异丙酚麻醉期间心率对阿托品的反应

目的观察异丙酚麻醉期间心率对阿托品的反应。方法选择75例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者随机分三组。每组25例。对照组（P0组）不使用异丙酚;控制组2组（P4组、P8组）分别静脉注射异丙酚1．50mg／kg、2．50mg/kg以及万可松0．15mg／kg后行气管插管,麻醉分别以异丙酚4mg·kg^-1·h^-1、8mg·kg^-1·h^-1及50％笑气维持,血流动力学平稳后,每两分钟给予阿托品5μg／kg,观察心率反应并记录数据。结果阿托品累积用量达10μg/kg,三组心率值分别与基础心率值组内比较,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=4．77、3．32、2．58,P均〈0．05）;阿托品累积用量达15μg／kg时,P4、P8组心率值分别与基础心率值组内比较,差异有统计学意义（t分别=6．67、4．07,P均〈0．05）。阿托品累积用量迭10μg／kg时,P4、P8组心率值分别与PO心率值组间比较,差异有统计学意义（t分别=2．59、4．26,P均〈0．05）。阿托品累积用量达15μg／kg时,P4组与P8组两组心率组间比较,相同剂量（15μg／kg）的阿托品对异丙酚不同用量的两组间心率反应的差异有统计学意义（t=3．07,P〈0．05）。结论异丙酚麻醉期间心率对阿托品的反应是减弱的,其原因在于异丙酚引起的付交感神经系统活性的增强。交感神经系统活性和压力感受器反射的抑制。     

异丙酚复合氯胺酮持续输注在小儿静脉全麻的应用与评价

目的评估异丙酚复合氯胺酮静脉麻醉用于婴幼儿手术的麻醉效果。方法选60名患儿术前30min肌注阿托品0．02mg／kg,术中持续静脉输注异丙酚2-4mg／kg、氯胺酮1-2mg／kg维持麻醉状态,并观察术中平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）及呼吸频率（RR）的变化。结果术中各时间与术前比较MAP、HR、SpO2、RR无显著差异性（P〉0．05）,术中各时间间比较差异亦无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论异丙酚复合氯胺酮静脉全身麻醉效果满意,是一种安全、有效的婴幼儿手术麻醉方式。     

Comparison of subcutaneous and intramuscular ketamine-medetomidine with and without reversal by atipamezole in Dutch belted rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Forty male Dutch belted rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) enrolled in a minimally invasive pharmacokinetics study were used to compare the efficacy of an anesthetic combination delivered through 2 injection routes. Rabbits were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10/group) to determine the sedative and physiologic effects of ketamine (25 mg/kg)-medetomidine (0.5 mg/kg) given either intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC). Palpebral, pedal, ear pinch, and righting reflexes, as well as cardiopulmonary parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood oxyhemoglobin saturation), were recorded every 5 min. In addition, the reversal effects of an intravenous dose of atipamezole (1 mg/kg), an alpha 2 adrenoreceptor antagonist, were assessed by comparing the return of the righting reflex in rabbits given the reversal agent with those that recovered spontaneously. Compared with the IM route, SC ketamine-medetomidine effectively induced chemical restraint with less than a 2-min difference in onset of anesthesia and markedly less resistance (for example, fl inching, kicking, and so forth) during the injection. In all groups, the anesthetic regimen, regardless of the route of administration, provided an adequate level of anesthesia. Reversal with atipamezole improved arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation for both the SC and IM groups; however, an enhanced rate of recovery from anesthesia was clinically apparent only for animals given the combination by the IM route.     

Propofol-based protocol of general anesthesia for operations in patients with severe burns with ASA class III-IV

Use of propofol in surgery on critical patients is limited because of the possibility of poorly corrected hypotonia. The effects of total anesthesia with propofol + fentanyl + nitric oxide under conditions of artificial ventilation of the lungs (tracrium) were evaluated during 63 operations on 42 patients with severe burns (ASA III-IV), divided into 2 groups depending on the protocol of anesthesia. The difference in the protocols consisted in the method of choice of anesthetic doses: in group A we proceeded from EEG data (bispectral index--BIS) and in group B relied only on general clinical and hemodynamic signs with a retrospective analysis of BIS. Prevention of hemodynamic disorders in both groups included infusion loading (7-8 ml/kg), dopamine (5-7 micrograms/kg/min) and decrease of the velocity of propofol infusion to 15 mg/kg/h during induction anesthesia. This method leveled the hypodynamic effects of propofol. Simultaneous monitoring of BIS showed that the propofol dose needed for adequate induction narcosis with subsequent intubation should be higher than the dose usually recommended for patients with ASA class III-IV. Use of BIS monitoring during the operation resulted in a decrease of the propofol and fentanyl doses. The authors do not recommend decreasing the velocity of propofol infusion below 3 mg/kg/h (at FiN2) = 0.6) because of the risk of awakening during narcosis.     

丙泊酚伍氯胺酮用于内镜介入治疗胆道疾病

目的探讨麻醉下内镜介入治疗胆道疾病的实施方法、管理以及安全性。方法25例择期行内镜介入治疗胆道疾病病人，口服局麻药5～10min后，静脉输注丙泊酚0.5mg／kg，氯胺酮0．3mg／kg，入睡后行内镜介入治疗。结果血压、心率、呼吸、血氧饱和度，与治疗前比较差异无显著性。治疗过程中无痛苦、无知晓，操作安静、松弛、快速。术中无记忆，术后无燥动与不安。结论应用亚剂量丙泊酚与氯胺酮可安全实施内镜介入治疗胆道疾病病人。     

气管内表面麻醉在无痛纤维支气管镜检查与治疗中的应用

[目的]观察气管内表面麻醉在喉罩通气无痛纤维支气管镜检查与治疗中的应用效果.[方法]选择拟行纤维支气管镜检查与治疗的成人患者90例,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,随机分成三组,每组30例.三组患者均以异丙酚2 mg/kg加瑞芬太尼2μg/kg,诱导后插入喉罩,接麻醉机.Ⅰ组(气管内表面麻醉组)应用纤维支气管镜经喉罩过声门给予2%利多卡因5~10 mL行气管内表面麻醉.Ⅱ组(小剂量肌松组)经静脉给予小剂量维库溴铵0.02~0.04 mg/kg,Ⅲ组(单纯静脉麻醉组)经静脉泵入丙泊酚4~6 mg/(kg·h)维持麻醉.其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ组视患者体动与咳嗽反射情况间断追加丙泊酚0.5~1 mg/kg,Ⅲ组间断追加瑞芬太尼0.5~1μg/kg,分别记录诱导前(T1),插入喉罩时(T2)、检查开始后5 min(T3)、10 min(T4)、麻醉苏醒时(T5)患者的收缩压、心率;同时记录患者检查中咳嗽、体动反应情况及麻醉苏醒时间及丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的用量.[结果]三组患者收缩压和心率在T1,T2,T5时间点相比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),T3和T4时间点Ⅲ组患者明显低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);咳嗽、体动反应次数,Ⅲ组多于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组苏醒时间明显长与Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的用量,Ⅲ组明显多于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05).[结论]在喉罩通气无痛纤维支气管镜检查与治疗中,应用2%利多卡因气管内表面麻醉能减低患者检查中的血压和心率波动,减少患者的咳嗽和体动反应,缩短麻醉苏醒时间和减少静脉麻醉药物的用量.     

定量药物脑电图评估异丙酚对兔脑电图α2频段的双相作用

背景定量药物脑电图可反映大脑皮质功能,全麻药物对脑皮质功能有肯定影响,由于麻醉深度与麻醉剂量有很好的相关性,若能找出与麻醉药剂量相关性好的定量药物脑电图的脑区与频段,则此频段可能成为反映麻醉深度的指标.目的观察异丙酚对家兔定量药物脑电图α2频段的影响.设计随机对照动物实验.单位徐州医学院江苏省麻醉学重点实验室.材料实验在徐州医学院动物实验室进行.取健康成年白兔36只,随机均分为异丙酚2.5,5,10 mg/kg 3组,每组12只,其中6只用于观察定量药物脑电图各频段功率百分比变化,另外6只用于观察兔翻正反射消失的潜伏期和持续期. 方法每日1400～1700进行实验.3组兔分别静脉注射异丙酚2.5,5,10 mg/kg,药物均在30 s内匀速注完.①将清醒兔俯卧位固定在兔台上,采用功率谱分析法,分别记录3组兔给药前和给药后20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110 s,2,5,10,15,20,30 min的定量药物脑电图.每时间点采样时间为5 s.②记录兔翻正反射消失的潜伏期和持续期.结果36只兔全部进入结果分析.①兔静脉注射异丙酚后,翻正反射均在1 min内消失.剂量越大,潜伏期越短,持续期越长(r=0.79,＜0.01).②与给药前相比,异丙酚2.5 mg/kg对α2频段的功率百分比无明显影响(P＞0.05);5 mg/kg时,各脑区α2频段的功率百分比在给药后升高(P＜0.05);10 mg/kg时,除左右顶区与2.5 mg/kg组差异无显著性外,各脑区α2频段的功率百分比较给药前及前两个剂量组均下降(P＜0.05),以上变化以额、颞区最为明显.结论异丙酚对兔定量药物脑电图α2频段的功率百分比的影响呈双向型,提示α2频段可能成为反映异丙酚麻醉深度的指标.     

Comparison of the time to extubation after use of remifentanil or sufentanil in combination with propofol as anesthesia in adults undergoing nonemergency intracranial surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial

BACKGROUND: Anesthetics with a short context-sensitive half-time (ie, the time required for the effect-site concentration of an IV drug to decrease by 50% at steady state), such as the opioids remifentanil and sufentanil, are suitable for anesthesia when early neurologic assessment is desired to detect postoperative complications. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy and safety profile of remifentanil and sufentanil in combination with propofol for anesthesia in adult patients undergoing nonemergency intracranial surgery. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study in adults aged 18 to 75 years who were scheduled to undergo a supratentorial neurosurgical procedure with a maximum anticipated duration of 480 minutes. Eligible patients had no incapacitating severe systemic disease (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class 1-3), and only those in whom immediate postoperative extubation was planned were included. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and either remifentanil 1 microg/kg or sufentanil 0.25 microg/kg. Propofol was continued using a target-controlled infusion (TCI) system. Maintenance infusion rates for remifentanil and sufentanil were 0.25 and 0.0025 microg.kg-1.min-1, respectively. The opioid and propofol infusions were adjusted based on hemodynamic parameters (mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate). The primary end point was the time to extubation. Secondary end points were hemodynamic stability (defined as the number of anesthetic adjustments required to maintain intraoperative hemodynamic parameters within 20% of preinduction values), postoperative IV morphine requirement, postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV), and intraoperative anesthetic costs. RESULTS: Sixty adults (29 remifentanil, 31 sufentanil) were included in the study. The 2 groups were similar with respect to sex, weight, indication for surgery, and duration of anesthesia. The sufentanil group was significantly older than the remifentanil group (55.3 vs 45.7 years, respectively; P=0.001). The median extubation time was similar in the remifentanil and sufentanil groups (10 minutes [interquartile range, 5-19 minutes] and 16 minutes [interquartile range, 10-30 minutes], respectively). Remifentanil was associated with the need for significantly fewer adjustments to maintain hemodynamic stability compared with sufentanil (0.8 vs 2.1; P=0.037), greater use of postoperative morphine (44.8% vs 22.6% of patients, P=0.01; mean IV morphine dose per patient: 4 vs 1.3 mg, P=0.016), and higher intraoperative opioid costs per patient euro vs euro P<0.001). The incidence of PONV did not differ significantly between groups. The total cost of intraoperative anesthetics per patient was similar in the 2 groups euro and euro as was the cost of propofol euro vs euro CONCLUSION: In these adults undergoing nonemergency intracranial surgery, there was no significant difference in extubation time between those receiving remifentanil and sufentanil infusions adjusted based on hemodynamic parameters in combination with propofol administered by TCI.     

A Comparison of 1 Minimum Alveolar Concentration Desflurane and 1 Minimum Alveolar Concentration Isoflurane Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Supratentorial Lesions

Background

A critical point in craniotomy is during opening of the dura and the subsequent potential for cerebral edema. Use of desflurane in neurosurgery may be beneficial because it facilitates early postoperative neurologic evaluation; however, data on the effect of desflurane on intracranial pressure in humans are limited. Isoflurane has been used extensively in neurosurgical patients.

Objective

This study compared 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) desflurane with 1 MAC isoflurane in facilitating hemodynamic stability, brain relaxation, and postoperative recovery characteristics in patients who underwent craniotomy for supratentorial lesions.

Methods

A total of 70 patients (aged 18–65 years), with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 1 or 2 physical status, who underwent craniotomy for supratentorial lesions, were enrolled in the study. For induction of anesthesia, fentanyl (2 μg/kg IV) and propofol (2 mg/kg IV) were administered. Endotracheal intubation was performed after administration of vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg IV) for total muscle relaxation. Before insertion of the skull pins, additional fentanyl (2 μg/kg IV) was administered. Patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 anesthetic regimens. For maintenance of anesthesia, 35 patients received 1 MAC of desflurane (group 1) and 35 patients received 1 MAC of isoflurane (group 2) within 50% oxygen in nitrous oxide. Intraoperatively, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured and recorded before induction and 1 minute after induction, after endotracheal intubation, before skull pin insertion and 1 minute after skull pin insertion, before incision and 1 minute after incision, and before extubation and 1 minute after extubation. Also, HR and MAP were recorded at 30-minute intervals. Postoperatively, extubation time, eye opening time to verbal stimuli, orientation time, and time to reach an Aldrete postanesthetic recovery score of ≥8 were recorded. In addition, opioid consumption was calculated and recorded. Brain relaxation was evaluated according to a 4-step brain relaxation scoring scale. All outcomes of the study were assessed and recorded by an anesthesiologist blinded to the volatile anesthetic gases studied.

Results

No significant difference in HR was observed between the 2 groups. Intraoperative MAP values in group 1 were higher than in group 2 (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between these groups in brain relaxation and opioid consumption. Extubation time, eye opening time to verbal stimuli, and time to reach an Aldrete score of ≥8 were found to be significantly shorter in patients in group 1 compared with patients in group 2 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In patients who underwent craniotomy for supratentorial lesions, patients who received 1 MAC desflurane–based anesthesia had earlier postoperative cognitive recovery and postoperative neurologic examination compared with patients who received 1 MAC isoflurane–based anesthesia. The observed benefits of early recovery from anesthesia, however, should be considered with risks such as higher MAP in patients administered 1 MAC desflurane.     

异丙酚静脉麻醉对患者心率变异和血糖水平变化的影响

目的研究异丙酚静脉麻醉对糖尿病患者心率变异和血糖水平变化的影响。方法将56例全麻患者分为两组,治疗组29例为糖尿病患者,对照组患者27例均未患糖尿病。两组患者均静脉滴注异丙酚0.7 mg/kg,然后根据情况追加首次量的1/4～1/2,监测两组患者平均动脉压(MAP)、动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)、心率(HR)及警觉/镇静评分达3分即刻、5 min、10 min时HRV各参数;监测麻醉诱导前、诱导后插管前、插管后5 min、插管后30 min、拔管后10 min的血糖水平。结果与对照组相比,插管后实验组患者LF、HF和TP均低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者LF/HF均较基础值升高,而实验组LF/HF较对照组升高显著(P0.05)。结论异丙酚有加重糖尿病患者术中自主神经的紊乱性和升高血糖的不良反应,对于糖尿病患者的手术麻醉应慎用异丙酚。     

氟马西尼对异氟醚残余麻醉作用的拮抗作用

目的:探讨氟马西尼是否可以拮抗异氟醚的麻醉残余作用,加速麻醉苏醒。方法:采用随机、双盲、对照方法,选择择期手术、年龄18～60岁、ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级且无术前用药患者60例,芬太尼3μg/kg、丙泊酚2mg/kg、维库溴胺0.1mg/kg诱导,异氟醚、芬太尼、维库溴胺维持麻醉。手术结束停止异氟醚的吸入,继续机械通气,当呼气末异氟醚浓度降至0.45%～0.5%时,分为3组,分别给予生理盐水(对照组)、氟马西尼0.5mg(0.5mg组)和氟马西尼1.0mg(1.0mg组)。每间隔1分钟进行1次意识评价,至患者定向力恢复。记录呼之睁眼、指令运动、正确回答问题、定向力恢复的时间,以及血压、脉搏、脑电双频指数(BIS)值、体温、呼气末异氟醚浓度、呼气末二氧化碳值。并在手术诱导前,定向力恢复时,定向力恢复后15、30、60、120min分别给患者出示一张不同的图片,术后24h随访患者对图片的记忆情况。结果:患者的一般情况差异无显著性(P>0.05)。对照组、0.5mg组和1.0mg组患者从停止吸入异氟醚至指令运动恢复时间分别为(19.58±6.91)min、(22.05±9.19)min和(20.32±6.44)min(P...     

脑电双频指数监测在肝功能不全患者手术麻醉中的应用

目的肝功能不全患者术中应用脑电双频指数（BIS）监测反馈调控麻醉药的靶控输注浓度,观察其对麻醉用药量和苏醒时闯的影响。方法肝功能不全患者40例,Child—Pugh分级A级,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组,每组20例。两组均静脉注射丙泊酚2mg／kg,咪达唑仑0．05mg／kg,雷米芬太尼3μg／kg进行麻醉诱导,并复合顺式阿曲库铵0．2mg／kg后行气管插管。靶控输注丙泊酚（初始血浆靶浓度0．7—1．8μg／L）、雷米芬太尼（初始效应室靶浓度2．5～3．5ng／L）以进行麻醉维持。对照组以常规监测指标调控靶控输注浓度;BIS组以BIS值（40～55）为指标反馈调控靶控输注浓度。术中监测血压（BP）、心电图（ECG）、脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）以及BIS等指标,并记录麻醉维持阶段药物用量变化及麻醉苏醒时间,患者术中知晓情况。结果BIS组麻醉维持阶段丙泊酚用量显著低于对照组[（4．9±0．2）mg／kg v．s．（6．7±0．4）mS／kg,P〈0．05];BIS组麻醉苏醒时间显著短于对照组[（7．0±1．5）min v．s．（11．0±1．4）min,P〈0．05];两组均未发生术中知晓。结论BIS监测指导肝功能不全患者术中麻醉维持,可在保证适＂-3麻醉深度的情况下有效减少丙泊酚用量,缩短苏醒时间。     

Standardized uptake values of normal organs on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging

Standardized uptake values (SUVs) of normal organs were evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scanning. Seventy patients (38 men and 32 women) with no non-physiological 18F-FDG uptake participated in the study. All patients fasted for at least 4 h before PET-CT imaging and their fasting blood glucose levels were within the normal range. Image acquisition was performed after intravenous administration of 18F-FDG and images were obtained from the vertex to the upper thigh region. The SUVs of various organs were determined from the transverse views. The uptake of 18F-FDG was highest in the cerebrum, cerebellum, myocardium, tonsils, liver and spleen in both sexes. Having knowledge of the physiological uptake of 18F-FDG and normal organ SUVs is required for the correct interpretation of whole-body 18F-FDG-PET-CT studies.     

不同麻醉药物在小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗中的应用比较

【目的】观察丙泊酚复合右美托咪定和丙泊酚复合氯胺酮静脉全麻对行先天性心脏病导管封堵术患儿术中血流动力学和术后麻醉恢复时间的影响。【方法】将行先天性心脏病导管封堵术患儿72例,随机分为丙泊酚复合右关托咪定静脉全麻组（A组）和丙泊酚复合氯胺酮静脉全麻（B组）,每组各36例。患儿术前均给予阿托品0．01mg／kg,A组患儿静脉注射丙泊酚1．5mg／kg,缓慢注射右美托咪定1．Omg／kg,输注时间超过10min,以诱导麻醉,继以右美托咪定0．5μg／（kg·h）和丙泊酚4～6mg／（kg·h）持续泵入维持,B组丙泊酚用法同A组,诱导时复合使用氯胺酮1．0mg／kg,继以0．5μg／（kg·h）维持。术中常规监测血压、心率、呼吸频率、呼吸幅度、血氧饱和度和心电图变化,以改良Steward苏醒评分评估患儿术后麻醉恢复时间。【结果】两组在心内操作时心率均较麻醉诱导前显著增加（均P〈0．01）,但B组较A组更为明显（P〈0．05）。B组麻醉恢复时间显著长于A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。【结论】丙泊酚复合右美托咪定静脉全麻下行小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗对操作过程中的心率影响更小,麻醉恢复更快。     

瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚用于老年开胸患者全凭静脉麻醉的效果分析

目的评价瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚用于老年开胸患者全凭静脉麻醉的临床效果。方法 60例拟行开胸手术的老年患者,ASA分级为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,随机分为瑞芬太尼组(R组),和芬太尼组(F组),每组各30例。麻醉诱导:R组采用咪唑安定0.05 mg/kg,丙泊酚2 mg/kg,瑞芬太尼1μg/kg,维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg。F组采用芬太尼3μg/kg,代替瑞芬太尼。气管插管行机械通气。麻醉维持:R组持续泵注瑞芬太尼0.1~0.3μg/(kg.min),丙泊酚3~4 mg/(kg.h)。F组芬太尼0.03~0.05 mg/(kg.min),丙泊酚3~4 mg/(kg.min)持续泵入,两组均间断静脉注射维库溴铵0.03 mg/kg。R组在手术结束前10 min停止泵入丙泊酚,在手术结束时停止泵入瑞芬太尼。F组在手术结束前25 min停止泵入芬太尼,手术结束前10 min停止泵入丙泊酚。结果 R组诱导时血压下降幅度明显小于F组。麻醉维持期间,R组血流动力学变化小于F组。结论瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉用于老年开胸患者麻醉效果好,对患者的心率及血压改变不明显,术毕苏醒迅速。     

异丙酚麻醉下急性颅脑损伤患者手术期间脑损伤标志物S100B和术后半年简易智能量表评分的变化

背景:脑损伤后常引起继发性脑缺血、缺氧,使脑损害加重。颅脑手术可引起血浆氧自由基水平的升高,有可能加重对脑的损伤。异丙酚作为较新的用于麻醉诱导和麻醉维持的药物,其脑保护作用尤为引人注目。目的押观察异丙酚对急性颅脑损伤患者手术期间血清S100B的影响,分析其与患者6个月后简易智能量表评分的相关性,评价异丙酚的脑保护作用。设计:随机同期对照观察。单位:解放军广州军区武汉总医院麻醉科、神经外科和中心实验室,武汉大学中南医院麻醉学教研室。对象:于2004-01/06选择解放军广州军武汉总医院神经外科急性颅脑损伤患者30例为观察对象。随机数字表法分为异丙酚组和异氟醚组,每组15例。方法押患者在全麻下行开颅血肿或穴和雪挫裂伤灶清除术。异丙酚组术中用异丙酚4～8mg/(kg·h)泵注,芬太尼1.0～2.0μg/(kg·h)、维库溴铵0.02～0.03mg/(kg·h)静注维持麻醉。异氟醚组术中用异氟醚0.8～1.2MAC吸入,芬太尼1.0～2.0μg/(kg·h)、维库溴铵0.02～0.03mg/(kg·h)静注维持麻醉。通过酶联免疫吸附方法测定手术前、手术开始2h、手术结束时血清S100B含量。术后6个月按简易智能量表的定位、记录、注意力和计算力、记忆、语言及空间感等6个方面12项指标对接受随访的23例患者进行评分并记录。简易智能量表量表总分30分,分数越高表明智能越好。主要观察指标:两组患者手术期间各时段脑损伤标志物S100B的变化和6个月后简易智能量表评分以及两者的相关性。结果押30例患者所有受检血样均符合实验要求。6个月后随访,异丙酚组3例死亡,异氟醚组4例死亡,共有23例患者接受随访并进行简易智能量表评分。①开颅手术2h和手术结束时两组患者血清S100B均较术前有升高,手术结束时异丙酚组S100B显著低于异氟醚组,差异有显著性意义穴P<0.05雪;手术前、手术开始2h、手术结束时S100B呈一持续升高的过程。②异丙酚组简易智能量表评分高于异氟醚组,差异无显著性意义眼(22.33±5.96),(19.91±6.13)分,t=0.9603熏P>0.05演。③手术结束时S100B含量与6个月后简易智能量表评分呈显著负相关穴r=-0.487,P<0.05雪。结论押临床麻醉剂量的异丙酚可能降低手术期间S100B的升高,并有可能改善患者术后6个月认知能力,减少智力障碍的发生。     

异丙酚联合小剂量咪唑安定在肠镜检查中的应用

目的:研究异丙酚和小剂量咪唑安定在肠镜检查中麻醉效果和患者的满意程度。方法:将进行胃镜检查30例。随机分为对照组(n=15)和麻醉组(n=15),对照组患者常规进行肠镜检查;麻醉组患者静脉注射咪唑安定(1.5～2.0mg)和异丙酚(1.5mg/kg),患者意识消失后,立即进行肠镜检查。两组患者在胃镜检查中均监测血压、心率、氧饱和度的变化,检查后询问患者的满意程度。结果:麻醉组心率和血压与对照组相比均有明显下降(P<0.05);两组氧饱和度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);麻醉组满意程度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:异丙酚联合小剂量咪唑安定进行肠镜检查是一种安全有效、舒适、易被接受的无痛肠镜检查。     

The effect of atropine on the bispectral index response to endotracheal intubation during propofol and remifentanil anesthesia

Atropine has been reported to increase the propofol requirements for the induction of anesthesia during continuous infusion of propofol. We investigated the influence of atropine on the bispectral index (BIS) response to endotracheal intubation during anesthetic induction with propofol and remifentanil target controlled infusion (TCI). Fifty-six patients aged 18–50 years undergoing general anesthesia, were enrolled. For induction of anesthesia, propofol TCI was set at a target effect-site concentration of 4.0 μg/ml. Two minutes later, remifentanil was started at an effect-site concentration of 4.0 ng/ml. Four minutes after the start of propofol TCI, patients received either atropine (10 μg/kg) or an equal volume of normal saline. Tracheal intubation was performed 10 min after anesthetic induction. Mean arterial pressure, HR, SpO₂, and BIS were recorded during the 15 min-anesthesia induction. From 2 to 5 min after tracheal intubation, BIS was significantly higher in the atropine group than in the control group (p = 0.043, 0.033, 0.049, and 0.001, respectively). When compared with baseline values (immediately before intubation), BIS showed a significant increase at 1 min after intubation in both groups, without intergroup differences, whereas it decreased significantly from 4 to 5 min after intubation only in the control group. This study demonstrated that atropine maintained BIS increases in response to endotracheal intubation during anesthetic induction with propofol and remifentanil TCI, although the maximal response did not differ between the groups.     

Early activation after orthotopic heart transplantation

The purpose of the study was to analyze the authors' experience with early activation made in the operating-room in recipients after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). The study enrolled 12 patients (10 males and 2 females) aged 18 to 60 (41 +/- 5) years. OHT emergency corresponded to UNOS status 2 (n=9) and IB (n=3). The donors' age was 21 to 44 (35 +/- 3) years; the donor/recipient body weight ratio was 0.87 +/- 0.14; the least dopamine-induced cardiotonic support during conditioning was 4.7 +/- 0.4 microg/kg/min. The duration of myocardial ischemia was 106 to 237 (161 +/- 19) min. That of extracorporeal circulation (EC), surgery, and anesthesia was 66 to 129 (99 +/- 8) min, 4.5 +/- 0.3 and 6.2 +/- 0.5 hours, respectively. The induction of anesthesia used propofol 1.6 +/- 0.2 mg/kg, fentanyl 3.8 +/- 0.3 microg/kg, or rocuronium bromide 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/kg. The maintenance of anesthesia in the preperfusion period was made with propofol (target concentration, 1.5 +/- 0.3 microg/ml), sevoflurane (1.4 +/- 0.3 vol %), and fentanyl. The mean use of propofol per surgery was 2.3 +/- 0.3 mg/kg/h; that of fentanyl and rocuronium bromide was 16.9 +/- 0.6 and 1.7 +/- 0.3 mg/ kg, respectively. In all recipients, the early posttransplantation period was characterized by stable central hemodynamics. At the end of surgery, cardiac index was 3.2 +/- 0.4 l/min/m2 during cardiotonic therapy: epinephrine 42 +/- 8 ng/kg/min (n=10), dopamine 6.4 +/- 0.7 microg/kg/min (n=12), or dobutamine 4.1 +/- 0.4 microg/kg/min (n=3). The interval between the end of surgery and tracheal intubation was 53 +/- 8 min. The duration of postoperative treatment in an intensive care unit was 2 to 4 (2.8 +/- 0.5) days. Thus, early activation can be made on the operating table after heart transplantation if there is no significant cardiac graft pump dysfunction or homeostatic disorders in recipients.     

七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术麻醉的临床观察

目的 观察七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的麻醉效果。方法60例美国麻醉学会手术前分级（ASA）Ⅰ-Ⅱ级拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的成年患者,随机分成七氟烷组和对照组。各组30例,术前用药,麻醉诱导相同。麻醉维持：七氟烷组全程吸入七氟烷,浓度2％-4％,对照组持续静脉泵入丙泊酚6—10mg／（kg·h）,两组均在麻醉诱导后静脉泵入瑞芬太尼0．05—0．40μg／（kg·min）辅助麻醉,术中根据生体征变化和手术刺激强度调控麻醉深度。观察术中生命体征变化、麻醉效果、苏醒时间、苏醒程度和不良反应。结果两组麻醉效果满意,术中血压、心率改变比较无明显差异。七氟烷组瑞芬太尼输注速率和总量明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,两组苏醒时间和苏醒程度评分无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉效果好,术中循环稳定、苏醒快捷,是腹腔镜胆囊切除手术理想的麻醉方法。