靶控输注瑞芬太尼与恒速输注右美托咪定用于小儿全凭静脉麻醉苏醒期的临床研究

目的观察靶控输注瑞芬太尼与恒速输注右美托咪定对小儿全凭静脉麻醉苏醒期拔管反应及躁动的影响。方法将90例择期全凭静脉麻醉下行扁桃体腺样体切除术患儿,随机分为对照组(C组)、瑞芬太尼组(R组)和右美托咪定(D组)。麻醉诱导后D组静脉持续输注右美托咪定0.3μg·kg-1·h-1直至气管导管拔出。手术结束前2 min,C组和D组停用异丙酚和瑞芬太尼;R组停用异丙酚,将瑞芬太尼的TCI浓度调整为1.5 ng/ml直至气管导管拔出。记录泵注右美托咪定前(T0)、手术结束时(T1)、拔管前1 min(T2)、拔管时(T3)和拔管后1 min(T4)、5 min(T5)、10 min(T6)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR);记录停用异丙酚至拔管时间、睁眼时间、拔管时呛咳反应评分;根据儿童麻醉后躁动评分(PAED)和改良加拿大东安大略儿童医院疼痛评分量表(m-CHEOPS),拔管后每5 min对患儿进行躁动和疼痛评分,记录所得最高值作为监测有效值。结果与T0时比较,C组T2~T6时、R组T5~T6时MAP和HR均显著升高(P<0.05),D组各时点MAP与HR差异无统计学意义;与C组比较,R组T2~T4时、D组T2~T6时MAP与HR均较低(P<0.05);与R组比较,D组T5~T6时MAP与HR较低(P<0.05)。三组患儿拔管时间、睁眼时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);拔管时呛咳反应评分R组与D组显著低于C组(P<0.05),PAED评分和疼痛评分D组显著低于C组(P<0.05)与R组(P<0.05)。结论靶控输注瑞芬太尼(1.5 ng/ml)与恒速输注右美托咪定(0.3μg·kg-1·h-1),均能有效抑制小儿扁桃体腺样体切除术全凭静脉麻醉苏醒期的拔管反应,且不延长麻醉苏醒时间。恒速输注右美托咪定还能减少患儿术后躁动的发生,更适用于小儿全麻苏醒期。     

右旋美托咪定在小儿等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术中的应用

目的观察右旋美托咪定在小儿低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术中的临床效果。方法将60例ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级择期行等低温离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术的患儿随机分为Dex组和C组,每组30例。2组均采用静脉吸入气管全身麻醉,诱导时按顺序予咪达唑仑、芬太尼、丙泊酚、阿曲库胺,术中瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚、七氟烷维持麻醉。Dex组在诱导前10 min给予右旋美托咪定负荷剂量,10 min后改成维持剂量,C组泵注等容量生理盐水。比较2组患儿的生命体征变化、气管导管拔除时间,记录患儿入室时(T_0)、手术开始时(T_1)、拔管后1 min(T_2)、拔管后5 min(T_3)、拔管后15 min(T_4)的平均血压(MBP)、心率(HR)和呼吸频率(RR)、拔管后各时间点躁动评分和Ramsay镇静评分。结果 2组患儿术中均获得良好的麻醉效果,术中血压和心率无显著差异。手术结束后,患儿自主呼吸恢复时间无显著差异。与C组比较,Dex组拔管后躁动评分显著降低(P0.05),Ramsay镇静评分显著升高(P0.05)。结论右旋美托咪定用于小儿等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术可以明显减轻术后躁动的发生,有效稳定血流动力学。     

右美托咪定对老年高血压患者腹腔镜结肠癌根治术中血流动力学的影响

目的比较不同剂量右美托咪定对老年高血压患者腹腔镜结肠癌根治手术中血流动力学的影响。方法选择行腹腔镜结肠癌根治术的老年高血压患者87例。按随机数字表法将分为右美托咪定1组(D1组)、右美托咪定2组(D2组)及生理盐水组(S组)每组29例。D1和D2组静脉泵注右美托咪定0.2、0.4μg/(kg·h),S组则静脉泵注生理盐水10 ml/h。所有患者均自麻醉诱导前10 min开始持续泵注直至手术完成前30 min停止。比较三组麻醉时间、拔管时间和麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留时间;入手术室时(T_0)、插管前1 min(T_1)、插管即刻(T_2)、插管后1 min(T_3)、手术结束时(T_4)、拔管后1 min(T_5)、离开PACU(T_6)时平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR);手术过程中高血压的发生次数;PACU中Ramsay镇静评分、疼痛评分、不良反应发生情况。结果 D1和D2组T2~6MAP、HR以及疼痛评分,发生血压升高及寒战的次数均低于S组(P0.05)。D2组拔管时间、PACU停留时间大于S组和D1组。三组Ramsay镇静评分D2组D1组S组,c差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定0.2及0.4μg/(kg·h)泵注有利于老年高血压患者在腹腔镜结肠癌根治术中血流动力学稳定,镇静效果良好,且麻醉安全性较高。0.2μg/(kg·h)右美托咪定不延迟患者拔管及苏醒时间,更适用于老年高血压患者。     

不同剂量右美托咪定复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼持续静脉泵注对功能性鼻镜鼻窦手术患者围术期应激反应及苏醒质量的影响

目的探讨不同剂量右美托咪定复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼持续静脉泵注对功能性鼻镜鼻窦手术患者围术期应激反应及苏醒质量的影响。方法选择行功能性鼻镜鼻窦手术120例患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为四组。按照应用右美托咪啶剂量的不同将120例患者分为对照组(0.9%氯化钠注射液)、低剂量组(右美托咪定0.25μg/kg)、中剂量组(右美托咪定0.50μg/kg)及高剂量组(右美托咪定1.00μg/kg),每组30例。观察记录各组插管期间血流动力学变化情况,记录诱导前5 min(T_0)、用药后10 min(T_1)、用药后60 min(T_2)及拔管即刻(T_3)的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR);比较各组患者的苏醒时间、拔管时间及Ramsay镇静评分。结果与T_0时比较,T_1时低剂量组、中剂量组HR与MAP均下降,高剂量组HR、MAP升高(P0.05);T2时低剂量组未达到目标血压,高剂量组HR减慢(P0.05),且MAP降低至低于基础值(P0.05);T3时低剂量组血压高于对照组(P0.05),高剂量组MAP和HR低于对照组(P0.05);高剂量组苏醒时间、拔管时间、Ramsay镇静评分高于其他组(P0.05);低剂量组、中剂量组与对照组苏醒时间、拔管时间、Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异未见统计学意义(P0.05);高剂量组不良反应发生率高于其他组(P0.05);低剂量组与中剂量组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P0.05),但两组间比较差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中等剂量(0.50μg/kg)的右美托咪啶在功能性鼻镜鼻窦手术中可有效维持手术过程的血流动力学稳定,缩短苏醒时间和拔管时间,减少拔管所引起的应激反应,降低不良反应发生率,因此可作为此类手术的首选麻醉方案在临床进行推广应用。     

不同剂量右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉在骨科下肢手术的临床效果

目的探讨不同剂量右美托咪定辅助低位硬膜外麻醉在骨科下肢手术的临床效果。方法选择108例骨科行下肢手术的患者,进行低位硬膜外麻醉,并予以右美托咪定辅助。108例患者被分为A、B、C、D四个组,每组27例。A组泵注右美托咪定0.4μg/kg、B组泵注右美托咪定0.6μg/kg、C组泵入右美托咪定0.8μg/kg,D组为空白对照组,泵入生理盐水。于泵入右美托咪定开始时、10 min、30 min、60 min、120 min记录并比较MAP、HR、Ramsay镇静评分,观察术中、术后不良反应。结果在泵入右美托咪定开始时,各组MAP、HR不存在统计学差异,在泵入右美托咪定后10 min、30 min、60 min和120 min,A组、B组、C组MAP水平显著低于D组,但A组、B组和C组三组之间无统计学差异。C组Ramsay镇静评分在在泵入右美托咪定后10 min、30 min、60 min和120 min显著高于A组、B组、D组,B组Ramsay镇静评分在在泵入右美托咪定后10 min、30 min、60 min和120 min显著高于A组和D组。C组有4例患者需要给予阿托品提高心率,其比率显著高于其他各组。C组中发现3例患者需要多巴胺升血压,其比率显著高于其他各组。结论在骨科下肢手术中,泵注右美托咪定0.6μg/kg辅助低位硬膜外麻醉能达到最好的临床镇静效果,不良反应少,值得临床应用。     

右美托咪定在小儿纤维支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗术中的应用

目的探讨右美托咪定在小儿纤维支气管检查及肺泡灌洗术中的应用效果。方法将60例择期行小儿纤维支气管镜检查及肺泡灌洗术的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例。2组患儿均采用全身麻醉,观察组手术前10 min给予右美托咪定,对照组则给予生理盐水。观察2组患儿的生命体征变化,记录2组患儿入室时(T_0)、手术开始时(T_1)、拔喉罩时(T_2)、拔喉罩后5 min(T_3)、拔喉罩后15 min(T_4)、拔喉罩后30 min(T_5)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和呼吸频率(RR),观察2组患儿手术时间、麻醉时间、手术结束停药至喉罩拔除时间、躁动评分和Ramsay镇静评分,同时记录喉痉挛、呛咳、恶心呕吐等围术期不良反应的发生情况。结果 2组患儿T1时点的HR和RR无显著差异(P 0. 05);观察组T_2、T_3、T_4和T_5时点的MAP及HR显著低于对照组(P 0. 05); 2组患儿手术结束停药至喉罩拔除时间无显著差异(P 0. 05);拔管后,观察组躁动评分和Ramsay镇静评分显著优于对照组(P 0. 05);观察组苏醒期躁动者与躁动持续时间超过15 min者均显著少于对照组(P 0. 05); 2组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P 0. 05)。结论将右美托咪定应用于小儿纤维支气管镜检查伴肺泡灌洗术,可提高术中及术后镇静效果,且不良反应少。     

右美托咪定联合甲泊尼龙对小儿扁桃体腺样体切除术后躁动的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定联合甲泊尼龙对小儿扁桃体腺样体切除术后躁动的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ级择期插管全麻下行扁桃体腺样体切除术患儿60例,随机分为A、B、C三组各20例,A组于诱导前右美托咪定1μg/kg静脉泵入,B组诱导前右美托咪定1μg/kg静脉泵入同时,静注甲泊尼龙1 mg/kg; C组诱导前不做药物处理。比较麻醉诱导前(T1)、手术开始(T2)、拔管后5 min(T3)和离开复苏室时(T4)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)。于拔管后5 min、离开复苏室时及术后12小时对患儿进行依据行为疼痛评估表(FLACC)评分、镇静评分及躁动评分。结果 B组和A组在各时间点HR、MAP变化幅度低于C组(P 0. 05)。B组及A组躁动发生率低于C组(P 0. 05)。B组与A组比较术后12小时仍获得较更佳的FLACC评分、Ramsay评分及躁动评分(P 0. 05)。结论右美托咪定联合甲泊尼龙能有效减低全身麻醉苏醒期的躁动发生率,且患儿舒适度更佳。     

右美托咪定自控监护麻醉对眼鼻微创手术的影响

目的观察右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼自控监护麻醉用于局部麻醉下行眼鼻微创外科手术患者的效果和安全性。方法选择60例局部麻醉下行单眼泪囊开窗引流术的患者,随机分为D组(右美托咪定),DS组(右美托咪定+舒芬太尼),MF组(咪唑安定+舒芬太尼),n=20。观察并记录术晨(T0)、入室时(T1)、局部麻醉时(T2)、手术开始后10 min(T3)、开始后20 min(T4)、开始后30 min(T5)、术后30 min(T6)的平均动脉血压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO2)、呼吸频率(RR)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、Ramsay镇静评分、鼻内窥镜术野质量评分(SESFQ)、手术时间(OT)和术中自控按压次数(CPT)。结果 3组患者T1时点MAP、HR均高于T0时点(P0.05),DS组患者T2、T3、T4、T5和T6时点的MAP、HR低于T0时点(P0.05),且低于D组和MS组同时间点的MAP、HR(P0.05),D组患者T3、T4、T5和T6时点的MAP低于MS组同时点的MAB(P0.05),且T3、T4点的MAP低于D组其他时点(P0.05),MS组患者T5和T6时点的HR、MAP明显高于T2、T3、T4时点(P0.01);MS组患者T2、T3、T4、T5和T6时点的RR低于T1时点及D、DS组同时点的RR(P0.05),PETCO2高于T1时点及D、DS组同时点的PETCO2(P0.05),MS组T2、T3和T4时点的Ramsay评分均大于D组、DS组同时点的Ramsay评分(P0.05),T5和T6时点的Ramsay评分均明显小于D组、DS组同时点的Ramsay评分(P0.01);DS组患者的CPT和SESFQ均明显少于D、MS组(P0.01),而D组的SESFQ评分低于MS组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼自控输注较自控输注右美托咪定或咪唑安定复合舒芬太尼单次给药可更快、更有效地发挥镇静、镇痛、降低血压效应,提供良好的手术视野、缩短手术时间,且对患者呼吸功能影响甚微。     

帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定预防小儿全身麻醉苏醒期不良反应的效果

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定预防小儿全身麻醉苏醒期不良反应的临床效果。方法将60例行扁桃体剥离合并腺样体吸切手术的全身麻醉患儿按随机数字表法分为3组:帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定组（PD组）、右美托咪定组（D组）、生理盐水组（C组）,每组20例。3组均行七氟烷吸入全身麻醉,手术结束前5min PD组静脉注射1mg·kg^-1帕瑞昔布钠,微量泵输注0.5μg·kg^-1右美托咪定20mL;D组微量泵输注0.5μg·kg^-1右美托咪定20mL;C组微量泵输注生理盐水20mL。记录基础状态（T0）,拔管前1min（T1）,拔管时（T2）,拔管后1min（T3）、5min（T4）、15min（T5）、30min（T6）及60min（T7）时MAP、HR、SpO₂,并进行儿童麻醉后躁动评分（PAED）、Ramsay镇静评分、改良加拿大东安大略儿童医院疼痛评分（m-CHEOPS）。记录拔管前后咳嗽、躁动例数及呼吸恢复时间、唤醒时间、拔管时间。结果 3组MAP、HR T0时点比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;其余各时点C组均高于D组、DP组,D组高于DP组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。PAED评分T4—T6时点C组高于PD组、D组,D组高于DP组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Ramsay评分T4—T7时点C组低于DP组、D组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;m-CHEOPS评分T4—T7时点C组高于DP组、D组,D组高于DP组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3组患儿苏醒时间、拔管时间、呼吸恢复时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;咳嗽发生率C组高于DP组和D组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;躁动发生率C组高于DP组和D组,D组高于DP组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定能降低扁桃体剥离合并腺样体吸切手术全身麻醉患儿苏醒期躁动、咳嗽发生率,血流动力学平稳而且不延长拔管、苏醒时间。     

不同剂量右美托咪定滴鼻用于小儿开颅术前镇静效果的比较

目的比较小儿神经外科手术前使用不同剂量右美托咪定滴鼻的镇静效果。方法择期行开颅手术患儿40例,ASA分级Ⅱ级,随机分为右美托咪定2μg/kg组(D2组,n=20)和右美托咪定3μg/kg组(D3组,n=20),于术前30 min分别给予右美托咪定2μg/kg或右美托咪定3μg/kg滴鼻。记录用药前及用药后10 min、20 min、30 min的Ramsay镇静评分、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(Sp O2),评估患儿用药后镇静起效时间、离开父母时镇静程度、开放外周静脉时行为学反应和术毕苏醒时间。结果与D2组相比,D3组患儿更易入睡、离开父母时的Ramsay评分较高[5(5-5),P0.01]、开放外周静脉时的行为学评分较高[3.0(3-4),P0.01]。给药前和给药后10 min、20 min、30 min两组MAP和HR差异无统计学意义。术毕清醒时间两组差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定3μg/kg滴鼻可使患儿在与父母分离时达到更为满意的镇静水平,行外周静脉穿刺时耐受性更好,且给药后血流动力学平稳、无呼吸抑制,不延长开颅术后患儿的苏醒时间。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.