Gene transfer into fetal baboon hematopoietic progenitor cells

We studied hematopoietic progenitors from fetal baboon blood, marrow, and liver at four time points (125, 140, 160, and 175 days) during the third trimester (gestation approximately 180 days) to determine if fetal baboons might be an appropriate model for in utero gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Cells were studied for expression of CD34, CD33, CD38, and HLA-DR, for progenitor content in colony-forming cell assays, and for susceptibility of CD34+ progenitors to retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Throughout the third trimester, the frequency of CD34+ progenitors in blood and marrow appears to remain unchanged at approximately 0.6 and 5.0%, respectively. In liver, progenitors progressively decrease to undetectable levels by day 175. The proportion of fetal baboon bone marrow and liver CD34+ cells expressing CD38 and HLA-DR appears to increase with increasing fetal age, similar to changes reported for human cord blood CD34+ cells. In fetal baboon blood the proportion of CD34+ cells expressing CD33 appears to decrease with increasing gestational age, also similar to changes reported for human cord blood cells. Progenitors from human cord blood and baboon fetal tissues were similarly susceptible to transduction by the gibbon ape leukemia pseudotyped retroviral vector LAPSN(PG13) containing the genes for human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) and the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase (neo). Fetal baboon and human hematopoietic progenitor cells undergo similar phenotypic changes during the third trimester of fetal development and are similarly susceptible to retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. The fetal baboon may be a model in which approaches to mobilization and gene transfer into fetal HSCs can be studied.     

脐血造血干/祖细胞免疫表型的流式细胞术双标法分析及其意义

目的比较脐血和骨髓中造血干/祖细胞(HSPC)的免疫表型差异.方法使用流式细胞术(FCM)双标法对38份脐血及10份骨髓HSPC进行免疫表型分析.结果①脐血有核细胞中CD34+细胞所占比例与骨髓中相近,约为0.5%;②脐血CD34+细胞中CD34+CD38-[(17.C4±5.37)%]、CD34+HLA-DR-[(32.65±10.71)%]及CD34+H-CAM+(CD44+)[(77.84±7.69)%]亚群含量均高于骨髓[含量分别为(8.26±3.19)%、(14.05±1.67)%和(70.02±6.40)%],CD34+CD13+、CD34+CD19+亚群比例低于骨髓.结论脐血与骨髓CD34+细胞比例相近,但前者较原始的干细胞含量更高,故脐血是极具潜力的HSPC来源;而脐血CD34+细胞中髓系及淋系祖细胞含量低于骨髓,可能是脐血移植后造血及免疫重建缓慢的原因之一.     

不同时相移植人骨髓间充质干细胞对人脐血CD34^＋细胞植入NOD／SCID小鼠的影响

为了观察不同时相移植人骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）对脐血（UCB）CD34^＋细胞移植的NOD／SCID小鼠造血重建的影响，明确最佳的移植时机，将体外培养扩增的人骨髓MSC分别于UCBCD34^＋细胞移植同时、移植前48小时及移植后48小时输入经^60Coγ射线照射的NOD／SCID小鼠，观察共移植后42天内小鼠外周血白细胞和血小板变化，并于移植后42天处死小鼠，用FACS检测外周血、骨髓和脾脏人源细胞含量。结果表明：（1）MSC和UCBCD34^＋细胞同时输注可明显降低外周血白细胞和血小板下降幅度，缩短白细胞和血小板恢复时间；二者不同时输注均不降低白细胞和血小板下降幅度，且输注UCBCD34^＋细胞后48小时输注MSC时外周血血小板恢复时间明显晚于同时输注者。（2）与单纯UCBCD34^＋细胞移植相比较，不同时相输注MSC均可促进UCBCD34^＋细胞的植入，三个共输注组间促进骨髓各系造血植入效应无明显差异。结论：人骨髓MSC与UCBCD34^＋细胞共移植时，以同时移植效果最佳，此结果为MSC的临床应用提供了实验依据。     

CD133+CD34+ and CD133+CD38+ blood progenitor cells as predictors of platelet engraftment in patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

BackgroundHematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been characterized by CD34+ expression and an adequate dose of CD34+ cells is associated with a complete engraftment. CD133 is a more specific marker of HSC.Materials and methodsWe studied the relationship between graft content of CD34+, CD133+, and CD38+ cells and trilineage engraftment after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with different hematological disorders. Blood samples were obtained before and after mobilization with recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, 16 μg/kg), from apheresis collections, and after transplantation.ResultsCell subsets were quantified by flow cytometry, and the dose of each population infused was correlated with success of engraftment. G-CSF induced mobilization of CD133+CD38+ cells (12.6-fold) and CD133+CD34+ cells (14.7-fold). A correlation was observed between the infused dose of CD133+CD34+ and CD133+CD38+ cells and platelet engraftment.ConclusionCD133+CD34+ and CD133+CD38+ cells were mobilized with G-CSF and these cell subsets were correlated with platelet engraftment.     

体外扩增脐血CD34+细胞的实验研究

目的 探讨体外扩增脐血干／祖细胞用于成人脐血移植的可能性。方法 从１０份新鲜的脐血标本中纯化的ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞接种于含体积分数为２０％的胎牛血清（ＦＢＳ）的ＩＭＤＭ培养基的悬 培养体系中,分别加入由ＳＣＦ、Ｆｌｔ－３Ｌｉｇａｎｄ（ＦＬ）与ＩＬ－１β、ＩＬ－３、ＩＬ－６、Ｇ－ＣＳＦ、Ｅｐｏ（合称１３６ＧＥ）组成的３组细胞因子（Ａ组：１３６ＧＥ＋ＦＬ;Ｂ组：ＳＣＦ＋１３６ＧＥ;Ｃ组：ＦＬ＋ＳＣＦ＋１３     

人胎盘组织来源造血干/祖细胞及其特性

背景:近年来的研究表明,除已知的人骨髓、外周血和脐带血中存在造血干/祖细胞外,人胎盘组织中也有造血干/祖细胞存在.目前为止,还缺乏对人胎盘组织造血干/祖细胞的增殖分化特性及人胎盘组织淋巴细胞亚群组成和免疫原性等的深入研究.目的:探究人胎盘组织是否含有比脐带血更丰富的造血干/祖细胞,并对其造血祖细胞系增殖分化能力进行检测,同时对人胎盘组织淋巴细胞亚群组成及表型特征进行分析.设计、时间及地点:开放性实验,于2004-01/2006-12在贵州省细胞工程重点实验室完成.材料:经产妇知情同意,无菌采集遵义医学院附属医院产科健康足月分娩新生儿胎盘和脐带血共12份.淋巴细胞亚群检测试剂盒,CD34绝对计数试剂盒(Becton Dickinson公司):CD34磁珠分选试剂盒,FITC标记的CD38单克隆抗体,抗FITC磁珠和MS/LS免疫磁式细胞分选柱(Miltenyi Biotec).方法:脐带血与RPMI-1640培养基(含体积分数为0.1的胎牛血清)按1:1的比例混合,采用Ficoll-Histopaque分离液离心30min,吸取界面层细胞,PBS洗涤一次,获得脐带血单个核细胞.采用机械法加0.25g/L胶原酶消化制备胎盘组织单个细胞悬液,之后同脐带血单个核细胞分离步骤分离胎盘单个核细胞.流式细胞仪检测胎盘单个核细胞中CD34 CD38-, CD34 CD38 造血干/祖细胞(HSPCs)和淋巴细胞亚群的组成比例.免疫磁珠分选法分选人胎盘CD34 CD38-,CD34 D38 造血干/祖细胞,并分别进行粒细胞-单核细胞集落生成单位、红细胞爆裂型集落生成单位、混合集落生成单位系集落形成培养,以评价其造血祖细胞系增殖分化能力.实验全程用脐带血作平行比较分析.主要观察指标:胎盘和脐带血CD34 造血干/祖细胞组成百分率、祖细胞系集落形成能力、淋巴细胞亚群表型及组成特点.结果:[1]胎盘CD34 造血干/祖细胞百分率是脐带血的8.8倍,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).[2]胎盘中的淋巴细胞总数、T细胞(CD3 CD2 )、B细胞(CD19 )、Th(CD3 CD4 )细胞及Th/Ts比值均明显低于脐带血,而CD8 CD28-T抑制细胞则明显高于脐带血,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).[3]胎盘CD34 CD38 造血干/祖细胞亚群培养形成的粒细胞-单核细胞集落生成单位、红细胞爆裂型集落生成单位、混合集落生成单位集落数明显高于CD34 CD38-造血干/祖细胞亚群(P<0.01);胎盘与脐带血造血干/祖细胞中相同表型细胞亚群形成的各系集落数比较,差异无显著性意义(P0.05).结论:人胎盘组织富含CD34 造血干/祖细胞,其CD34 CD38 、CD34 CD38-两个造血干/祖细胞亚群均具有增殖分化为粒细胞-单核细胞集落生成单位、红细胞爆裂型集落生成单位、混合集落生成单位的能力,并且人胎盘组织具有淋巴细胞亚群低比例和抑制性T细胞高比例的特点,使其有望成为造血干/祖细胞移植的新来源.     

Hematopoietic stem cells from poor and good mobilizers are qualitatively equivalent

BACKGROUND: Marrow damage from chemo‐ and radiation therapies has been suggested to affect quality and quantity of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) products. We tested the hypothesis that CD34+ cells (HSCs) from low mobilizers are qualitatively inferior to HSCs from high mobilizers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: HSC quality was defined by proportion of primitive HSC subsets (CD34+CD38?, CD34+HLA‐DR?, and CD34+ in G0 stage of cell cycle), the proportion of HSCs that express CXCR4 and CD26 homing proteins, and days to neutrophil and platelet (PLT) engraftments after transplant. HSC content and CD34 subsets analyses were performed using flow cytometry following the ISHAGE protocol. We evaluated the HSC quantity and quality of 139 autologous filgrastim‐mobilized HSC products. Patients were categorized into low, moderate, and high mobilizers if their total HSC collection was less than 3 × 10⁶, 3 × 10⁶ or more and less than 5 × 10⁶, and 5 × 10⁶/kg or more, respectively. RESULTS: The median number of primitive CD34 subsets increases with increasing HSC numbers and this association was significant (p = 0.001). However, when the ratios of the primitive CD34 subsets to total HSC counts were compared among the mobilization groups, the ratios were not significantly different. Coexpression of neither CD26 nor CXCR4 with CD34 antigen correlated with HSC mobilization. Evaluation of days to neutrophil engraftment among the mobilization groups did not show a significant difference (p = 0.1). However, days to PLT engraftment among the mobilization groups was significantly different (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The quality of HSCs from low mobilizers was comparable to HSCs from high mobilizers.     

人脐血及骨髓淋巴细胞免疫表型的比较及其意义

为比较脐血和骨髓淋巴细胞及祖细胞分化抗原，通过流式细胞术（FCM）双标法对38份脐血及10份骨髓免疫细胞表型进行了分析研究。研究发现：（1）脐血及骨髓淋巴细胞中均测到稚淋巴细胞（CD3^-CD4^ )，且前中含量较多，但脐血细胞毒T细胞含量（CTL，CD3^ CD16^ 56^ )低于骨髓；（2）脐血中NK细胞（CD3^-CD16^ 56^ )比例高于骨髓；（3）脐血有核细胞中CD34^ 细胞的比值接近于骨髓，但脐血CD34^ 细胞中髓系祖细胞（CD34^ CD13^ ,CD34^ HLA-DR^ )及淋巴系祖细胞（CD34^ CD19^ )含量均低于骨髓，结论：（1）脐血免疫细胞具有不成熟性，这估计是脐血移植后GVHD程度轻的主要原因；（2）脐血淋巴细胞中NK细胞含量较高，推测脐血移植后移植物抗白血病效应（GVL）并不会降低；（3）脐血CD34^ 细胞中髓系祖细胞及淋巴系祖细胞比例均低于骨髓，可能是脐血移植后造血及免疫重建速度较慢的原因之一。     

Ex vivo expansion of CD34+ umbilical cord blood cells in a defined serum-free medium (QBSF-60) with early effect cytokines

To investigate the clinically applicable conditions that support substantial expansion of both primitive and more mature hematopoietic cells of umbilical cord blood (UCB) for transplantation in adults, enriched CD34+ cells from 8 fresh UCB samples and 4 expanded UCB products were cultured in defined serum-free medium (QBSF-60) in the presence of a cytokine combination of SCF, Flt-3-ligand (FL), thrombopoietin (TPO), IL-3 for up to 2 weeks. Fresh medium with cytokines was supplemented or exchanged at day 4, day 7, and day 10. The proliferative response was assessed at day 7, day 10, and day 14 by evaluating the following parameters: nucleated cell (NC), clonogenic progenitors (colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM], burst-forming unit-erythrocyte [BFU-E], CFU-GEMM, and high-proliferative potential colony-forming cell [HPP-CFC]), immunophenotypes (CD34+ cells and CD34+ subpopulations), and LTCIC. Simultaneously numerical expansion of various stem/progenitor cells, including primitive CD34+CD38-HLA-DR- subpopulation and LTCIC, CD34+ cells, and clonogenic progenitors to mature nucleated cells, were continuously observed during the culture. An average 103.32 +/- 71.37 x 10(6) CD34+ cells (range 10.12 x 10(6)-317.9 x 10(6)) could be obtained from initial 1.72 +/- 1.13 x 10(6) UCB CD34+ cells after 10-14 days cultured under the described conditions. Sufficient CD34+ cells (>50.0 x 10(6)) for transplantation in adults would be available in all but one UCB collections after 10-14 days expansion. The expanded CD34+ cells sustained most of the in vitro characteristics of initial unmanipulated CD34+ cells, including clonogenic efficiency (of both primitive and committed progenitors), the proportion of CD34+CD38-HLA-DR- subpopulation, and the expansion potential. Initial addition of IL-3 to the cocktail of SCF + FL + TPO had positive effects on the expansion of both primitive and, especially, the more mature hematopoietic cells. It accelerated the expansion speed and shortened the optimal culture time from 14 days to 10 days. These results indicated that our proposed short-term culture system, consisting of QBSF-60 serum-free medium with a simple early acting cytokine combination of SCF + FL + TPO, could substantially support simultaneous expansion of various stem/progenitor cell populations involved in the different phases of engraftment. It would be a clinically applicable protocol for ex vivo expansion of CD34+ UCB cells.     

人脐血CD34+CD38-细胞免疫表型和染色体核型特征分析

目的 分离脐血干／祖细胞(CD34^ CD38)进行体外长期培养，观察分析其增殖、细胞表面分子标志和染色体核型的特征。方法 用流式细胞仪分选CD34-FITC和CD38-PE标记的CD34^ CD38脐血原始细胞，在含细胞生长因子IL-3、IL-6、GM-CSF、EPO、SCF和胰岛素样生长因子的干细胞培养基中培养6个月，用流式细胞术检测体外培养30d的干／祖细胞表面标记，并用G显带方法分析其染色体核型。结果 在一定培养条件下，经7～12d培养，脐血干／祖细胞(CD34^ CD38)开始增殖。培养6个月后，每孔接种1个细胞，细胞数增殖至250～350个；每孔接种10个细胞，细胞数可增殖至400～500个。每孔接种1个细胞其细胞增殖峰持续时间(8～9代)比接种10个细胞(6～7代)长：经体外长期培养增殖，细胞仍强烈显示十／祖细胞表面分子标记(CD34^ CD38^-)；细胞染色体数目、结构未见异常。结论 脐血干／祖细胞(CD34^ CD38^ )经体外特异性培养增殖，可为大量脐血干／祖细胞移植提供细胞来源。     

Cesarean section due to fetal distress increases the number of stem cells in umbilical cord blood

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) can be used as hematopoietic stem cell source for transplantation. The success of a transplantation is highly correlated with the number of total nucleated cells (TNCs) and CD34+ cells in the UCB. Certain obstetric factors increase the yield of stem cells in the UCB. It is necessary to evaluate optimal conditions in labor to decrease the rate of sample rejection due to low cell count. No data exist regarding the difference between primary and secondary Cesarean sections in terms of efficacy of stem cell harvesting. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive UCB units from women who had a Cesarean section between 1997 and 2003 were included. The number of TNCs, CD34+ cells, colony-forming units (CFUs), white blood cells (WBCs), nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), and the total collection volume were compared between cases with primary and secondary Cesarean section. RESULTS: UCB obtained after a Cesarean section due to fetal distress has significantly higher numbers of TNCs, CD34+ cells, NRBCs, and WBCs compared to elective Cesarean section. Of the cases with secondary Cesarean section due to fetal distress, 67 percent resulted in UCB units with sufficient TNC numbers (> or =80 x 10(7) TNCs) compared to 42 percent of the cases with primary Cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Fetal distress increases the number of hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into UCB. Particular effort should be made to collect UCB from newborns who experienced fetal distress.     

人胎儿血造血干/祖细胞的生物学特性及其移植实验

背景:造血干细胞来源目前包括骨髓干细胞、外周血干细胞和脐带血干细胞,寻找新的干细胞来源以满足临床移植需要一直是人们的希望。从妊娠第5周起,肝脏中发育成完善的血窦系统,此后造血干细胞就可以随血液流动迁移。目的:观察人胎儿血造血干/祖细胞的生物学特性并对其进行非肥胖糖尿病/重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠移植。设计:对照实验。单位:广西医科大学第一附属医院血液科。对象:①细胞来源:21例胎儿血标本取自胎龄为18～29周[(24.2±3.2)周]死亡胎儿及21例足月脐带血标本取自广西医科大学第一附属医院产科2002-10/2003-02。所取的血标本均取得其家属的知情同意。②实验动物:非肥胖糖尿病/重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠12只,6～7周龄,雌性,无菌饲养于超净工作台中。方法:采用流式细胞术,检测胎儿血的造血干/祖细胞表面标志,包括CD34,CD38,HLA-DR及CD90,同时与21例足月儿脐血作比较。并将人胎血单个核细胞移植给6只经亚致死量照射的非肥胖糖尿病/重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠,5周后观察其植入情况,采用流式细胞术检测小鼠骨髓中人白细胞的含量,以及采用聚合酶链反应检测小鼠骨髓中的人Cart-1基因。主要观察指标:①胎血和脐血造血干/祖细胞表面标志的表达情况。②将胎血细胞移植给非肥胖糖尿病/重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠的植入情况。结果:①人胎血中CD34 细胞的百分率显著高于足月脐血[(2.2588±0.7209)%,(1.5729±0.4783)%,P=0.0004],CD34 CD38-细胞和CD34 CD90 细胞的百分率也均显著高于足月脐血[(1.2986±0.4706)%,(0.8710±0.4095)%,P=0.0016;(0.9300±0.4692)%,(0.5600±0.3658)%,P=0.0324]。②6例胎血中的4例可顺利重建经亚致死量照射的非肥胖糖尿病/重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠的造血,移植后5周在小鼠骨髓中仍可检测到人的白细胞和人Cart-1基因。结论:人胎儿血中有比足月脐血更高含量的造血干/祖细胞,其单个核细胞能植入非肥胖糖尿病/重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠骨髓,并重建髓、淋巴系全面造血。胎儿血有望成为多能造血干细胞来源。     

Competitive repopulation assay of two gene-marked cord blood units in NOD/SCID/gammac(null) mice.

In multiunit cord blood transplantation, hematopoietic stem cells from each unrelated cord blood (UCB) unit competitively reconstitute the hematopoietic system in a recipient. To evaluate the fate of the progeny of each UCB unit and to determine the effects of graft-versus-graft reaction, we established a novel competitive repopulation assay using NOD/SCID/gammac(null) mice in which human T lymphocytes develop from CD34+ cells. CD34+ cells from each UCB unit were labeled with recombinant lentivirus vectors carrying genes encoding either enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP). Hematopoietic chimerism composed of both EGFP+ and EYFP+ cells was stably maintained up to 6 months after transplantation with purified CD34+ cells; the ratio of EGFP+ to EYFP+ cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow posttransplantation was equivalent to the ratio of these cells at transplantation. However, when mononuclear cells from two UCB units were cotransplanted with CD34+ cells, engraftment was highly competitive, with cells from only one or the other of the two UCB units surviving. Further subfractionations of mononuclear cells indicate that the skewed chimerism that is often observed in clinical multiunit cord blood transplantation may be mediated by the cooperation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The assay established here will be a useful tool for analyzing hematopoietic reconstitution in clinical multiunit cord blood transplantation.     

间充质干细胞与人脐血CD34+细胞共移植对NOD/SCID小鼠造血重建的影响

目的 观察间充质干细胞(MSC)与不同比例脐血CD34+细胞共移植对NOD/SCID小鼠造血重建的影响,明确MSC与脐血CD34+细胞共移植的最适数量.方法 给60Coγ射线照射的雌性NOD/SCID小鼠共移植人MSC和不同比例的脐血CD34+细胞,观察共移植后42 d内小鼠外周血白细胞和血小板变化,并于移植后42 d处死小鼠,用流式细胞术检测外周血、骨髓和脾脏人源细胞含量.结果 与单纯脐血CD34+细胞移植相比较:①脐血CD34+细胞与1、5和10倍数量的MSC共移植时,可明显减轻外周血白细胞和皿小板的下降幅度(P<0.01),提前1周使白细胞和血小板恢复至正常水平(P<0.05),三组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②MSC与不同比例的脐血CD34+细胞共移植均可明显提高外周血、骨髓和脾脏造血细胞植入率.比例为10:1时,外周血、骨髓和脾脏中的人源细胞(huCD45+细胞)含量分别增加了(2.8±0.6)倍、(3.5±0.9)倍和(5.2±0.6)倍,增加倍数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),达到了最佳的植入效果.结论 脐血CD34+细胞与10倍数量的MSC共移植可达到最佳的促进造血重建作用.     

双份脐血间CD34^＋细胞与CD3^＋细胞相互作用对分化增殖能力的影响

目的双份脐血移植的植入动力学机制目前尚无定论,推测双份脐血中的淋巴细胞与优势份脐血的产生相关。本实验将双份脐血的CD34^＋细胞与CD3^＋细胞混合培养,观察CD3^＋细胞对CD34^＋细胞的增殖分化有无影响。方法建立液体和半固体培养体系,将免疫磁珠分选纯化的双份脐血间的CD34^＋细胞和CD3^＋细胞混合培养6d和14d。以流式细胞计数观测CD34^＋细胞培养后的分化指标（CD33,CD41,CD71）;计数集落形成单位（GM—CFU、BFU-E、GEMM—CFU）分析CD34^＋细胞的增殖情况。结果液体共培养后各份CD34^＋细胞表面分化指标的变化。脐血CD34^＋细胞分选富集的纯度为（98．70±0．72）％。3d实验组和对照组的各项分化指标无差异（P〉0．05）;6d的CD33、CD71实验组明显低于对照组,而CD41明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。半固体共培养后CD34^＋细胞增殖能力的变化。实验组的红系集落形成单位（BFU—E）及粒单细胞集落形成单位（GM—CFU）数低于对照组（P〈0．05）,而混合细胞集落形成数（GEMM—CFU）高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论将两份脐血的CD34^＋细胞和CD3^＋细胞体外混合培养对CD34^＋细胞的增殖分化能力有影响,推测双份脐血间的相互作用可部分地通过CD3^＋细胞介导。     

610例急性髓系白血病免疫表型和白血病相关免疫表型分析

目的探讨急性髓系白血病（AML）患者免疫表型和白血病相关的免疫表型（LAIP）特征及在微量残留病（MRD）检测中的意义。方法采用CD45／SSC设门四色流式细胞术，检测610例AML患者和20名健康志愿者下列抗原的表达：CD7、CDll7、CD33、CD34、CDl0、CDl9、CD56、CD38、CDl3、CDl4、CD64、CD9、CDl6、CD2、CD5、CDllb、CDl23、HIA-DR。结果正常骨髓中CD34^＋和CDll7^＋SSC值低（SSC^low）的细胞比例分别为（0．35±0，15）％和（0．76±0．31）％。CD34^＋SSC^low细胞中绝大多数细胞共表达CDl3、CD33、CD38、CDll7、HLA-DR（84％～94％）。CD9和CDl5的相对比例为20％和33％，而CDllb、CD56、CDl9和CD64的相对比例均低于10％，CD7为12％。CDll7^＋SSC^low细胞中，CDl9^＋、CD11b^＋、CD56^＋和CD7^＋细胞相对比例低于10％，CD9^＋细胞为14％，CD38^＋和HIA-DR^＋细胞的相对比例为87％和91％，其余抗原（CDl5、CDl3、CD33、CD34）均在30％～50％。AML患者中CDll7、CD38表达率约为95％，CD33、CD9表达率约为84％。HLA-DR和CDl3表达率分别为77．23％和75．25％。CD64和CD34的表达率分别为64．41％和59．51％。CDl5表达率为43．06％，CDllb表达率为22，07％。86．39％的AML患者LAIP阳性，以AML-M1和M3最高，AML-M4E0最低。LAIP主要表现为交叉系列抗原表达和非同期共抗原表达，前者以CD34与CD7、CDl9、CD56同时阳性为主。在非同期抗原表达中，CD34^＋CD64^＋、CDll7^＋CDllb^＋、CDll7^＋CD38^-/dim、CDll7^＋HLA-DR-／^dim正常值在0．01％左右，与AML之间的对数差大于3，为灵敏度较高的LAIP。结论多参数流式细胞术适于80％以上AML患者MRD检测。     

治疗用脐血干细胞的制备及初步临床应用

目的制备满足临床干细胞治疗需要的脐带血干细胞制剂,观察脐血干细胞局部移植治疗肝硬化失代偿和股骨头坏死的初步临床疗效。方法建立标准化操作规程(SOP),进行脐带血的采集、分离和检测,制备脐带血干细胞制剂进行局部移植。选择进行局部移植干细胞制剂治疗的相关疾病患者共11例,其中肝硬化9例、股骨头缺血坏死2例;年龄30—65岁,平均51岁,男9例,女2例。结果制备的脐带血干细胞制剂有核细胞计数达(3.8±1.73)×109个,均达到治疗剂量,其中CD34+细胞比率为(1.93±0.54)%,CD105+细胞比率为(97.9±4.0)%。肝硬化失代偿期患者治疗后白蛋白水平逐步升高,1个月后与治疗前相比有明显升高(P<0.05)。肝硬化和股骨头缺血坏死患者经治疗后临床症状均有好转。结论脐带血干细胞移植可为临床多种疾病的有效治疗提供一种新手段。     

供者特征对脐带血造血功能的影响

目的 分析可能影响脐带血造血功能的供者特征.方法 对广州脐带血库1998年6月至2008年12月保存的4 358份脐带血的供者特征(包括母亲年龄、分娩方式、妊娠期、婴儿体重、婴儿性别)和脐带血采集量及造血功能的指标(包括总有核细胞数、CD34+细胞、干细胞集落等)进行相关性分析.结果 婴儿体重、分娩方式及婴儿性别是影响脐带血采集量、总有核细胞数、CD34+细胞数、CFUs及CFU-GM的主要因素.随着婴儿体重的增加,脐带血采集量、总有核细胞数、CD34+细胞数、CFUs、CFU-GM均呈上升趋势(P=0.000).阴道分娩时脐带血的采集量虽然低于刮宫产(P=0.000),但总有核细胞数、CD34+细胞数、CFUs,CFU-GM均高于剖宫产(P=0.000).女婴脐带血中总有核细胞数含量高于男婴(P=0.000),但脐带血采集量(P=0.000)、CD34+细胞数(P=0.002)均低于男婴.随着妊娠期的延长,脐带血中总有核细胞数增加(P=0.000),但CD34+细胞数减少(P=0.001).结论 某些脐带血供者特征对脐带血造血功能指标有积极影响.     

Cryopreservation and long-term liquid nitrogen storage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for flow cytometry analysis: effects on cell subset proportions and fluorescence intensity

The effect of cryopreservation and long-term liquid nitrogen storage on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets was prospectively analyzed using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Brief cryopreservation did not significantly alter the proportion of positively stained cells for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD16+, and CD19+ cells. A small but statistically significant increase in the proportion of positive cells was observed for HLA-DR+ and HLe-1+ cells. Brief cryopreservation was associated with a decrease in the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values for CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells; an increase in MFI values for CD14+ and HLA-DR+ cells; and no change for CD16+, CD19+, and HLe-1+ cells. There was no significant change in the proportion of CD3+, CD4+, or CD16+ cells during 20 months of storage in liquid nitrogen. Small but statistically significant decreases in the proportion of CD8+ and CD19+ cells were observed over the same interval, and the proportion of CD14+ cells (monocytes) was highly variable. Chronologic changes in fluorescence intensity during long-term storage were observed for all cell subsets except CD16+ and CD19+ cells. Cryopreservation is a valuable technique for long-term storage of viable cells. For many laboratory applications, the small changes noted in the present study will have no practical importance. However, for clinical and epidemiological investigations encompassing large numbers of samples, statistical techniques to adjust for small changes during storage should be considered.     

Current and historical perspectives on methodological flaws in processing umbilical cord blood

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC‐CD34+) are valuable for treating malignant or nonmalignant disease. Processing UCB by HESPAN‐6% and anti‐CD34‐Miltenyi particles provides insufficient cells for treating adults. Physicochemical‐electrokinetic studies on UCB‐mononuclear cells (MNCs) under conditions of delayed processing, ice or very low temperatures, and some cell separation media identified artifacts introduced by procedures. Adsorption of biomaterials from cell damage by temperature, degradation products after using enzymes, harsh reagents, dithiothreitol, and HESPAN affect cell properties and distribution. Miltenyi particles internalized by cells could release iron that accumulating in liver or spleen would then risk toxicity. Summary topics included the effects of temperature, HESPAN (fast sedimenting agent), glycoproteases, DNase, and dithiothreitol risk affecting cell receptors in recognition, “homing,” leading to possible unintended iatrogenic bioeffects should such cells be transfused into humans. The loss of undetectable and uncaptured low CD34 antigen–bearing cells by Miltenyi particles seems to occur when the current methods of isolation of CD34+ cells and other cells are critically assessed. The purpose here is to highlight and suggest avoiding the procedural flaws involved. Preventing ice temperatures avoids ice‐damaged platelets releasing biomaterials that are adsorbed on cells altering UBC‐MNCs/HSC properties and cell loss. Omitting the positive selection with antibody‐linked Miltenyi particles obviates the use of harsh reagents to release the cells. Internalized Miltenyi particles are a toxicity hazard that needs investigations. Achieving approximately 5% yields of CD34+ cells (153 × 10⁵/110 mL cord‐placenta blood) is a major advance holding great promise, for the first time increasing the prospect of stem cell therapy of 70‐kg adults, using a single UCB donation (with dose of 1.5 × 10⁵ cells/kg) and considerably cheaper cultured red blood cells manufacture (multiple packs/2 × 10¹²).