醋酸棉酚——PVP固体分散体研究及体外杀精子活性的观察

本文对溶剂法制备醋酸棉酚—PVP固体分散体作了改进。以二氯甲烷为溶剂在45℃常压下完成,结果与Waller方法一致,并具有更大的安全性。经溶出实验筛选确定以1∶7醋酸棉酚—PVP配比可比Waller等人的1∶4配比提高药物溶出速率8倍,不同比例的固体分散体释药曲线均服从Q—t~(1/2)规律,且速度常数随固体分散体中PVP比例增加而线性递增。利用X射线衍射和~1HNMR研究了固体分散机制,认为是形成了间充型固体溶液,且PVP与醋酸棉酚之间有氢键结合。1∶7棉酚—PVP抑动精子实验结果表明10~(-3)M(0.052%)时20秒钟可抑制全部精子的向前运动。棉酚和醋酸棉酚结果一致,无统计学差异。PVP与生理盐水结果一致,表明PVP本身无抑制精子运动作用。     

Soluplus®、PVP VA64为载体的氟苯尼考固体分散体的制备及体外评价

目的 采用新型载体材料Soluplus^®和PVP VA64制备氟苯尼考固体分散体,以增加其溶解度及体外溶出度。方法 应用溶解度参数法初步预测药物与载体材料的相容性,进一步采用溶剂蒸发法制备氟苯尼考-Soluplus^®和氟苯尼考-PVP VA64固体分散体,并采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、X-射线粉末衍射法（XPRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）对所得固体分散体进行表征,且与PVP K30进行比较。以溶解度和体外溶出度为评价指标,对不同载体制备的氟苯尼考固体分散体进行比较。结果 DSC、XPRD和FTIR结果表明,不同高分子材料制得的氟苯尼考固体分散体中药物均呈无定型状态;几种载体材料均能增加氟苯尼考的溶解度及溶出速率,增溶效果为PVP VA64>PVP K30>Soluplus^®,其中PVP VA64固体分散体的溶解度增加最为显著,25℃在标准硬水、自来水、纯化水中的溶解度约为原料药的3倍,且自来水中5 min时累积溶出率可达88.23%,为氟苯尼考原料药的20.56倍。结论 采用溶剂蒸发法制备氟苯尼考-PVP VA64固体分散体可以显著提高药物的溶解度及体外溶出度。     

大黄游离蒽醌固体分散体的制备及溶出研究

目的以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)为载体,采用溶剂熔融法制备大黄游离蒽醌(FAQR)的固体分散体,提高其水溶性。方法将1∶2、1∶4、1∶8、1:12比例的FAQR和PVP加入适量无水乙醇溶解,减压除去乙醇,迅速冷却制备固体分散体,并比较各样品在水中的溶解性。结果采用溶剂熔融法制备的FAQR∶PVP(1∶4)固体分散体的溶解度为FAQR的3.6倍,T50缩短58.86%。结论采用溶剂熔融法制备FAQR∶PVP(1∶4)固体分散体能有效提高FAQR的水溶性。     

丹皮酚固体分散体的制备和表征

以共聚维酮(Plasdone S630)和聚维酮(PVP K30)为载体,采用溶剂蒸发法制备丹皮酚(1)固体分散体,并用偏光显微镜、X射线粉末衍射法、差示扫描量热和热重分析法进行表征,结果证实当1与载体比例为1∶3和1∶5时形成了固体分散体,药物以无定形或分子状态存在。2种载体制备的固体分散体均能提高1在模拟胃液和模拟肠液中的溶解度。考察了1与载体比例均为1∶3的2种固体分散体在40℃及25℃(相对湿度60%)下放置30 d的稳定性。结果表明,以PVP K30为载体的固体分散体的稳定性优于以Plasdone S630为载体的产品。     

卡维地洛固体分散体的初步研制

目的:制备卡维地洛固体分散体并考察其体外溶出度。方法:以聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的混合物(2∶1、1∶2)为载体,采用溶剂熔融法和共沉淀法制备载体与药物不同比例的固体分散体并比较其体外溶出度。结果:药物溶出度随载体比例增加而增加;载体与药物比例越小,固体分散体与药物原料粉之间溶出度差异越显著;PEG∶PVP(1∶2)所制分散体体外溶出行为较优,以3、10、30、60min时溶出百分率进行比较,固体分散体是药物原料粉的3～8倍。结论:所制卡维地洛固体分散体能增加药物体外溶出度。     

普罗布考固体分散体的制备及体内评价

普罗布考分别以PEG6000、PEG12000和PVP为载体,以不同配比、采用溶剂-熔融法或溶剂法制备固体分散体。结果表明,以PVP为载体制备的固体分散体(药物-PVP,1∶5)体外溶出效果较好,并进行了家兔体内生物利用度试验和大鼠在体肠回流试验。计算得固体分散体对原药的相对生物利用度约558%,其肠吸收与原药有显著差异(P<0.05)。     

阿西美辛固体分散体的制备和溶出度测定

目的:利用固体分散技术制备阿西美辛固体分散体,增加其溶解度和溶出速度.方法:以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)、聚乙二醇-12000(PEG-12000)为载体,溶剂法和溶剂熔融法制成阿西美辛固体分散体,并进行体外溶出度研究.结果:载体比例越大,药物溶出越快;且载体比例越小,差异越显著.载体为PVP所制固体分散体的体外溶出总体优于载体为PEG-6000和PEG-12000的固体分散体.结论:固体分散体能加速阿西美辛体外溶出.     

磷脂固体分散体对槲皮素溶出促进作用的研究

目的研究磷脂固体分散体对槲皮素溶出的促进作用。方法用溶剂法制备了不同比例的槲皮素的磷脂固体分散体 ,与其相应的物理混合物及槲皮素的PVP或PEG4 0 0 0 (1∶1)固体分散体并进行了溶出的对比研究。结果所制得固体分散体均可改善槲皮素的溶出 ,而质量比为 1∶1的槲皮素 磷脂固体分散体的溶出促进作用最为显著。DSC和X射线粉末衍射的研究表明 ,在质量比为1∶1的槲皮素 磷脂固体分散体中 ,槲皮素以无定形的状态分散于载体磷脂中 ,其熔点吸热峰消失。结论槲皮素溶出度的增大与其无定形的存在状态、磷脂对其的润湿作用以及磷脂在水中可形成脂质体有关     

甘草黄酮固体分散体的制备及体外溶出性能考察

目的:制备甘草黄酮(LF)-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP K30)固体分散体,并对其进行表征及体外释药性能考察。方法:分别以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP K30)、聚乙二醇(PEG 4000、 PEG 6000)、泊洛沙姆188(F68)以及胶态二氧化硅(SiO2)为载体,采用溶剂法或溶剂熔融法制备固体分散体,考察其体外释药性能,并利用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对固体分散体的结构特征进行表征。结果:以PVP K30为载体制备的固体分散体的体外溶出率优于其他载体制备的固体分散体,且以药物-载体比例1∶5时溶出度最佳。经DSC和FT-IR结果表明,固体分散体中的药物以无定形状态存在。结论:固体分散体技术能显著提高甘草黄酮的体外溶出度。     

混合溶剂对喷雾干燥制备伊曲康唑固体分散体物理性质的影响

目的 研究二氯甲烷-乙醇混合溶剂组分比对喷雾干燥制备伊曲康唑固体分散体物理性质的影响。方法 采用HPLC测定室温下伊曲康唑在不同体积比的二氯甲烷-乙醇混合溶剂中的平衡溶解度。以PVP VA64为载体,体积比分别为100：0、90：10、70：30、50：50的二氯甲烷-乙醇混合液为溶剂,采用喷雾干燥法制备伊曲康唑固体分散体,通过扫描电镜、差示扫描量热法、接触角测定仪和体外溶出试验对制得的固体分散体进行表征。采用差示扫描量热法考察固体分散体在90℃放置48,96,192 h后的物理稳定性。结果 伊曲康唑溶解度的大小取决于二氯甲烷-乙醇混合溶剂的组成,在不同体积比的二氯甲烷-乙醇混合溶剂中的溶解度差别很大。喷雾干燥制得的4种伊曲康唑固体分散体均为无定形固体分散体,具有单一的玻璃化转变温度、不同的形态和润湿性。体外溶出试验表明相对于原料药,制备得到的4种伊曲康唑固体分散体溶出速率显著提高。90℃高温加速稳定性试验放置后的固体分散体显示不同的物理稳定性。结论 二氯甲烷-乙醇混合溶剂组分比会对喷雾干燥制备伊曲康唑固体分散体的物理性质产生显著影响,其原因是由于伊曲康唑在混合溶剂中的溶解度差异会导致药物沉淀析出的时间不同,并进一步影响药物在固体分散体中的分布行为和物理稳定性。     

酮洛芬-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮固体分散物的制备及其体外溶出度的研究

目的提高难溶性药物酮洛芬体外溶出速度。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)为载体,制备药物与载体不同比例的固体分散物及物理混合物,采用X射线衍射和红外吸收方法,比较二者及药物的结晶形态,并进行体外药物溶出度的测定。结果固体分散物体外溶出速率明显高于物理混合物及酮洛芬原料的体外溶出速度,且随载体比例增加而增大。固体分散物的X射线衍射及红外吸收图谱确定了酮洛芬以无定形态分散在载体中,放置6个月后,固体分散物X射线衍射图谱没有明显变化。结论药物与载体以合适比例制备的固体分散物可以明显提高药物体外溶出速度。     

Preparation, characterization and in vitro dissolution of aceclofenac-loaded PVP solid dispersions prepared by spray drying or rotary evaporation method

This study was conducted to enhance dissolution rate of aceclofenac (ACF) with extremely low solubility and high permeability (BCS class II) in water using poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium lauryl sulfate as carriers. Solid dispersions were prepared by spray drying method and rotary evaporation method using different ratios of ACF and polymers. The characterization of solid dispersions was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometer. The dissolution behavior of solid dispersions was compared with pure ACF (API) and Airtal^® (Deawoong, Co, Korea) as control groups in simulated phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. The dissolution rate of the drug was affected by nature and amount of polymer used. The prepared solid dispersion of ACF/PVP (1:5) appeared to have the highest dissolution rate. Therefore, solid dispersion techniques of spray drying and rotary evaporation method can be successfully used for the enhancement of the dissolution rate of ACF.     

依普黄酮固体分散体的制备和溶出特性(英文)

目的:制备和鉴定依普黄酮固体分散体,测定它的体外溶出度。方法:用溶剂法制备依普黄酮固体分散体,用DSC,X衍射和红外光谱鉴定固体分散体,浆法测定它的溶出度。结果:由依普黄酮和聚维酮(1:8)组成的固体分散体,其体外溶出度是依普黄酮的6.15倍,DSC曲线,X衍射图谱和红外光谱均产生了明显变化。结论:依普黄酮被制成固体分散体能明显增加依普黄酮的体外溶出度。     

依普黄酮固体分散的制备和溶出特性

AIM: To prepare and identify ipriflavone (IP) solid dispersion, and determine its dissolution property. METHODS: The solvent method was used for preparation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrophotometry for identification of IP solid dispersion. The dissolution of the dispersion was determined with paddle method. RESULTS: The dissolution of IP solid dispersion consisting of IP and povidone-k30 (PVP) (1:8) in artificial gastric juice is 6.15 times as high as that of IP alone. The DSC curves, X-ray diffraction patterns and infrared spectrophotometries of IP have been changed obviously by the dispersion. CONCLUSION: The dissolution of IP is increased by solid dispersion method.     

Preparation, dissolution and characterization of albendazole solid dispersions

In this study, solid dispersion systems of the sparingly water soluble drug, albendazole (ABZ), were mixed with varying concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K 12) in an attempt to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of ABZ. Physical characteristics were investigated by Powder X-ray diffraction. As expected, the albendazole dissolution rate, expressed as the dissolution efficiency, and also the solubility coefficient were increased when albendazole was mixed with PVP. An increase in the concentration of the polymer in the solid dispersion produced an increase in both parameters. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the solid dispersion presented an amorphous form of albendazole in this coprecipitate system.     

Physicochemical properties of tadalafil solid dispersions – Impact of polymer on the apparent solubility and dissolution rate of tadalafil

To improve solubility of tadalafil (Td), a poorly soluble drug substance (3 μg/ml) belonging to the II class of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, its six different solid dispersions (1:1, w/w) in the following polymers: HPMC, MC, PVP, PVP-VA, Kollicoat IR and Soluplus were successfully produced by freeze-drying. Scanning electron microscopy showed a morphological structure of solid dispersions typical of lyophilisates. Apparent solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate studies revealed the greatest, a 16-fold, increase in drug solubility (50 μg/ml) and a significant, 20-fold, dissolution rate enhancement for the Td/PVP-VA solid dispersion in comparison with crystalline Td. However, the longest duration of the supersaturation state in water (27 μg/ml) over 24 h was observed for the Td solid dispersion in HPMC. The improved dissolution of Td from Td/PVP-VA was confirmed in the standard dissolution test of capsules filled with solid dispersions. Powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis showed the amorphous nature of these binary systems and indicated the existence of dispersion at the molecular level and its supersaturated character, respectively. Nevertheless, as evidenced by film casting, the greatest ability to dissolve Td in polymer was determined for PVP-VA. The crystallization tendency of Td dispersed in Kollicoat IR could be explained by the low T_g (113 °C) of the solid dispersion and the highest difference in Hansen solubility parameters (6.8 MPa^0.5) between Td and the polymer, although this relationship was not satisfied for the partially crystalline dispersion in PVP. Similarly, no correlation was found between the strength of hydrogen bonds investigated using infrared spectroscopy and the physical stability of solid dispersions or the level of supersaturation in aqueous solution.     

Development of raloxifene-solid dispersion with improved oral bioavailability via spray-drying technique

The purpose of this study was to develop a raloxifene-loaded solid dispersion with enhanced dissolution rate and bioavailability via spray-drying technique. Solid dispersions of raloxifene (RXF) were prepared with PVP K30 at weight ratios of 1:4, 1:6 and 1:8 using a spray-drying method, and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and solubility and dissolution tests. The bioavailability of the solid dispersion in rats was also evaluated compared to those of RXF powder and commercial product. Results showed that the RXF-loaded solid dispersion was in amorphous form with increased solubility and dissolution rate. The absorption of RXF from solid dispersion resulted in approximately 2.6-fold enhanced bioavailability compared to pure drug. Moreover, RXF-loaded solid dispersion gave similar AUC, C_max and T_max values to the commercial product, suggesting that it was bioequivalent to the commercial product in rats. These findings suggest that an amorphous solid dispersion of RXF could be a viable option for enhancing the oral bioavailability of RXF.     

Studies on Flash Evaporation for Preparation of Porous Solid Dispersions Using Piroxicam as a Model Drug

An amalgamation of solid dispersion and capillarity has been attempted in present study for enhancement of dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Flash evaporation technique was utilized for enhancement of the dissolution rate of piroxicam. One of the major problems with this drug is its very low solubility in biological fluids, which results in poor bioavailability after oral administration. An attempt was made to enhance the dissolution rate of piroxicam by converting it into porous solid dispersion by flash evaporation method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 40,000 as a water-soluble carrier. The resulting solid dispersions were characterized by DSC, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction. In vitro dissolution study revealed significant improvement of dissolution profile of piroxicam. The release of drug from porous solid dispersions containing PVP was superior to those of marketed product, conventional nonporous solid dispersion prepared by solvent evaporation method and drug alone. The steep increase in dissolution rate of porous form is attributable to combined effect of solid dispersion and capillarity.     

复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体的制备及评价

目的：制备复合载体齐墩果酸固体分散体,提高齐墩果酸的溶出度。方法：采用溶剂法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP VA64）和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物（Soluplus）为复合载体,制备齐墩果酸固体分散体,以累积溶出度为评价指标,考察不同载体比例,药物与载体比例,筛选最佳工艺。通过差式扫描量热法（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、粉末X 射线衍射（XRPD）等技术手段对其表征,并考察其溶出度。结果：Soluplus和PVP VA64复合载体比例为3∶2,药物与载体比例为1∶7,制备固体分散体,在45 min时累积溶出度为92.43%,DSC、SEM、XRPD、FTIR等表征结果显示药物以无定形状态存在于固体分散体中,且药物与载体之间存在氢键相互作用。结论：Soluplus和PVP VA64作为复合载体材料,联合应用可显著提高齐墩果酸的体外溶出度。     

熔融法制备卡马西平-烟酰胺共结晶固体分散体

目的联用共结晶和固体分散技术,提高卡马西平的体外溶出度。方法以PVP VA64为载体,采用熔融法制备卡马西平-烟酰胺共结晶固体分散体。进行体外溶出实验,并采用粉末X射线衍射和差示扫描量热法鉴别卡马西平和烟酰胺在载体中的分散状态。结果卡马西平和烟酰胺结合形成共结晶后以无定形态或分子态分散在载体中,而在卡马西平固体分散体中,药物和载体形成低共融物,以微晶状态分散。卡马西平-烟酰胺共结晶固体分散体的体外溶出结果优于卡马西平固体分散体。结论共结晶固体分散体显著提高了药物的体外溶出度。