肉豆蔻挥发油体外抗病原微生物活性研究

目的 探讨肉豆蔻挥发油体外抗病原微生物活性。方法 采用琼脂平板2倍稀释法测定肉豆蔻挥发油对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等16种67株临床分离菌和白假丝酵母菌14株、非白假丝酵母菌1株临床分离真菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）;单因素方差分析法比较肉豆蔻挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、白假丝酵母菌、大肠埃希菌、洛菲不动杆菌与肺炎克雷伯菌等不同种属真菌和细菌的抑菌活性。结果 肉豆蔻挥发油除对铜绿假单胞菌抑菌活性相对较低（MIC为4.25~8.50 mg/mL）外,对其余受试细菌有较强的抑菌活性（MIC为0.07~1.06 mg/mL）;肉豆蔻挥发油对白假丝酵母菌和非白假丝酵母菌均有较强的抗真菌活性,MIC分别为0.07~0.53mg/mL和0.07mg/mL。统计分析表明,肉豆蔻挥发油对白假丝酵母菌的MIC明显低于对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC（P〈0.01）,对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌活性明显强于对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的抑菌活性（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,对其它种属细菌之间的抑菌活性差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 肉豆蔻挥发油具有较强的抗细菌和抗真菌活性,可用于新型抗菌药物的开发,运用前景广阔。     

海南产新鲜马缨丹花和嫩枝叶挥发油的GC／MS分析

目的：研究海南产新鲜马缨丹Lantana camara L.花和嫩枝叶的挥发油成分。方法：采用挥发 油测定器提取了海南产新鲜马缨丹花和嫩枝叶中的挥发油.并采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术（GC/MS） 对其成分进行了分析,利用计算机谱图检索和峰面积归一化法对马缨丹的挥发性成分进行定性鉴定和 定量分析。结果：海南产新鲜马缨丹花和嫩枝叶的挥发油得率分别为0. 16%和0. 27%,分别鉴定出69 种和85种化合物。结论：马缨丹花和嫩枝叶挥发油的主要成分为倍半萜类,其中大根香叶烯D、a-石竹 烯、斤石竹烯、大根香叶烯B在马缨丹花挥发油中的相对含量分别为23. 889%、18. 763%、8. 568%、 7. 15.1%,在马缨丹嫩枝叶挥发油中的相对含量分别为23.011%、22.052%、8. 704%,6. 253%.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil isolated from the cultured mycelia of Ganoderma japonicum

Objective:To explore a new natural antibiotic. Methods:The chemical composition of the essential oil from Ganoderma japonicum (G. japonicum) mycelia was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against eighteen microorganisms, including bacteria, mildew and yeast by using a disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC) of the essential oil against twelve clinical pathogens were determined. Results:The main components of the oil were nerolidol, decadienal, linaiool and benzyl alcohol. The antimicrobial results indicated that the oil inhibited all the tested bacterium, especially Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in which the antibacterial activity exhibited a MBC of 1.03 mg/ml. Conclusion: The essential oil of G.japonicum mycelium has significant inhibitory activity. It is a potential medicinal resource that can be used as a natural antibiotic.     

Antidiarrheal and antimicrobial profiles extracts of the leaves from Trichilia emetica Vahl.(Meliaceae)

Objective:To evaluate and-diarrhoeal and antimicrobial activities of the bioactive fraction of Trichilia emetica in order to provide a scientific basis for the management of gastroenteritis in Burkina Faso.Methods:To do this,polyphenols content of extract and fractions were investigated.FolinCiocalteu,AlCl_3 methods and tannic acid respectively were used for polyphenols content.The in vivo antidiarrhocal activity was done using Swiss albino mice of both sexes.In vitro antimicrobial activity(disc-diffusion assay,minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum microbicidal concentration or minimal bactericidal concentration) was assessed using seven bacteria strains(Gram-negative and Gram-positive).Results:About our study,it was found that ethyl acetate fraction effective attenuation factior(EAF) elicits the higher total phenolics and total flavonoids contents compared to the extracts of leaves of Trichilici emetica.EAF of Trichilia emetica Vahl..has positive effects in a dose dependent manner against diarrhoea induced by castor oil in experimental mice.The bioactive fraction also showed good antimicrobial activity against all tested Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria strains.It was shown that experimental bacteria strains were more sensitive to the EAF effect compared to the ciprofloxacin.Conclusions:The obtained results allow justifying the traditional uses of Trichilia emetica and possess good antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial activities of EAF from Trichilia emetica.Results of the present study have clearly supported the utilization of Trichilia emetica in Burkina Faso traditional medicine.     

采收时期、部位、干燥方式对海南罗勒精油质量的影响

目的:探讨采收时期、部位以及干燥方式对海南罗勒精油的影响。方法:采摘海南罗勒(Ocimumbasilicum L.)无花鲜叶(嫩)、含花鲜叶(嫩)、全花、全叶、茎;取新鲜罗勒嫩叶,部分经过冻存、50℃低温烘干或自然风干等处理,再用水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,以精油收率对上述处理过程进行评价。利用气相色谱或气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析上述所得的精油,利用正交实验法优选罗勒鲜叶水蒸气蒸馏的最佳工艺。结果:无花嫩叶出油率最低,全花出油率最高,顺序是:全花>全叶>含花鲜叶>无花嫩鲜叶,茎中不含精油。鲜叶低温烘干或自然风干比鲜叶和冻存鲜叶的出油率低,约损失35%。精油中主要的物质为沉香醇(34.4%)、丁香酚(19.0%)、甲基胡椒酚(13.4%)等。丁香罗勒鲜叶剪成5cm长、加入5倍量水和提取3h为水蒸气蒸馏的最佳提取工艺。结论:采收时期、部位、干燥方式对海南罗勒精油的质量产生影响,这些信息可为海南罗勒精油的研究开发提供参考。     

珊瑚菜植株不同器官挥发油成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取珊瑚菜根、叶与果实挥发油并进行气相-质谱联用仪分析,分别鉴定出45、48、34种成分。其中,根部挥发油以萜类、醛酮类和酸类化合物为主,分别占挥发油总量的36.32%、13.43%和13.85%;叶片、果实挥发油以萜类化合物为主,分别占挥发油总量的46.74%、73.34%。为探讨珊瑚菜栽培过程中的生理生态问题及其植物资源的综合开发利用提供参考。     

火麻花和火麻仁化学成分研究

目的 分离并鉴定火麻仁和火麻花的化学成分,进而研究其生物活性。 方法 采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱及HPLC制备的方法进行分离纯化。根据所得化合物的理化性质及波谱数据(¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, HSQC, HMBC等)进行结构鉴定。通过脂多糖(LPS)刺激BV2小胶质细胞神经炎症模型进行化合物抗炎活性筛选,ELISA法检测细胞炎症因子的释放。 结果 从火麻仁中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为一亚油酸甘油酯(1), 棕榈酸单甘油酯(2),4-甲氧基-3H-苯骈呋喃-2-酮(3), 反式对羟基肉桂酸乙酯(4),polybotrin(5);从火麻花中分离鉴定5个化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇(6), 刺槐素(7), cannflavin A(8), 芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(9),山柰酚-3-O-槐糖苷(10)。抗神经炎症生物活性筛选结果表明,化合物8~10对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的BV2小胶质细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)具有抑制作用。 结论 化合物3和5为首次从火麻仁中分离得到,化合物7、9、10为首次从火麻花中分离得到;化合物8~10具有抗神经炎症的潜力。     

Antibacterial activity of the essential oils from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Objective

To examine the in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oil of the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus).

Methods

The essential oils of this plant were obtained by the hydrodistillation method. The inhibitory effects of this essential oil were tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by using agar disc diffusion and dilution broth methods.

Results

The results obtained showed that essential oil of the leaves of E. globulus has antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria (E. coli) as well as gram positive bacteria (S. aureus).

Conclusion

The encouraging results indicate the essential oil of E. globulus leaves might be exploited as natural antibiotic for the treatment of several infectious diseases caused by these two germs, and could be useful in understanding the relations between traditional cures and current medicines.     

Diversity,novelty, antimicrobial activity,and new antibiotics of cultivable endophytic actinobacteria isolated from psammophytes collected from Taklamakan Desert

Three hundred and twenty endophytic actinobacterial strains were isolated from psammophytes collected from Taklamakan Desert and identified. Among them, three strains already had been identified as new species of two genera and sixteen isolates showed relatively low 16S rRNA similarities < 98.6% to validly described species. Seventy-five of the isolates were selected as representative strains to screen antibacterial activity and mechanism. Forty-seven strains showed antagonistic activity against at least one of the indicator bacteria. Two Streptomyces strains produced bioactive compounds inducing DNA damage, and two Streptomyces strains produced bioactive compounds with inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis. Notably, the strain Streptomyces sp. 8P21H-1 that demonstrated both strong antibacterial activity and inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis was prioritized for exploring new antibiotics. Under the strategy of integrating genetics-based discovery program and MS/MS-based molecular networking, two new streptogramin-type antibiotics, i.e., acetyl-griseoviridin and desulphurizing griseoviridin, along with known griseoviridin, were isolated from the culture broth of strain 8P21H-1. Their chemical structures were determined by HR-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. Desulphurizing griseoviridin and griseoviridin exhibited antibacterial activities by inhibiting translation.     

垂盆草挥发油成分研究

目的:对中药垂盆草挥发油成分进行分析.方法:采用GC-MS-PC联用进行分析.结果:从垂盆草中分离得到43个化学组份,鉴定了其中32个.结论:垂盆草挥发油主要成分为脂肪酸及脂肪酮类化合物.     

宽叶金粟兰挥发油的化学成分研究

目的:通过对宽叶金粟兰的地上和地下部分挥发油中化学成分的分析比较研究,为宽叶金粟兰的开发利用提供实验依据。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取宽叶金粟兰不同部位的挥发油,应用气相-质谱联用技术进行分析和鉴定,并用归一法测定各化学成分的相对含量。结果:从宽叶金粟兰的地上部分挥发油中鉴定了45个化合物,地下部分挥发油鉴定了46个化合物,两部分共有的化合物16个,共鉴定了75个化合物。结论:宽叶金粟兰的地上和地下部分挥发油中化学成分相差较大,但主要化学成分都是倍半萜类化合物。     

Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against oral multidrug–resistant Enterococcus faecalis in both planktonic and biofilm state

ObjectiveTo evaluate some essential oils in treatment of intractable oral infections, principally caused by biofilm of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), such as persistent endodontic infections in which their treatment exhibits a real challenge for dentists.MethodsTen chemically analyzed essential oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against sensitive and resistant clinical strains of E. faecalis in both planktonic and biofilm state using two methods, disk diffusion and broth micro-dilution.ResultsStudied essential oils showed a good antimicrobial activity and high ability in E. faecalis biofilm eradication, whether for sensitive or multidrug-resistant strains, especially those of Origanum glandulosum and Thymbra capitata with interesting minimum inhibitory concentration, biofilm inhibitory concentration, and biofilm eradication concentration values which doesn't exceed 0.063%, 0.75%, and 1.5%, respectively.ConclusionsFindings of this study indicate that essential oils extracted from aromatic plants can be used in treatment of intractable oral infections, especially caused by biofilm of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis.     

烈香杜鹃叶挥发油化学成分的GC/MS研究

目的 研究烈香杜鹃Rhododendrron anthopognoids Maxim．叶挥发油化学成分的组成。方法 用水蒸气蒸馏法提取烈香杜鹃叶的挥发油，以气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定其成分。结果 从烈香杜鹃叶挥发油中鉴定了34种成分，占挥发油成分的12％。结论研究了烈香杜鹃叶挥发油的化学组成，对传统中药烈香杜鹃的综合开发利用具有一定的意义。     

微波辅助萃取牡荆挥发油的气相色谱-质谱分析

目的提供一种新型提取牡荆挥发油的方法。方法采用微波辐射法提取牡荆的挥发油，运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索，对其化学成分分别进行分析和鉴定，用面积归一化法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对含量。结果共鉴定出16个化合物，挥发油的主要成分为石竹烯（20．14％）、4-羟基-苯甲酸（21．16％）、桉叶油素（12．79％）。结论通过微波辅助萃取法可以高效提取牡荆挥发油。     

超临界二氧化碳流体萃取三叶青藤挥发油成分分析

目的采用GC—MS法分析三叶青藤挥发油成分,为其质量评价提供科学依据。方法采用二氧化碳超临界萃取法（SFE—CO2）萃取并分离三叶青藤药材中的挥发油,所提取得到的挥发油运用GC—MS进行分析,用面积归一化法确定其相对含量。结果从三叶青藤药材中提取的挥发油经GC—MS分析,共检测到84个色谱峰,通过NIST库检索一共鉴定出39个化合物的具体结构,占所提取的三叶青藤挥发油总量的56．47％（g／g）,其中棕榈酸、十三烷酸、芳樟醇等在该药材挥发油中占的比例较高。结论该方法提取条件优良,初步揭示了该药材挥发性成分,对进一步研究其化学成分打下基础,为药材的质量评价提供科学参考。     

益智仁盐炙前后挥发油的GC-MS分析及抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性测定

目的 对临床治疗老年痴呆方剂中的常用中药益智仁盐炙前后挥发油的化学成分进行比较,并评价其对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的抑制活性。方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法对挥发油化学成分进行分析,利用薄层色谱(TLC)生物自显影技术评价挥发油的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。结果 益智仁经盐炙后,挥发油提取率降低。从益智仁盐炙前后的挥发油中分别鉴定出29种化学成分,其中圆柚酮含量最高,其次为瓦伦亚烯;炮制前后挥发油中四个成分发生了变化:菖蒲烯、喇叭茶醇、氧化石竹烯和香附子烯仅在生益智仁中检出;而桉叶-11烯-1a-醇、9,10-脱氢异长叶烯、古芸烯环氧化物、1R,4R,7R,11R-1,3,4,7-四甲基三环[5.3.1.0(4,11)]-十一-2-烯仅在盐益智仁中检出。盐炙前后益智仁挥发油成分均具有一定的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。结论 益智仁盐炙前后挥发油成分有部分变化,盐炙可除去喇叭茶醇这一潜在的毒性倍半萜类成分;益智仁挥发油的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性可能与其治疗老年痴呆作用密切相关。     

月桂挥发油体外抗病原微生物活性研究

目的 探讨月桂挥发油对临床分离细菌和真菌的体外抗菌活性,为月桂在治疗感染性疾病中的开发与运用奠定基础.方法 采用琼脂平板二倍稀释法测定了月桂挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌共16种65株临床分离细菌、14株白假丝酵母和1株非白假丝酵母临床分离真菌的最低抑菌浓度.用SPSS 17.0软件中单因素方差分析法比较分析了月桂挥发油分别对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、洛菲不动杆菌和白假丝酵母菌共5个不同种属细菌和真菌抑菌活性的强弱.结果 月桂挥发油除对铜绿假单胞菌无明显抗菌活性外,对其余受试细菌均有较强的抗菌活性,MIC为0.27 mg/mL～2.15 mg/mL;月桂挥发油对白假丝酵母菌和非白假丝酵母菌均有较强的抗菌活性,MIC分别为0.07～0.54 mg/mL和0.03 mg/mL;月桂挥发油对白假丝酵母菌和洛菲不动杆菌的抑菌活性明显强于对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌的抑菌活性（P＜0.01）,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌活性比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 月桂挥发油有较强的抗细菌和抗真菌活性,具有用于防治感染性疾病-新型抗菌药物的开发和运用前景.     

八种广东传统汤料干花水提取物的抗菌活性研究

目的了解霸王花等8种广东传统干花水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌等7种常见肠道致病菌的抗菌作用。方法选取霸王花、木棉花、扁豆花、葛花、密蒙花、金银花、槐花及虫草花这8种广东传统干花,分别制成水提取物,采用微量稀释法,测定它们的水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌及表皮葡萄球菌这7种常见的致病菌的抑菌率、最小抑菌浓度及最小杀菌浓度,并对其抗菌活性进行评价。结果 8种干花都具有较强的抗菌能力,且对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌作用强于革兰氏阴性菌,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌能力最强,葛花、密蒙花的抗菌作用次之。而虫草花的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度低于其它干花。虫草花对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为67.5mg/mL。结论虫草花、槐花、金银花等广东传统汤料干花具有一定的抗菌作用。     

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils from five parts of Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)

ObjectiveTo analyze the essential oils from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and fruits of Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri Chinensis).MethodsWe extracted essential oils from different parts of Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri Chinensis) using a steam distillation method. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data were collected in full scan mode (m/z 60–600). Volatile components were identified based on their retention indices and by comparing their mass spectra with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2005 database, assisted by tandem mass spectrometry information. The relative content of each constituent was determined by area normalization.ResultsWe identified 111 components, of which 12 were common to all 5 parts, 30 were found only in roots, 14 were found only in flowers, 6 were found only in leaves, 4 were found only in stems, and 17 were found only in fruits.ConclusionOur results show that the stems, flowers, leaves, and fruits of Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri Chinensis) contain a high concentration of essential oils, and that the exact composition of the essential oils differs among the plant parts. To develop new medicines and make full use of the Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri Chinensis) resource, it is important to characterize the essential oils from different parts of the plant. In future research, it will be important to determine the pharmacological effects of the various components and the essential oil mixtures.     

八角茴香种子和果壳挥发油成分

目的:研究八角茴香不同部位的挥发油化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香的种子和果壳的挥发油,用GC-MS法鉴定挥发油成分。结果:从八角茴香种子挥发油鉴定了33个化学成分,占挥发油的97.77%,得率为5.92%;八角茴香果壳挥发油鉴定了39个化合物,占挥发油的96.08%,得率为5.24%。结论:有22个化学成分是种子和果壳共有的。其中,主要成分是茴香脑、胡椒酚、草蒿脑、2-[2-吡啶基]-环己醇、柠檬烯、芳樟醇和α-香柑油烯等。