槐定碱与TLR4/MD-2阻断剂对LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞TLR4-NF-κB-TNF-α通路的影响

目的:研究槐定碱及TLR4/MD-2阻断剂对LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞TLR4-NF-κB-TNF-α通路的影响,探讨其抗内毒素的药理机制。方法:培养RAW264.7巨噬细胞,分为5组:空白对照组,LPS模型组,槐定碱+LPS组,TLR4/MD-2阻断剂+LPS组,TLR4/MD-2阻断剂+槐定碱+LPS组,各组分别于处理完毕后120 min时收集细胞及细胞培养液。West-ern blot检测TLR4蛋白表达,免疫细胞化学检测NF-κB蛋白的分布与表达,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测NF-κB,TNF-αmRNA表达,放射免疫分析法检测细胞培养液中TNF-α含量。结果:与LPS模型组比较,槐定碱+LPS组TLR4蛋白,NF-κBmRNA与NF-κB入核率,TNF-αmRNA及培养液中TNF-α含量均显著降低(P<0.01);TLR4/MD-2阻断剂+LPS组与TLR4/MD-2阻断剂+槐定碱+LPS组NF-κB mRNA及NF-κB入核率,TNF-αmRNA及培养液中TNF-α含量均低于LPS模型组(P<0.01),接近空白对照组,但2组之间上述各值的差异均无统计学意义。结论:TLR4/MD-2可能是槐定碱作用的靶位之一,槐定碱抑制TLR4-NF-κB-TNF-α通路活化可能是其抗内毒素机制之一。     

制首乌中大黄素对泡沫细胞NF-κB、TNF-α及IL-1β表达的影响

目的探讨大黄素对RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞NF-κB、TNF-α及IL-1β表达的影响。方法选用RAW264.7细胞株作为实验对象,ox-LDL诱导其泡沫化并分为空白组,阳性对照组,激动剂组,阻断剂组,大黄素高、中、低剂量组。采用Real-time PCR法检测NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA的表达。结果与空白组相比,大黄素各剂量组均能影响NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA的表达(P0.01)。结论大黄素可能通过NF-κB信号转导途径调节RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA的表达。     

木瓜三萜对脂多糖诱导下RAW264.7细胞炎症模型细胞因子的影响

目的:研究木瓜三萜对脂多糖诱导下RAW264.7细胞炎症模型细胞因子的影响。方法:用脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞建立细胞炎症模型。MTT法检测不同浓度木瓜三萜对RAW264.7细胞增殖的影响,用Griess法和ELISA法检测上清液中NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-4、IL-10含量,实时定量PCR检测RAW264.7细胞中i NOS、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及IL-4、IL-10 mRNA表达,Western blot检测RAW264.7细胞中磷酸化核因子抑制蛋白-κB(p IκB-α)和核转录因子κB(NF-κB)p65和磷酸化NF-κBp65(p-NF-κBp65)蛋白表达。结果:当木瓜三萜浓度低于25μg/ml时,无论单用木瓜三萜还是与LPS联用均对RAW264.7细胞的生长无明显的影响;但是当木瓜三萜浓度大于50μg/ml时,单用和联用均对RAW264.7细胞生长呈现生长抑制效应;木瓜三萜可显著降低上清液中促炎因子NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量和细胞中i NOS、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达,升高上清液中抗炎因子IL-4、IL-6含量和细胞中IL-4、IL-10 mRNA表达,抑制p IκB-α和p-NF-κBp65蛋白表达。结论:木瓜三萜可通过抑制RAW264.7细胞分泌i NOS、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6等促炎因子,促进其分泌IL-4、IL-10抗炎因子来发挥抗炎作用,其作用机制与抑制IκB-α和NF-κBp65的磷酸化,进而恢复促炎因子和抗炎因子之间的平衡有关。     

槲皮素对LPS诱导小鼠RAW264.7细胞炎症的保护作用

目的研究槲皮素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠RAW264.7细胞炎症的保护作用。方法 CCK-8法检测细胞活力,Griess法检测NO释放,RT-PCR法检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、iNOS、COX-2、MCP-1、TLR2、TLR4、MyD88 mRNA表达,Western blot法检测iNOS、COX-2、TLR4、IκBα、p-IκBα、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果不同浓度(0～50μmol/L)槲皮素对细胞活力无明显影响(P0.05)。与LPS组比较,槲皮素组(25、50μmol/L)显著抑制NO释放(P0.05);槲皮素组(5、15、25μmol/L)显著降低TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、iNOS、COX-2、MCP-1、TLR4、MyD88 mRNA表达和iNOS、COX-2蛋白表达(P0.05,P0.01),并呈浓度依赖性;槲皮素组(25μmol/L)显著下调TLR4、p-IκBα、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达(P0.05),显著上调IκBα蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论槲皮素可抑制LPS诱导小鼠RAW264.7细胞炎症,其机制可能与调节TLR4/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

小钻木脂素类化合物戈米辛R的体外抗炎机制研究

目的 通过脂多糖(LPS)诱导活化小鼠单核巨噬细胞系RAW264.7建立炎症模型,探讨小钻木脂素类化合物戈米辛R对炎症细胞增殖及炎症因子分泌的影响,评价其抗炎活性及机制。方法 采用MTT比色法检测经LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞存活率并计算半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀);采用ELISA法检测细胞上清液TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6等炎症因子含量;利用RT-PCR法检测细胞TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IκB-α、NF-κB p65的mRNA表达量;Western blot法检测细胞IκB-α及NF-κB p65蛋白表达量。结果 与LPS模型组比较,戈米辛R可显著抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞增殖;降低细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6的含量;升高LPS所致降低的IκB-α mRNA的表达量同时降低LPS引起升高的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NF-κB p65的mRNA表达量;升高IκB-α并降低NF-κB p65的蛋白表达量,显示出良好的剂量依赖性,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 戈米辛R可通过抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NF-κB p65的mRNA和NF-κB p65蛋白的表达,增加IκB-α mRNA和IκB-α蛋白的表达,减少致炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的释放,从而发挥显著抗炎活性。     

总丹参酮抑制LPS诱导巨噬细胞炎症反应的作用机制研究

目的:探讨总丹参酮抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症反应的潜在分子机制。方法:MTT检测1、2、4μg/mL总丹参酮对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响;ELISA和qRT-PCR检测1、2、4μg/mL总丹参酮对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞合成分泌细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的影响;Western blot检测1、2、4μg/mL总丹参酮对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞iNOS、COX-2及NF-κB、TLR4/MyD88/TAK1通路蛋白表达影响。结果:不同浓度总丹参酮(1、2、4μg/mL)对RAW264.7细胞活力无明显影响;2、4μg/mL总丹参酮显著抑制了LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞中iNOS、COX-2表达及细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β合成分泌增加,阻断了TLR4/MyD88/TAK1/NF-κB信号传导。结论:总丹参酮能通过阻断TLR4/MyD88/TAK1/NF-κB信号级联反应发挥抗炎作用,提示总丹参酮是一种用于治疗炎性疾病的潜在药物。     

基于NF-κB通路的芒果苷干预脂多糖诱导的细胞炎症作用机制研究

目的研究芒果苷对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7的保护作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW 264.7细胞炎症模型。实验分四步:(1)细胞存活率实验分5组,即:空白组、LPS组、LPS+不同浓度(50、100、150μg/mL)芒果苷组。MTT法检测细胞存活率。(2)一氧化氮(NO)、白介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白介素6(IL-6)分泌实验分6组,即:空白组、LPS组、LPS和不同浓度芒果苷(50、100、150μg/mL)组、LPS+BAY 11-7082[核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制剂]组。Griess法检测NO分泌量,ELISA法检测IL-1β、TNF-α及IL-6分泌量。(3)诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)与环氧化酶-2(COX-2)mRNA及蛋白表达实验分组同细胞存活率实验。实时荧光定量PCR检测iNOS及COX-2 mRNA水平变化,Western blot检测iNOS及COX-2蛋白表达水平。(4)细胞质、细胞核中NF-κB表达实验分3组,即:空白组、LPS组、LPS+150μg/mL(终末浓度)芒果苷共处理组, Western blot检测细胞质、细胞核中NF-κB p65蛋白表达量。结果 (1)与空白组比较,LPS组显著降低RAW264.7细胞存活率(P0.05);与LPS组比较,50～150μg/mL芒果苷预处理对RAW264.7细胞增殖无显著影响(P0.05)。(2)与空白组比较,LPS组NO、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6分泌量显著升高(P0.05);与LPS组比较,除50μg/mL芒果苷预处理组NO、TNF-α分泌量无显著变化外(P0.05),其余各组NO、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6分泌量均显著降低(P0.05)。(3)与空白组比较,LPS组iNOS、COX-2 mRNA及蛋白表达量均显著升高(P0.05);与LPS组比较,50～150μg/mL芒果苷预处理组iNOS、COX-2 mRNA及蛋白表达显著下降(P0.05)。(4)与空白组比较,LPS组细胞质中NF-κB p65蛋白量减少,细胞核中则增多(P0.05);与LPS组比较,150μg/mL芒果苷预处理组细胞质中NF-κB p65蛋白量升高,细胞核中蛋白量减少(P0.05)。结论芒果苷可能通过抑制NF-κB信号通路,而抑制iNOS、COX-2表达及相关炎症因子的分泌,干预LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症。     

四妙丸调控尿酸钠晶体诱导的巨噬细胞表达促炎介质和核因子-κB活化机制研究

目的研究四妙丸对尿酸钠晶体(MSU)诱导的巨噬细胞表达白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响,并从调节核因子κB(NF-κB)活化途径探讨其机制。方法四妙丸与MSU共同作用于RAW264.7细胞24 h。MTT法检测细胞活力,酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养液中IL-1β和TNF-α含量,Western blot法分析细胞内NF-κB抑制蛋白(IκBα)含量,同时分析NF-κB与DNA的结合活性。结果四妙丸显著降低了MSU刺激的RAW264.7细胞培养液中IL-1β和TNF-α含量(P0.05或P0.01);与此同时,四妙丸还明显提高了MSU刺激的RAW264.7细胞内IκBα含量(P0.05或P0.01),并使NF-κB与DNA的结合活性明显降低(P0.05或P0.01)。结论四妙丸可通过抑制MSU诱导的巨噬细胞转录因子NF-κB的活化而降低促炎介质IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。     

毛蕊花苷对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型的作用及其机制研究

目的采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞的炎症模型,考察炎症相关指标,探讨毛蕊花苷的抗炎作用及其机制。方法用MTT比色法检测毛蕊花苷对RAW264.7细胞活性的影响;Griess法检测NO的含量;Westernblotting检测核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)通路相关蛋白的表达,ELISA试剂盒检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的释放,流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)、Ca~(2+)的释放情况。结果毛蕊花苷浓度为20、40、80μmol/L时对RAW264.7细胞没有毒性。不同浓度的毛蕊花苷对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞导致的NO、TNF-α、IL-6的释放,细胞内ROS、NO、Ca~(2+)释放的增加均有很好的抑制效果,对诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、p-IKKα/β、p-p65、p-IκBα蛋白的表达也有抑制作用。结论毛蕊花苷具有明显的抗炎作用,其作用机制是通过抑制NF-κB信号通路而发挥抗炎作用。     

黄芩苷对流感病毒性肺炎小鼠肺组织TLR3/TRIF信号通路的作用

目的探讨黄芩苷是否通过TLR3/TRIF信号传导途径对甲型流感病毒诱导的肺损伤的调节作用。方法用流感病毒亚甲型鼠肺适应株A/FM/1/47(H1N1)复制流感病毒性肺炎小鼠模型,通过不同剂量黄芩苷溶液灌胃治疗后,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定TLR7/TRIF mRNA表达,采用Western blot方法测定肺组织磷酸化NF-κB-65蛋白表达,应用ELISA法检测肺匀浆炎性细胞因子TNF-α及IFN-β的含量。结果甲型流感病毒感染机体后,TLR3及TRIF mRNA表达水平显著升高;磷酸化NF-κB-65蛋白表达水平也显著升高;肺匀浆TNF-α、IFN-β分泌显著升高。经黄芩苷治疗后,黄芩苷750 mg/kg、375mg/kg剂量均能够有效下调TLR3及TRIF mRNA表达(P0.01);降低磷酸化NF-κB-65蛋白表达(P0.01);降低TNF-α的分泌(P0.01)、增强IFN-β的合成(P0.01)。结论黄芩苷可通过调节TLR3/TRIF介导的磷酸化NF-κB的活性而减轻肺组织炎性病理损伤及增强机体的抗病毒能力。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

Antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants involved in popular treatment of mycoses

A survey of medicinal plants used to treat common mycoses was done in the Curituba district, Sergipe State, Brazil. One hundred inhabitants were interviewed by health agents and traditional healers. Four different plants were the most cited (more than 50% of the citations): Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Bumelia sartorum and Hymenea courbaril. The aqueous extracts obtained following traditional methods and using different parts of these plants, were submitted to drop agar diffusion tests for primary antimicrobial screening. Only the water infusion extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis presented a significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Candida guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Fonsecaea pedrosoi, when compared to the antifungal agent amphotericin B. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive extracts was evaluated by the microdilution method. Best activity with a MIC of 6.5 microg/ml for both extracts was observed against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida guilliermondii. Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis extracts presented also low acute toxicity in murine models. The present study validates the folk use of these plant extracts and indicates that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal infections.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.     

Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F,a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Aim of the study

Based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, we developed TZQ-F, a new formula including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance. The study was aimed at fraction preparation and effects of the fractions on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.

Materials and methods

The active fractions were obtained by macroporous resin, ion-exchange resin and polyamide resin column chromatographies. HPLC analyses were used for quality control. In vitro mechanism study included DPPH radical scavenging, AGEs formation inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition and lipase inhibition, and rats on high-fat diet were used for in vivo study.

Results

In vitro mechanism study showed that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo results, histology study demonstrated that TZQ-F alleviated hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet.

Conclusions

TZQ-F possesses the potential regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.     

常用藏药“蒂达”(藏茵陈)基原物种药用合理性及资源利用价值评价

目的:对“蒂达”各品种不同基原植物药用合理性及其资源利用价值作出评价.方法:采用HPLC指纹图谱共有特征峰、结合SPSS聚类分析方法,评价“蒂达”不同品种基原植物的成分组成相似性.结果:“蒂达”不同品种涉及的来源有龙胆科獐牙菜属、花锚属、扁蕾属及肋柱花属共15种1变种33个样品,指纹图谱全谱相似度较差;以10个共有峰成分的相对面积聚类,其基原植物可分别聚为4个组;上述4个属的属间成分组成差异较大;其中獐牙菜属不同种间成分组成变化较大,而其他各属种间成分组成相似度较高.结论:上述龙胆科4属植物均含有具有保肝利胆生物活性的环烯醚萜类、(山)酮类及三萜类成分,藏医学将其归为“蒂达”一类药材使用具有一定的物质基础;鉴于“蒂达”类药材不同基原各品种间在成分组成上差异较大,分别制定各品种的HPLC指纹图谱,是鉴别和控制各品种质量的有效手段,可有效控制各基原品种质量.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

虫草属EST-SSR标记系统的建立研究

目的:通过球孢虫草、蛹虫草EST设计EST-SSR引物,建立虫草属EST-SSR标记系统.方法:从NCBI公共数据库下载获得虫草EST,利用Sequece Seiners 1.2软件去除冗余序列并设计引物,进行PAGE电泳.结果:通过去除EST总序列中低质量的和冗余的序列后,得到全长为2 953 173 bp的4 556条无冗余球孢虫草EST.从中发掘出718个EST-SSR,分布于616条EST中,出现频率是15.8％.平均分布频率是每4 096 bp出现1个,三核苷酸重复序列有419个,是出现最多的重复类型.蛹虫草EST去冗余后得到1 363条无冗余EST,共含有1 117个EST-SSR,出现频率为81.95％,出现最多的重复类型是A核苷酸重复.根据球孢虫草EST-SSR序列,设计合成50对引物,有扩增产物的引物为34对,占总设计引物数的68％.根据蛹虫草EST-SSR,设计合成40对引物,有扩增产物的引物为39对,占总设计引物数的97.5％.基于SSR标记进行聚类分析,7种虫草无性型均能分开,且分为4支.结论:虫草属EST-SSR出现频率较高、类型较丰富、多态性潜能较高,具有较高的利用价值.球孢虫草和蛹虫草EST开发的SSR标记在虫草属有较好的转移性与通用性,可以很好的应用于虫草种间遗传关系的研究.应用虫草物种EST建立分子标记是一条简便而又有效的途径.