Effect of uridine derivatives on myocardial stunning during postischemic reperfusion of rat heart

Uridine and uridine-5’-monophosphate prevent myocardial stunning during postischemic reperfusion of isolated rat heart. Uridine-5’-diphosphate does not prevent postischemic myocardial dysfunction, while uridine-5’-triphosphate aggravates it. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 411–414, October, 2000     

Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation inDrosophila melanogaster

The effect of epithalone on the age-specific time course of lipid peroxidation was studied in inadaptiveDrosophila melanogaster strains. A single dose of epithalone at the larval stage decreased the level of conjugated hydroperoxides and Schiff bases throughout the life span of imago. Strain- and sex-specific differences in the time course of the studied sign are characterized. Translated fromByulleten’s Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 585–588, November, 2000     

Cerebroprotective effects of diquertin and ascorbic acid

Electron microscopy and electrophysiological studies revealed pronounced structural and functional changes in the brain cortex in rats with experimental cerebral ischemia. Repeated administration of diquertin and ascorbic acid significantly attenuates ischemic damage induced by circulatory disturbances. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 543–547, November, 2000     

Allergen-containing drug fromMalassezia SPP. yeast

Malassezia spp. yeast habituating the skin of healthy humans can be a source of allergens for patients with atopic dermatitis. We proposed a method for obtaining allergen-containing preparation by trimming outer cell wall proteins with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The resultant preparation contained 36 and 67 kD proteins known asMalassezia allergens. IgE antibodies to these proteins were detected in the sera of young people with atopic dermatitis. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 548–551, November, 2000     

Changes in agent variability and time course of disease incidence during a year (as exemplified by dysentery)

The vulnerability of epidemic process during the period of minimum annual incidence of the disease is validated. Biological properties ofShigella sonnei are studied and their variability examined using the index for evaluation of the mean number of variations for a sign. Minimum agent heterogeneity coincides with minimum incidence of disease and maximum heterogeneity with its seasonal rises. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 558–560, November, 2000     

Antimutagenic activity of afobazole in various regimens of treatment

The influence of a new 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivative afobazole on cytogenetic effects of dioxidine and cyclophosphamide was studied by counting chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of C57B1/6 mice. Afobazole (1–100 mg/kg perorally) exhibited antimutagenic activity determined by its antioxidant properties. This activity depended on the dose and treatment shedule. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 539–542, November, 2000     

Effect of amitriptyline on daily variations in cell composition of immune organs in rats with experimental desynchronosis

We studied the effects of amitriptyline (preparation stimulating melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland) on daily variations of cell composition in immune organs of Wistar rats with experimental desynchronosis. Amitriptyline administered in the evening restored the daily dynamics of the number of thymus cells. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 589–592, November, 2000     

Ultrastructure ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis inhabiting the soil for a long time

Ultrastructural changes in the population of pathogenicYersinia pseudotuberculosis inhabiting a model soil ecosystem for a long time were studied. Changes in the bacteria were mainly adpative until the 8th month of the experiment, their capacity to binary division was preserved. After 9 months cell structure changed: extracellular amorphous matrix appeared, probably due to increased mucus production. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 561–565, November, 2000     

Pathomorphological characteristics of experimental toxemia induced by thermostableYersinia pseudotuberculosis toxin

Pathogenic properties of thermostable toxin responsible for pathogenicity ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis were experimentally studied. The toxin exerted a pronounced polyorgan cytopathogenic effect with predominating degenerative destructive changes and membranolytic effect on cell ultrastructure of parenchymatous organs. The toxin is believed to be directly involved in the development of typical pathomorphological picture of pseudotuberculosis, which confirms its pathogenetic role. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 593–597, November, 2000     

Quantitative estimation of chromosome aberration frequency in cancer patients induced by endogenous and exogenous factors

In patients with skin melanoma and colon cancer, cell distribution by the number of chromosome aberrations cannot be described by Poisson distribution, but corresponds to a bipopulation model combining the Poisson and geometric distributions. In contrast to the control, in patients with malignant tumors, cells with geometric distribution possess the majority of chromosomal aberrations. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 574–576, November, 2000     

Delayed behavioral effects of β-casomorphin-7 depend on age and gender of albino rat pups

Systemic administration of β-casein heptapeptide β-casomorphin-7 (YPFPGPI, 1 mg/kg daily) to 10–23-day-old albino rat pups produced delayed anxiolytic effects, which were more pronounced in female than in male rats. Experimental findings confirm our assumption on the important role of nutritional opioids in brain development in newborn mammals. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 488–492, November, 2000     

Surface architectonics of peripheral blood erythrocytes in patients with mental diseases

Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated altered surface topography of peripheral erythrocytes in patients with nonpsychotic mental diseases, nonmetabolic mental retardation, and paranoid schizophrenia. Maximum decrease in the number of bioconcave diskocytes and acculation of transitional, prehemolytic, and degenerative forms of erythrocytes were found in schizophrenia. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 429–432, October, 2000     

Effects of ascorbic acid on lipid peroxidation and functional state of neutrophils at the early period after transurethral resection of the prostate

Intravenous infusion of ascorbic acid in single doses of 500 and 1000 mg over 3 days after transurethral resection of the prostate elevated the content of lipid peroxidation products in the blood, increased the sensitivity of neutrophils to prodigiozan, and reduced the risk of infectious and inflammatory complications. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 516–518, November, 2000     

Corrective effect of clotrimazole and β-ionol during exposure to thiophenol

Toxic effect of thiophenol on rats can be prevented by injection of antioxidant β-ionol and clotrimazole, an inductor of phase I and II detoxication enzymes. Both agents increase O-demethylase activity of cytochrome P-450, but do not prevent inhibition of its water-soluble form, and activate cytosol and microsomal glutathione-dependent enzymes. Both agents protected erythrocytes from peroxide damage by thiophenol and simultaneously enhanced its prooxidant effect in the liver. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 555–557, November, 2000     

Effects of β-carotene and aspartame on clustogenic activity of cyclophosphamide and dioxidine in mice

Antimutagenic effects of combination of aspartame (0.4 and 4 mg/kg) and β-carotene (0.15–15 mg/kg) were studied by estimation of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of C57Bl/6 mice. Single and 5-day treatment with this combination decreased the clastogenic effects of dioxidine and cyclophosphamide and produced a more potent and universal antimutagenic effect than its constituents. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 570–573, November, 2000     

Effect of temperature on guinea pig urinary bladder contraction mediated via P2X-receptors

In vitro experiments showed that P2X-receptor agonist α,β-methylene-ATP and electrical field stimulation in the presence of muscarinic and α-adrenoreceptors blockers induced contractile responses of isolated guinea pig bladder, which were more pronounced at 30°C than at 37°C or 42°C. P2x-receptor antagonist pyridoxal-6-phosphate-2′,4′-disulfonic acid, produced a more potent inhibitory effect on contractions induced by electrical field stimulation at 30°C in comparison with that at 37°C or 42°C while the contractions induced by α,β-methylene-ATP were similarly suppressed at all examined temperatures. Translated fromByulleten’s Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 407–410, October, 2000     

Neurochemical characteristics of the effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide in wistar rats with hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system

Quantitative cytochemical assay showed that single injection of delta sleep-inducing peptide increased monoamine oxidase activity (substrates: serotonin and tryptamine) in the caudate and accumbens nuclei and glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the hippocampus of stress-resistant Wistar rats chronically treated with L-DOPA. Enzyme activities in the sensorimotor cortex did not change. Delta sleep-inducing peptide had no effects on acetylcholine esterase and aminopeptides activities in the brain of Wistar rats. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130,No. 11, pp. 537–539, November, 2000     

Clinical and experimental study of antiarrhythmic and antianginal effects of quaternidine

High antiarrhythmic activity of a new Russian antiarrhythmic drug quaternidine in ventricular arrhythmia was studied in 96 coronary patients by Holter monitoring, bicycle ergometry, and echocardiography. The drug had a positive impact on local kinetics in left-ventricular ischemic myocardium and some parameters of bicycle exercise test. The preparation possesses no arrhythmogenic effect. Experiments on 30 random-bred rats showed that the drug reduced the necrotic zone under conditions of experimental coronary occlusion. Experiments on 14 intact cats demonstrated that quaternidine had no effect on coronary bloodflow. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 581–584, November, 2000     

Hormonal function of nonendocrine cells: Role of new biological phenomenon in the regulation of homeostasis

Recent studies revealed a new biological phenomenon: hormone synthesis in nonendocrine cells. Here we review hormone production by 4 types of nonendocrine cells of different origins, localizations, and functions and the role of this biological phenomenon in the maintenance of homeostasis. Our results and published data suggest that hormonal function is a general biological property not specific for only neuroendocrine cells, but rather typical of all living cells independently of their origin and role in the body. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 483–487, November, 2000     

Adrenergic reactivity of visceral veins in hypoxia and hypothermia

Adrenoreactivity of veins in skeletal muscle to norepinephrine decreased, while reactivity of intestinal veins remained virtually unchanged during combined exposure to hypoxia and hypothermia. In skeletal muscles cooling enhanced the direct effect of hypoxia on vascular smooth muscle cells, while in the intestine hypothermia prevented hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction, as it did under normothermic conditions. The results of experiments on the intestine indicated possible protective effect of hypothermia with respect to hypoxia-induced damage, and experimental findings on muscles showed potentiation of the direct effect of oxygen deficiency on venous smooth muscles. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 524–526, November, 2000