脾切除对晚期血吸虫病患者细胞免疫调节失常的…

对３０例巨脾型和１９例已切脾的晚期血吸虫病（晚血）患者及４１例对照人群进行外周血ＮＫ细胞活性、红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率、中性粒细胞吞噬功能和淋巴细胞转化试验测定以检测晚血患者的细胞免疫功能变化及脾切除对其影响。结果显示，晚血巨脾型患者上述免疫功能均明显低于对照人群，切脾患者ＮＫ细胞活性、红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率明显高于巨脾组。晚血患者中性粒细胞吞噬指数及淋巴细胞转化功能已呈抑制，但切脾组与巨脾组之间无     

慢性肝病患者红细胞免疫粘附功能及白细胞介素—2的观察

本文检测了59例慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌病人的红细胞免疫粘附功能、白细胞介素-2及NK细胞活性等变化。结果显示这些患者的红细胞免疫复合物及循环免疫复合物增高,红细胞C_3b受体花环率降低,外周血白细胞介素-2、NK细胞活性及淋巴细胞转换率明显低于正常人,尤以HBV—DNA、HBeAg及HBsAg三者阳性者降低更为显著。提示HBV感染时白细胞介素-2、NK细胞活性等细胞免疫功能下降,以致使机体清除HBV的功能障碍。     

晚期血吸虫病巨脾型患者脾切除后血常规检查结果分析

目的观察晚期日本血吸虫病（晚血）巨脾型患者接受外科脾切除手术治疗后的血常规变化情况,以探讨其脾功能亢进能否得以纠正。方法选取105例晚血脾切除术患者和105例晚血巨脾有手术指征者分别进行血常规检查,对其自细胞、红细胞和血小板数的变化情况进行对比分析。结果接受外科治疗切脾手术者白细胞、红细胞和血小板数分别为5．63±1．82（G／L）、4．17±0．72（T／L）和133±75（G／L）;而晚血巨脾有手术指征者其白细胞、红细胞和血小板数分别为3．73±1．45（G／L）、3．70±0．71（T／L）和71±49（G／L）;差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论晚血巨脾型患者接受外科脾切除治疗后可以纠正脾功能亢进,提高全血细胞数量,有积极临床意义。     

促红细胞生成素对慢性肾功能衰竭患者免疫功能的影响

对３６例慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）患者应用促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）治疗前后检测红细胞免疫功能及中性粒细胞吞噬功能，粘附率，结果发现ＥＰＯ治疗后ＣＲＦ患者红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率、红细胞Ｉｃ花环率、中性粒细胞吞噬功能，粘附率均较治疗前明显升高。认为ＥＰＯ可以明显的改善ＣＲＦ患者的免疫功能。     

急性白血病红细胞C3b受体免疫粘附活性观察及意义探讨

本文测定31例急性白血病患者红细胞膜 C_3b 受体免疫粘附活性,结果表明急白患者红细胞膜 C_3b 受体免疫粘附活性降低,且不受化疗药物影响,并随病情变化而消长。急白患者由于红细胞膜 C_3b 受体活性下降,粘附抗体补体调理的微生物减少,协助清除中性粒细胞吞噬过程中所产生的活性氧代谢产物降低,促进中性粒细胞吞噬微生物的作用减弱。     

肺癌患者红细胞功能的临床研究

对４９例肺患者的红细胞免疫粘附（ＲＣＩＡ）功能，自体红细胞促中性粒细胞吞噬功能，红细胞铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＲＢＣ－ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）活性进行了检测。结果表明：肺癌患者的ＲＣＩＡ功能，红细胞促中性粒细胞吞噬功能明显低于正常对照者及良性肺病患者；癌瘤切除后ＲＣＩＡ功能有所恢复；肺癌患者ＲＢＣ－ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ活性也明显低于正常对照者，并对这些变化及意义进行了分析。     

沙棘果油提高小鼠免疫功能的实验研究

目的观察沙棘果油对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法取健康雄性昆明种小鼠,随机分为空白对照组和3个沙棘果油剂量组,开展刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应实验、血清溶血素测定、抗体生成细胞检测、碳廓清实验、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)活性测定。结果沙棘果油对小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫、单核—巨噬细胞吞噬功能以及NK细胞活性检测结果均为阳性,其中ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验(F=4.011)、迟发型变态反应实验(F=3.396)、血清溶血素测定(F=2.974)、抗体生成细胞检测(F=5.798)、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验(F=2.964)、NK细胞活性测定(F=4.502)差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论沙棘果油可以明显提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

老年糖尿病患者红细胞免疫功能的研究

本文对34例老年糖尿病患者红细胞免疫粘附功能及其调节因子活性进行了测定。结果显示,老年糖尿病患者红细胞C_3b受体花环率较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.01),免疫粘附抑制率明显升高(P<0.01),红细胞C_3b受体花环率降低和免疫粘附抑制率升高与高血糖、高血脂均呈负相关。提示老年糖尿病患者红细胞免疫功能低下,红细胞免疫粘附抑制因子降低,高血糖、高血脂可能是导致红细胞免疫功能低下的重要因素。     

肝炎肝硬变门脉高压症患者脾切除与脾切除后自体脾组织移植的临床对照研究

目的 探讨脾切除／自体脾组织移植在肝硬变门脉高压症治疗中的作用。方法 42例肝炎肝硬变门脉高压症患者行脾切除和贲门周围血管离断术治疗。其中20例同时行自体脾组织移植。观察脾切除组与脾切除自体脾组织移植组手术前后白细胞、血小板、血清免疫球蛋白、补体的含量、NK细胞活性以及T淋巴细胞转化率的变化。结果 两组IgG和IgA术前与术后相比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。移植组术后2周、6月和1年血清IgM水平与脾切除组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；术后3月两组IgM有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。移植组C3术后明显升高，脾切除组C3值术后较术前无明显变化。移植组与脾切除组C3术后3个月至1年有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。脾切除组术后半年NK细胞活性明显低于术前水平，移植组与脾切除组NK细胞术后3个月、6个月、1年与术前有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。移植组与脾切除组T淋巴细胞转化率术后3个月至1年有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论 肝炎肝硬变门脉高压症患者在脾切除／自体脾组织移植术后的免疫功能较非移植组有明显的提高。     

壳聚糖胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究壳聚糖胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法采用133mg/(kg·bw)、267mg/(kg·bw)、800mg/(kg·bw)剂量的壳聚糖胶囊给小鼠经口灌胃30天,进行免疫器官脏器/体重比值测定、血清溶血素测定、抗体生成细胞检测、碳廓清试验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验、NK细胞活性测定、脾淋巴细胞转化试验。结果壳聚糖胶囊能增强小鼠碳廓清的能力,提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率及吞噬指数,促进小鼠脾细胞溶血空斑及血清溶血素的形成,能增强脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力,提高NK细胞的活性。结论壳聚糖胶囊具有增强免疫力的功能。     

Impaired natural killer cell recycling in childhood chronic neutropenia with morphological abnormalities and defective chemotaxis of neutrophils

Natural killer (NK) cell activity was measured by a 51Cr-release assay using K562 target cells in 12 neutropenic children. NK cell activity was depressed in four patients who had childhood chronic neutropenia with abnormal neutrophil morphology and chemotaxis. The percentage of lysis at a 40:1 effector-target ratio was 28.4% to 42.1% (P less than .001) of the normal lymphocyte value during the study period (32 to 40 months). NK cell activity was normal in the other eight children with chronic neutropenia without any of these neutrophil abnormalities: lazy leukocyte syndrome, Shwachman syndrome, or dysgammaglobulinemia type I with neutrophil defects. NK cell activity of the four patients was depressed at 5:1 to 40:1 effector-target ratios. The NK cells responded to in vitro interferon (IFN)-alpha and interleukin 2, as did normal lymphocytes, but the activated levels were still lower than those of normal lymphocytes (P less than .01). Because NK cells kill a target through recognition, binding, killing, and detaching, and they repeat this lytic sequence (ie, recycling), the localization of the NK cell defect was further analyzed in the four patients using both 51Cr- release and single cell-in-agarose assays. The patients' NK cells were normal in recognizing, binding, and killing a target but were defective in recycling; the estimated maximum recycling capacity (MRC) values in a four-hour assay were 1.8 to 2.4 (P less than .01), as compared with the normal lymphocyte value of 5.5 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD). The stimulation of the effector cells with 1,000 U/mL IFN-alpha did not significantly increase the estimated MRC. These results demonstrate that NK cells are defective in recycling in some type of childhood chronic neutropenia with abnormal neutrophil morphology and chemotaxis. The NK cell deficiency is of clinical interest in terms of its relationship to the recurrent infections, development of malignancy, and dysgranulopoiesis in the disorder.     

晚期血吸虫病患者肝脾内T细胞亚群的定位观察

采用免疫组织化学技术检测了22例晚期血吸虫病（下称晚血）患者肝内T细胞亚群，发现T细胞集中分布于虫卵肉芽肿外层，在非肉芽肿部位散在分布于虫卵附近，而广泛纤维化的区域内无T细胞浸润。肉芽辟和非内芽肿部位的T细胞均以CD8 细胞为主。19例患者脾脏内T细胞观察，发现脾脏动脉周围淋巴鞘和边缘区的CD4 细胞百分比和CD4 ／CD8 比值显著降低，CD8 T细胞百分比明显提高，而且由于脾脏纤维化，导致红素区T细胞稀疏，动脉周围淋巴鞘T细胞外移，本文讨论了以上结果在晚血免疫调控中的作用。     

血吸虫病患者吡喹酮治疗后外周血T细胞亚群的检测

应用碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶（ＡＰＡＡＰ）桥联酶标法对１８例慢性血吸虫病（慢血）患者,２２例晚期血吸虫病（晚血）患者进行了吡喹酮治疗前后的外周血Ｔ细胞亚群检测,发现治疗前慢血、晚血ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ８＋百分比均显著升高,与对照组比较有显著性差异。ＣＤ４＋百分比低于对照组,无显著性差异。治疗３个月后检查,两组ＣＤ４＋上升、ＣＤ８＋减少,其百分比基本达到正常水平,ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比值上升高于对照组,有显著性差异。结果提示,吡喹酮治疗血吸虫病可能具有参与免疫调节、增强Ｔ淋巴细胞功能的作用,但不能改善免疫紊乱。     

Elevation of CD16+CD56+ NK-cells and down-regulation of serum interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-1α after splenectomy in relapsed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis of unknown cause

Objectives: Encouraging progress has been made in application of splenectomy in the treatment of relapsed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) of unknown cause. The aim was to determine the roles of lymphocyte subpopulations and inflammatory cytokines in splenectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and levels of inflammatory cytokines at different time-points before and after splenectomy in the patients with relapsed HLH of unknown cause, as well as the correlations between these changes and the disease prognosis.

Results: During the period from June 2006 to June 2016, we enrolled 107 patients with relapsed HLH of unknown cause, of whom 29 were treated with splenectomy. Among the 29 patients, 7 cases were non-Hodgkin lymphomas based on spleen pathology, 1 case withdrew and the remaining 21 non-lymphoma cases were available for analysis. Results showed a significant increase in both percentage of CD16⁺CD56⁺ NK cells (P?=?0.003) and NK cell activity (P?=?0.028) at 24?wk after splenectomy compared to their baseline pre-surgery levels. We also examined seven patients for the changes in cytokine levels before and after splenectomy and found that IL-21 and IL-1α decreased at 4?wk after splenectomy (P?P?=?0.001) compared to the 24 patients with relapsed HLH of unknown cause who were also determined as NR but not treated by splenectomy.

Discussion: Splenectomy can improve clinical symptoms and survival of patients with relapsed HLH of unknown cause. The mechanism is likely related to the changes in percent NK cells and cytokines (IL-21 and IL-1α) after surgery.     

慢性血吸虫病患者周围血淋巴细胞亚群测定的临床意义

本文对３０例慢性血吸虫病患者，１４０例正常人和８２例各型病毒性肝炎患者作周围血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、细胞膜表面免疫球蛋白（ＳｍＩｇ）和Ｅ玫瑰花结形成细胞（ＥＲＦＣ）等检测。其结果表明：（１）慢性血吸虫病患者周围血Ｔ淋巴细胞的总Ｔ细胞（ＯＫＴ３）和辅助Ｔ细胞（ＯＫＴ４）及ＥＲＦＣ均明显低于正常人，而抑制杀伤Ｔ细胞（ＯＫＴ８）和ＳｍＩｇ却明显高于正常人，这可能与血吸虫发育过程中虫源性因子的释放有关。（２）急性和慢性病毒性肝炎患者与正常人比较，除ＥＲＦＣ明显较低外，其周围血ＯＫＴ３，ＯＫＴ４，ＯＫＴ８和ＳｍＩｇ均明显较高。血吸虫病患者和病毒性肝炎患者之间的ＯＫＴ８和ＳｍＩｇ无显著性差异而ＯＫＴ３和ＯＫＴ４则有不同，可能与其免疫病理有关。     

Effect of prolonged modified fasting in obese persons on in vitro markers of immunity: lymphocyte function and serum effects on normal neutrophils

The effects of nutritional manipulation on immune function have been extensively studied in animals, but few studies have examined dietary restriction in humans. Obese patients enrolled in a protein-sparing, calorically restricted diet were monitored over a 3-month period with in vitro examination of mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis. The sera from these patients were evaluated for effects on neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and microbial killing. Significant changes in body weight, triglycerides and glucose occurred during the diet, and most patients exhibited urinary ketosis. The diet was associated with increased blastogenesis in unstimulated cultures and in varicella and candida antigen-stimulated cultures, but blastogenesis was unchanged for phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, SK-SD and histoplasma. In assays of serum effects on neutrophil function, patients with urinary ketosis had depression of chemotaxis and microbial killing but not phagocytosis when compared to baseline or nonketotic patients. This study indicates that long-term caloric restriction is associated with significant effects on in vitro lymphocyte stimulation and with significant serum effects on normal neutrophil function.     

Peripheral blood T and B cell characteristics in a patient with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) maintained in a gnotobiotic environment.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained at 24-30 months after birth from a male with X-linked severe combined immune deficiency maintained in a gnotobiotic environment were characterized by T and B cell surface markers. A high proportion (55-80 percent) of circulating lymphocytes bore surface IgM as detected by direct immunofluorescence. A receptor for the activated C3 complement component was detected on 27-47 percent of his lymphocytes. Only 4-12 percent of the peripheral blood lymphocytes formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E-R). In general, no blastogenesis was detected in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or phytohemagglutinin although transient slightly positive responses to both mitogens were occasionally observed. Incubation of lymphocytes with bovine thymosin Fraction V did not increase the percentage of E-R nor induce lymphocyte blastogenesis in the presence of phytohemagglutinin.     

Study on lymphocyte subsets and NK cell function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

An acquired defect or damage of a subpopulation of suppressor T lymphocytes is reported in connection with autoimmune diseases. In the present study, the role of immunity was examined in 7 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The frequency of lymphocyte subsets using monoclonal antibodies and natural killer (NK) cell activity was evaluated to determine whether DCM patients had lymphocyte abnormalities that would support the hypothesis that the pathological mechanism of DCM is an immune disturbance. The peripheral lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in patients with DCM and higher in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) than in normal controls (NC) (p less than 0.01). The percentage of T cells, B cells, OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells was not statistically different among the three groups studied here, whereas the percentage of T gamma cells was significantly reduced in DCM patients (p less than 0.05). NK cell functional activity as tested in DCM and IHD patients was frequently deficient (22.1 +/- 19.3% in DCM, 13.8 +/- 3.0% in IHD, 37.4 +/- 12.7% in NC). Our results suggest that an imbalance in cellular immune reactions partly explain the pathogenesis of DCM.     

老年人天然杀伤细胞活性及部分T细胞功能的对比观察

近年来,天然杀伤(NK)细胞因其能溶解肿瘤细胞和病毒感染细胞,在免疫网络中起调节作用而受到重视。老年人恶性肿瘤发病率及自身免疫性疾病倾向增高,是老年     

Effects of cyclosporin A upon humoral and cellular immune parameters in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I: a long-term follow-up study

Patients who had been included in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CyA) in producing remissions in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) type I were investigated for humoral and cellular immunologic parameters. Whereas metabolic derangement before the initiation of insulin treatment led to small but significant decreases in the percentage of CD4-positive lymphocytes as well as of the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), the administration of CyA did not influence any of the immunologic parameters tested, which included proliferative lymphocyte responses to mitogens and alloantigens and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A and M. Thus NK cell activity, ADCC as well as the percentage of CD4-positive lymphocytes returned to normal levels in parallel with the normalization of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlc), but were not further influenced in their course by the administration of CyA, as compared with patients receiving placebo. Interferon-induced augmentation of NK cell activity did not differ between patients with IDDM on placebo and those under CyA therapy. All other investigated parameters also remained unchanged during the time of CyA therapy. We conclude that metabolic derangement leads to a reversible disturbance of certain cellular immune functions, but their normalization achieved by insulin treatment and their further course remains uninfluenced by the administration of CyA.