B型利钠肽对严重感染及感染性休克患者的心脏功能及预后的预测作用

目的:观察B型利钠肽(BNP)对严重感染及感染性休克患者心脏功能的评价及其预测预后的作用。方法:前瞻性观察并收集54例严重感染及感染性休克患者入重症加强治疗病房(ICU)24h时的血浆BNP水平、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及28d病死率,用ROC曲线评价血浆BNP水平变化对死亡的预测作用,进一步将存活的患者分为BNP升高组和正常组,比较各观察指标的差异。结果:血浆BNP水平在心功能不全的患者(LVEF692.5pg/mL作为预测死亡的临界点,其敏感度为90.0%、特异度为82.4%。在存活的患者中,BNP升高组的ICU住院天数为(22.7±7.8)d,要明显高于正常组(14.0±5.7)d(P=0.02)。结论:血浆BNP水平可以预测严重感染及感染性休克患者的心脏功能及预后。     

N-末端脑钠肽前体对ICU休克患者的评估价值

目的 探讨N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)对休克患者血流动力学及预后的评估价值.方法 将45例入住中心ICU的休克患者分为心源性休克组和非心源性休克组,根据临床结局分为存活组和死亡组.使用热稀释法计算心脏血流动力学指标.记录患者入选24 h APACHEⅡ评分.采用罗氏Elecsys2010电化学发光分析仪和NT-proBNP诊断试剂盒检测血清NT-proBNP水平.结果 所有患者血清NT-proBNP的中位数水平2987 pg/mL,心源性休克组NT-proBNP明显高于非心源性休克组(P＜0.05),死亡组NT-proBNP明显高于存活组(P＜0.01).NT-proBNP取自然对数后,它与肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)(r=0.134, P＞0.05)和心脏指数(r=0.097 , P＞0.05)均无明显相关性.NT-proBNP是ICU休克患者死亡的独立危险因素(OR值15.8,95%可信区间2.1～132.7,P=0.005).结论 ICU中休克患者NT-proBNP与血流动力学指标均无明显相关性,但它是ICU休克患者死亡的独立危险因素,预测死亡风险的价值优于APACHEⅡ评分,故其定量检测可能对休克患者的预后评价起到一定的作用.     

B型利钠肽对严重感染及感染性休克患者预后的预测作用

目的 评价B型利钠肽(BNP)对严重感染及感染性休克预后的预测作用.方法 观察102例严重感染及感染性休克患者入重症监护病房(ICU)24 h血浆BNP水平、临床及预后相关资料.将患者分为28 d死亡组和存活组,比较其差异性,并用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价BNP水平对死亡的预测作用;进一步将存活患者分为BNP升高组和正常组,比较其差异性.结果 死亡组(39例)患者急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分显著高于存活组[63例,(28.9±5.9)分比(20.2±5.4)分,P<0.013,但两组白细胞计数、血乳酸值则差异无统计学意义.死亡组患者血浆BNP水平[(1 451.3±531.7)ng/L]明显高于存活组((394.55±81.7)ng/L,P<0.01);以血浆BNP水平>681.4 ng/L作为预测死亡的界点,敏感度为91.4%,特异性为80.3%.在存活组患者中,BNP升高组(48例)的ICU住院天数[(23.75±7.5)d]明显长于正常组(15例,(14.9±5.1)d,P<0.053;但两组APACHE 评分则差异无统计学意义.结论 血浆BNP水平可以预测严重感染及感染性休克的预后.     

B型利钠肽对脓毒症患者病情及预后的预测价值

目的:探讨B型利钠肽(BNP)判断脓毒症患者病情及预后的价值。方法:测定并比较2013年3月至2014年6月我科收治的感染性休克组(n=55)和严重脓毒症组(n=70)于入住ICU 0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h的血浆BNP水平;并根据住院28 d死亡情况分为死亡组(n=31)和存活组(n=94),并比较两组血浆BNP水平差异。结果:感染性休克组各时点的血浆BNP水平均显著高于严重脓毒症组(P均0.01);死亡组血浆BNP水平在入ICU的各时点均显著高于存活组(P均0.01);感染性休克组的血浆BNP水平与急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分和序贯器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)均有较好相关性。结论:血浆BNP对脓毒症患者病情严重程度及预后具有判断价值。     

N末端B型利钠肽原对重症监护病房感染性休克患者预后的预测作用

[目的]探讨N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)对重症监护病房感染性休克患者预后的预测作用.[方法]前瞻性记录、观测本院重症监护病房40例感染性休克患者的临床特征,比较不同患者血中NT-proBNP 水平.[结果]40例患者中有18人死亡,死亡组住院24 h时NT-proBNP水平为(240.5±36.7)pg/mL,住院48 h时NT-proBNP水平为(398.6±40.0)pg/mL,与存活组(22例)住院24 h时NT-proBNP水平(149±26.4)pg/mL、住院48 h时NT-proBNP水平(150.1±37.0)pg/mL相比差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).[结论]NT-proBNP能预测重症监护病房感染性休克患者的预后情况.     

脂联素在脓毒症中的变化及与疾病严重程度相关性分析

目的 探讨血浆总脂联素(APN)及高分子脂联素(HAP)在脓毒症中的变化规律、与感染的关系以及对疾病预后的提示意义.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选择2011年6月至11月本院重症监护病房(ICU)脓毒症患者80例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测入ICU 2 h、2d、6d血浆APN水平(总APN及HAP),并测定降钙素原(PCT)、内毒素水平,进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)、简化急性生理学评分Ⅱ(SAPSⅡ)评分,计算胰岛素抵抗指数;并以20例健康志愿者及21例全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者作为对照.结果 脓毒症患者入ICU 2 h血浆总APN(mg/L)及HAP(mg/L)水平较健康对照组和SIRS组显著下降[总APN:2.87 (2.28,3.89)比6.48±1.53、3.72 (2.67,4.59),HAP:2.64( 2.07,3.75)比5.12±1.98、3.33(2.23,4.24),P＜0.05或P＜0.01],且与PCT水平呈显著负相关(r1=-0.559,r2=-0.530,均P＜0.01),与内毒素水平均无相关性;通过偏相关分析校正危重患者胰岛素抵抗对APN水平造成的影响后发现,APN与PCT及内毒素的相关性与未校正前基本相同.一般脓毒症、严重感染、感染性休克组间APN差异存在统计学意义,且与APACHEⅡ、SOFA、SAPSⅡ评分呈显著负相关(总APN r值分别为-0.868、-0.766、-0.725,HAP r值分别为-0.859、-0.715、-0.692,均P＜0.01);脓毒症存活患者(41例)血浆总APN和HAP水平随疾病治愈逐渐升高(x21=34.520,x22=27.802,均P＜0.01),死亡患者(7例)总APN、HAP水平则呈下降趋势(x21=3.938,x22=3.938,均P＞0.05);入ICU 2 h总APN、HAP与ICU住院时间(r1=-0.275,P1=0.014;r2=-0.299,P2=0.007)、机械通气时间(r1=-0.393,r2=-0.519,均P＜0.01)呈显著负相关.结论 血浆总APN及HAP在脓毒症患者中明显下降,与PCT水平呈负相关,对感染有诊断意义,且与脓毒症严重程度有关,可提示预后.     

血浆N末端B型钠尿肽前体对脓毒性休克心肌抑制患者严重程度及预后的预测价值

目的 探讨血浆N末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)对脓毒性休克心肌抑制患者病情严重程度及预后的预测价值.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选择2009年8月至2011年8月入住北京世纪坛医院重症监护病房(ICU)的脓毒性休克患者102例,于入院1、3、5d检测血浆NT-proBNP水平,并记录当日急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA).根据28 d生存情况分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组血浆NT-pro-BNP水平及APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分;根据入院24 h内心排血指数(CI)分为心功能正常组(CI＞50.0 ml·s-1·m-2)和心功能抑制组(CI＜50.0 ml·s-1 ·m-2),比较两组血浆NT-proBNP水平.采用多因素logistic回归分析28 d病死率的独立预测因素.结果 ①死亡组(45例)患者APACHEⅡ评分(分)、SOFA评分(分)及血浆NT-proBNP水平(μg/L)明显高于存活组(57例,1d APACHEⅡ评分:23.8±0.6比14.3 ±0.3;1 d SOFA评分:12.4±3.0比7.7±2.8;NT-proBNP 1 d:4.13±1.05比1.65±0.26,3 d:5.32±0.93比1.87±0.29,5 d:6.90±1.33比1.23±0.19,P＜0.05或P＜0.0I).②心功能抑制组(47例)患者血浆NT-proBNP水平明显高于心功能正常组(55例),且两组内死亡者NT-proBNP水平高于存活者.③多因素logistic回归分析显示,1、3、5 d APACHEⅡ评分和NT-proBNP水平是28 d病死率的独立预测因素(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 动态监测血浆NT-proBNP水平的变化趋势有助于评估脓毒性休克心肌抑制患者的预后及严重程度;NT-proBNP与APACHEⅡ评分同样是预测28 d生存情况的独立指标.     

动态监测感染性休克患者B型钠尿肽的预后评价

目的探讨血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)对感染性休克患者预后评估的意义,并评价BNP与感染性休克时机体血流动力学改变之间的关系。方法选择2015年1月至2016年12月苏北人民医院重症医学科收治的58例行机械通气的感染性休克患者,脉搏指示剂连续心排血量监测仪(PiCCO)持续监测心脏指数(CI)、每搏量指数(SVI)、全心舒张末期容积指数(GEDI)等血流动力学参数。入院后行急性生理学与慢性健康状况(APACHE II)评分和序贯器官衰竭(SOFA)评分,动脉血乳酸、BNP测定。根据患者入院后28天的生存状态分为存活组(36例)和死亡组(22例),比较两组BNP、APACHE II评分、SOFA评分、乳酸与预后进行分析,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评价BNP对感染性休克患者预后的预测价值。结果死亡组入院时BNP水平明显高于存活组(P=0.009)。存活组第1、2、3天血浆BNP水平呈明显的下降趋势;而死亡组患者治疗后BNP水平未见下降,两组BNP水平比较差异有统计学意义。根据ROC曲线分析显示:BNP的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.679(P=0.031),对预后评价的灵敏度和特异度分别为66.7%、76.7%。结论 BNP水平与感染性休克患者病情严重程度及预后相关,BNP可用于感染性休克患者的预后评价。     

重症心衰患者血浆N端脑钠肽前体测定的价值

目的:探讨重症心衰患者血浆N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)与心功能的关系,评价其对死亡的预测价值.方法:入选31例ICU重症心力衰竭患者,测定血浆NT-proBNP水平,同时行心脏彩超及无创血流动力学检查测定心室射血分数(EF)、心脏指数(CI)、左心做功指数(LCWI)、加速指数(ACI)等心功能指标,并将其与NT-proBNP水平行相关性分析.根据28 d预后将入选患者分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组患者的一般情况、NT-proBNP水平、急性生理和慢性健康状况(APACHE Ⅱ)评分等指标的差异,其后以Logistic回归分析确定其中影响28 d预后的独立危险因素,并以ROC曲线评价NT-proBNP水平对重症心衰患者预后的预测作用.结果:CI、LCWI、ACI、EF正常患者组的NT-proBNP水平均低于异常患者组.死亡组血浆NT-proBNP明显高于存活组[(7 056.1±1 354.8) ng/L比(2 516.8±450.9) ng/L,P<0.05],Logistic回归分析显示NT-proBNP水平、APACHE Ⅱ评分、并发严重感染为重症心衰患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素.28 d死亡的ROC曲线分析示NT-proBNP水平曲线下面积为0.759(95%CI 0.584～0.935,P<0.05).结论:重症心衰患者的血浆NT-proBNP水平与传统心功能指标相关,并对预后判断有重要参考价值.     

动脉血乳酸浓度与感染性休克患者的预后关系分析

目的研究动脉血乳酸浓度与感染性休克患者预后的关系。方法将52例感染性休克患者根据预后不同分为存活组和死亡组,比较2组患者动脉血乳酸水平和血气分析检测结果。结果 2组患者入重症监护室(ICU)后动脉血乳酸水平均显著高于正常范围,随着治疗开始逐渐降低;存活组患者入ICU后0、6、12、24及48 h时动脉血乳酸水平均显著低于死亡组;死亡组患者入ICU后48 h时动脉血乳酸水平再次升高;存活组患者6 h乳酸清除率显著高于死亡组。动脉血气分析结果显示,存活组患者的氧分压(PO2)及急性生理和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分显著低于死亡组,而平均动脉压(MAP)显著高于死亡组。结论预后不良的感染性休克患者动脉血乳酸多处于较高水平,入住ICU后6 h的乳酸清除率较低的患者预后也相对更差。     

心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白在脓毒症临床预后的预测价值研究

目的 探讨心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,H-FABP)在脓毒症患者临床预后的预测价值,提高脓毒症患者救治率.方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究,纳入2014年10月至2015年10月就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院脓毒血症患者共50例,根据2012年脓毒症诊疗指南分为脓毒症组(16例)、严重脓毒症组(14例)、脓毒性休克组(20例);根据28 d后是否存活分为死亡组(22例)与存活组(28例).记录性别、年龄、族别等基本资料,入急诊6h内完善急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分,H-FABP,B型脑钠利肽(B-typenatriuretic,BNP)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzymes,CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白(troponin-T,cTn-T)等指标.统计学采用SPSS 21.0软件,计量资料t检验或秩和检验、计数资料采用x2检验,非正态分布资料采用秩合检验,对生存状况进行ROC曲线分析.结果 脓毒性休克组的H-FABP明显高于严重脓毒症组和脓毒症组(P＜0.01).脓毒性休克组28天死亡率(80％)与严重脓毒症组28 d病死率高于脓毒症组28天死亡率(12.5％)(P＜0.01).死亡组H-FABP、BNP、cTn-T、CK、CK-MB均明显高于存活组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对H-FABP和BNP行ROC曲线结果提示H-FABP (AUC=0.748,P=0.003,95％CI:0.605 ～0.890)优于BNP (AUC =0.714,P=0.010,95％ CI:0.573 ～0.856),当H-FABP取 9.902 ng/mL,敏感度82.1％,特异度63.6％.H-FABP对28 d病死率的预测具有一定价值.结论 脓毒性休克组病死率明显高于严重脓毒血症及脓毒症组.H-FABP相比BNP、CK、CK-MB,对脓毒症患者预后具有较大的预测价值,随病情加重而增高.H-FABP可以预测28 d病死率.     

早期乳酸清除率与ICU严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者预后相关性的研究

目的：探讨早期乳酸清除率与ICU严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者预后的相关性。方法：选择2009-01-2012-03入住我院内科ICU的231例严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者,按预后分为生存组（139例）和死亡组（92例）,比较2组患者早期不同时段血乳酸清除率及APACHE Ⅱ评分;比较严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者早期不同时段血乳酸清除率及APACHE Ⅱ评分;早期不同时段乳酸清除率与APACHE Ⅱ评分进行相关回归分析。结果：2组患者入院时血乳酸、入院后6h及12h乳酸清除率、入院后各时段APACHEⅡ评分比较,差异有显著的统计学意义（P〈0.05及〈0.01）,入院后24h、48h和72h乳酸清除率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者入院后6h乳酸清除率的差异也有显著的统计学意义（P〈0.01）;入院后6h和12h乳酸清除率与同时段APACHEⅡ评分存在负性直线相关关系。结论：ICU严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克患者早期（入院后6h和12h）乳酸清除率对于判断其预后具有重要的临床意义。     

血浆脑钠肽对重度脓毒症患者诊断及预后的影响

目的评价血浆脑钠肽（BNP）水平在预测重度脓毒症患者死亡及诊断中的价值。方法重度脓毒症患者41例,非脓毒组（对照组）20例,比较2组BNP水平的变化。根据脓毒症患者是否于28 d内存活将其分为存活组和死亡组,比较患者入院第1天反应蛋白、危重病评分（APACHEⅡ和SOFA）、血浆BNP水平和第3天血浆BNP水平差异。结果脓毒症组患者入院第1d和第3d血浆BNP水平明显高于对照组;死亡组重度脓毒症患者第1天和第3天血浆BNP水平与存活组相比均明显增高;logistic回归分析发现,在年龄、APACHEⅡ、SOFA、CRP及第1天和第3天BNP水平诸因素中,第3天的BNP水平和SOFA评分为预测ICU死亡的独立危险因素。结论绝大多数老年重度脓毒症患者的血浆BNP水平明显升高,BNP可成为预测老年重度脓毒症患者预后和诊断的实验室指标。     

Cell-free plasma DNA as a predictor of outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock

BACKGROUND: Increased concentrations of cell-free DNA have been found in plasma of septic and critically ill patients. We investigated the value of plasma DNA for the prediction of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality and its association with the degree of organ dysfunction and disease severity in patients with severe sepsis. METHODS: We studied 255 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. We obtained blood samples on the day of study inclusion and 72 h later and measured cell-free plasma DNA by real-time quantitative PCR assay for the beta-globin gene. RESULTS: Cell-free plasma DNA concentrations were higher at admission in ICU nonsurvivors than in survivors (median 15 904 vs 7522 genome equivalents [GE]/mL, P < 0.001) and 72 h later (median 15 176 GE/mL vs 6758 GE/mL, P = 0.004). Plasma DNA values were also higher in hospital nonsurvivors than in survivors (P = 0.008 to 0.009). By ROC analysis, plasma DNA concentrations had moderate discriminative power for ICU mortality (AUC 0.70-0.71). In multiple regression analysis, first-day plasma DNA was an independent predictor for ICU mortality (P = 0.005) but not for hospital mortality. Maximum lactate value and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score correlated independently with the first-day plasma DNA in linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Cell-free plasma DNA concentrations were significantly higher in ICU and hospital nonsurvivors than in survivors and showed a moderate discriminative power regarding ICU mortality. Plasma DNA concentration was an independent predictor for ICU mortality, but not for hospital mortality, a finding that decreases its clinical value in severe sepsis and septic shock.     

血浆脑钠肽水平对老年重度脓毒症患者预后的影响

目的 评价血浆脑钠肽(Brain Natriuretic Peptide,BNP)水平预测老年重度脓毒症患者死亡的价值.方法 入选2004年5月至2007年6月在浙江医院重症监护室住院的重度脓毒症老年患者83例,均符合2001年美国胸科医师协会/危重病医学会(ACCP/SCCM)的重度脓毒症诊断标准,排除原有慢性肾功能衰竭患者.根据患者是否于28 d内存活将其分为存活组和死亡组;比较两组患者人院第1天C反应蛋白、危重病评分(APACHEⅡ和SOFA)、血浆BNP水平和第3天血浆BNP水平差异;其后以Logistic回归法分析患者年龄、入住ICU第1天血浆BNP、CRP水平、APACHEⅡ和SOFA评分、第3天血浆BNP水平等变量与患者28天死亡间的关系,同时确定其中预测ICU死亡的独立危险因素.结果 死亡组老年重度脓毒症患者第1天和第3天血浆BNP水平与存活组相比均明显增高,分别为(1056.38+676.34)pg/ml vs.(611.59±610.02)pg/ml,P=0.002和(1448.48±891.11)vs.(522.41±575.20),P<0.001.logistic 回归分析发现,在年龄、APACHEⅡ、SOFA、CRP及第1天和第3天BNP水平诸因素中,第3天的BNP水平和SOFA评分为预测ICU死亡的独立危险因素.BNP水平与28 d死亡率的ROC曲线分析示第1天和第3天BNP水平的曲线面积值分别为0.735(95%CI,0.621～0.848,P<0.001)和0.836(95%CI,0.746～0.926,P<0.001).结论 绝大多数老年重度脓毒症患者的血浆BNP水平明显升高,BNP可成为预测老年重度脓毒症患者预后的实验室指标.     

被动抬腿试验预测严重感染和感染性休克患者的容量反应性

目的 观察被动抬腿试验(PLR)预测严重感染和感染性休克患者容量反应性的价值.方法 采用前瞻性观察性研究方法,选择2009年2月至2010年1月北京大学深圳医院重症监护病房(ICU)的30例严重感染和感染性休克患者.在患者平卧位、PLR期间和扩容后进行血流动力学监测,用超声心排血量监测仪无创监测每搏量(SV)、心排血量(CO)、外周血管阻力(SVR)等血流动力学指标,持续监测有创动脉血压、中心静脉压(CVP).将扩容后SV增加值(△SV)≥15%定义为有容量反应性,用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价PLR预测容量反应性的价值.结果 扩容后有15例患者有容量反应.PLR期间无反应组和有反应组患者CVP(cm H2O,1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)均较平卧位时增加(13.6±6.6比12.1±6.0,11.9±5.5比10.8±5.2,均P＜0.01);有反应组PLR期间△SV明显高于无反应组[(16.6±5.5)%比(3.8±8.2)%,P=0.000];PLR期间△SV与扩容后△SV呈显著正相关(r=0.681,P=0.000);PLR预测容量反应性的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.944±0.039(P=0.000),PLR期间△SV＞11%预测容量反应性的敏感性和特异性分别为86.7%和93.3%,阳性预测率和阴性预测率分别为92.9%和87.5%.结论 PLR能精确预测严重感染和感染性休克患者的容量反应性,可指导临床治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of passive leg raising(PLR)test in predicting volume responsiveness in severe sepsis and septic shock patients. Methods Thirty severe sepsis and septic shock patients in intensive care unit(ICU)of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital were prospectively observed from February 2009 to January 2010. The hemodynamics including stroke volume(SV), cardiac output (CO)and systemic vascular resistance(SVR)were measured non-invasively by ultrasonic cardiac output monitor(USCOM)device in the supine position, during PLR and after volume expansion(VE), and invasive arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure(CVP)were monitored consecutively. Responders were defined by the appearance of an increase in SV(△SV)≥15% after VE. The role of PLR for predicting volume responsiveness was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves. Results The CVP (cm H2O, 1 cm H2O=0. 098 kPa)during PLR was increased compared with that at supine position in both responder group(n= 15)and non-responder group(n= 15, 13. 6± 6. 6 vs. 12. 1 ± 6. 0, 11.9± 5.5 vs.10. 8±5.2, both P＜0. 01). △SV was higher in responder group than in non-responder group during PLR [(16. 6±5.5)% vs.(3. 8±8. 2)%, P=0. 000]. △SV during PLR was highly correlated to △SV after VE (r=0. 681, P=0. 000). The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for PLR predicting volume responsiveness was 0. 944±0. 039(P=0. 000). The △SV＞11% during PLR was found to predict volume responsiveness with a sensitivity of 86. 7%, specificity of 93. 3 %, positive predictive value of 92. 9 % and negative predictive value of 87.5%. Conclusion PLR can be used generally to predict volume responsiveness accurately in severe sepsis and septic shock patients, and it can be used to direct clinical practice.     

Predictive value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in severe sepsis and septic shock

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) on mortality in a large, unselected patient population with severe sepsis and septic shock. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational cohort study about incidence and prognosis of sepsis in 24 intensive care units in Finland (the FINNSEPSIS study). PATIENTS: A total of 254 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. MEASUREMENTS: After informed consent, the blood tests for NT-proBNP analyses were drawn on the day of admission and 72 hrs thereafter. Patients' demographic data were collected, and intensive care unit and hospital mortality and basic hemodynamic and laboratory data were recorded daily. MAIN RESULTS: NT-proBNP levels at admission were significantly higher in hospital nonsurvivors (median, 7908 pg/mL) compared with survivors (median, 3479 pg/mL; p = .002), and the difference remained after 72 hrs (p = .002). The receiver operating characteristic curves of admission and 72-hr NT-proBNP levels for hospital mortality resulted in area under the curve values of 0.631 (95% confidence interval, 0.549-0.712; p = .002) and 0.648 (95% confidence interval, 0.554-0.741; p = .002), respectively. In logistic regression analyses, NT-proBNP values at 72 hrs after inclusion and Simplified Acute Physiology Score for the first 24 hrs were independent predictors of hospital mortality. Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (p < .001), plasma creatinine clearance (p = .001), platelet count (p = .03), and positive blood culture (p = .04) had an independent effect on first-day NT-proBNP values, whereas after 72 hrs, only plasma creatinine clearance (p < .001) was significant in linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION: NT-proBNP values are frequently increased in severe sepsis and septic shock. Values are significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. NT-proBNP on day 3 in the intensive care unit is an independent prognostic marker of mortality in severe sepsis.     

血浆N末端B型钠尿肽前体对重症患者预后的预测价值研究

目的 探讨入重症监护病房(ICU)时血浆N末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-pro-BNP)水平是否是预测重症患者预后的独立因子.方法 采用前瞻性、单中心、观察性研究方法.选择6个月内入本院ICU＞18岁的120例患者,最终有88例患者符合试验要求.血浆NT-pro-BNP样本在进入ICU时收集;计算进入ICU后24 h内急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)的最差值;入ICU后28 d患者生存状态为预测终点.结果 入ICU 28 d死亡35例,病死率为39.8%.88例患者血浆NT-pro-BNP水平(ng/L)为1221.7(78.7～5 500.0),生存组明显低于死亡组[781.8(78.7～5 066.6)比2 774.5(166.8～5 500.0),P＜0.01].男性NT-pro-BNP水平(ng/L)高于女性[1 585.5(103.7～5 100.0)比794.5(78.7～5 500.0),P＜0.05];性别与NT-pro-BNP水平有相关性(r=-0.224,P＜0.05).进入ICU时重度感染患者NT-pro-BNP水平(ng/L)较其他患者更高[3 416.1(103.7～5 100.0)比883.4(78.7～5 500.0),P＜0.01];入ICU时是否存在重度感染与NT-pro-BNP水平有相关性(r=0.285,P＜0.01).NT-pro-BNP和APACHE Ⅱ评分的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积分别为0.734[95%可信区间(95%CI)0.628～0.840]和0.747(95%CI0.637～0.858).Logistic回归分析显示:入ICU时NT-pro-BNP水平＞1 418 ng/L和APACHE Ⅱ评分均可作为28 d生存状态预测的独立因子[相对比值比(OR)5.235,95%CI 1.819～15.071;OR 1.105,95%CI1.819～15.071].以入ICU时NT-pro-BNP最佳临界值1 418 ng/L为分界点进行生存分析,高于此值者生存率比低于此值者低(x2=16.9,P＜0.01).结论 入ICU时血浆NT-pro-BNP＞1 418 ng/L和APACHE Ⅱ评分可作为重症患者短期生存状态的预测因子;NT-pro-BNP值可能用来诊断或者鉴别重度感染患者.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate whether plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP)as measured at admission to intensive care unit(ICU)is an independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients. Methods A prospective observational study of patients in ICU was conducted. One hundred and twenty patients aged＞18 years were included during a 6-month period. Among them 88 patients were enrolled for the study. Plasma NT-pro-BNP samples were obtained at admission to ICU. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score was calculated within 24hours after admission based on the worst values up to that point. The final evaluation was 28-day mortality.Results Thirty-five patients died within 28 days of ICU admission, the mortality was 39. 8%. In 88 patients, the mean plasma NT-pro-BNP levels(ng/L)were 1 221.7(78.7- 5 500.0), and that in survivor group was significantly lower than non-survivor group[781.8(78. 7 - 5 066. 6)vs. 2 774. 5(166.8 - 5 500.0), P＜0.01]. The mean NT-pro-BNP level(ng/L)in male patients was higher than that in females[1 585. 5(103.7 - 5 100. 0)vs. 794. 5(78. 7 - 5 500. 0), P＜0. 05]. There was correlation between gender and NT-pro-BNP levels(r=-0. 224, P＜0. 05). Patients admitted to the ICU because of a severe infection had higher levels of NT-pro-BNP(ng/L)compared with the rest of the cohorts[3 416.1(103. 7 -5 100.0)vs. 883. 4(78. 7 - 5 500. 0), P＜0.01]. There was correlation between severe infection at admission to ICU and NT-pro-BNP levels(r=0. 285, P＜0. 01). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC curves)of NT-pro-BNP and APACHE I score were 0. 734[95% confidence interval(95%CI)0. 628 - 0. 840]and 0. 747(95%CI 0. 637 - 0. 858), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the NT-pro-BNP level ＞ 1 418 ng/L and the APACHE I score were independently associated with 28-day mortality[odds ratio(OR)5.235, 95%CI 1.819- 15.071; OR 1.105, 95%CI 1.819- 15.071]. WithI 418 ng/L of NT-pro-BNP as the cutoff value, survival rate was significantly lower in the patients with higher NT-pro-BNP level as compared with those with lower values at admission(x2= 16.9, P＜0. 01).Conclusion The ICU NT-pro-BNP level higher than 1 418 ng/L and APACHE Ⅱ score at admission are independent prognosis markers of early mortality. NT-pro-BNP might serve as a potent early diagnostic and prognostic marker in critically ill patients.     

Pancreatic stone protein as an early biomarker predicting mortality in a prospective cohort of patients with sepsis requiring ICU management

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein [CRP] and procalcitonin [PCT], are insufficiently sensitive or specific to stratify patients with sepsis. We investigate the prognostic value of pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein (PSP/reg) concentration in patients with severe infections. METHODS: PSP/reg, CRP, PCT, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β), IL-6 and IL-8 were prospectively measured in cohort of patients ≥ 18 years of age with severe sepsis or septic shock within 24 hours of admission in a medico-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a community and referral university hospital, and the ability to predict in-hospital mortality was determined. RESULTS: We evaluated 107 patients, 33 with severe sepsis and 74 with septic shock, with in-hospital mortality rates of 6% (2/33) and 25% (17/74), respectively. Plasma concentrations of PSP/reg (343.5 vs. 73.5 ng/ml, P < 0.001), PCT (39.3 vs. 12.0 ng/ml, P < 0.001), IL-8 (682 vs. 184 ng/ml, P < 0.001) and IL-6 (1955 vs. 544 pg/ml, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with septic shock than with severe sepsis. Of note, median PSP/reg was 13.0 ng/ml (IQR: 4.8) in 20 severely burned patients without infection. The area under the ROC curve for PSP/reg (0.65 [95% CI: 0.51 to 0.80]) was higher than for CRP (0.44 [0.29 to 0.60]), PCT 0.46 [0.29 to 0.61]), IL-8 (0.61 [0.43 to 0.77]) or IL-6 (0.59 [0.44 to 0.75]) in predicting in-hospital mortality. In patients with septic shock, PSP/reg was the only biomarker associated with in-hospital mortality (P = 0.049). Risk of mortality increased continuously for each ascending quartile of PSP/reg. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of PSP/reg concentration within 24 hours of ICU admission may predict in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock, identifying patients who may benefit most from tailored ICU management.