Saponins from Fagonia glutinosa

Twelve triterpenoid saponins, including six new, were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of Fagonia glutinosa. The new saponins were characterised as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-alpha-L - arabinopyranosyl-27-hydroxy oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid, 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->2)][beta- D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)][beta-D- glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ursolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester and 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)]-alpha-L - arabinopyranosyl-27-hydroxy ursolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester. The structures of the saponins were established by spectral and chemical evidences. The assignments of the NMR signals were performed by means of HOHAHA, 1H-1H COSY, ROE, HMQC and HMBC experiments.     

Antibacterial Activity of a Biphenyl and Xanthones from Kielmeyera coriacea

The in vitro antibacterial activities of the biphenyl aucuparin and xanthones, obtained from the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Kielmeyera coriacea (Guttiferae) were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, time-kill studies were performed to determine if aucuparin had bactericidal activity. It is not known whether the aucuparin found in K. coriaceae is due to de novo synthesis in response to diverse forms of stress, is already present in the plant, or is a combination of both. Aucuparin and 1,3,7- trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone showed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 3.12µg/ml and 12.5µg/ml, respectively, and aucuparin against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 12.5µg/ml. In contrast to the relatively low MICs for Grampositive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria tested were not inhibited by aucuparin at concentrations =100µg/ml. The kinetics of bactericidal activity were evaluated against S. aureus at six concentrations of aucuparin (0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4× and 8× the MIC). The rate of bacterial killing was dependent on the concentration of aucuparin, with more than 10 5 organisms/ml being eradicated within 8 h at the highest concentration studied. Bacterial culture was monitored for up to 24 h, and no regrowth was observed.     

Chemical constituents from leaves of Palicourea coriacea (Rubiaceae)

(E)-Methyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate, (E)-methyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate, (E)-methyl-4-hydroxycinnamate, (Z)-methyl-4-hydroxycinnamate, calycanthine, ursolic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and allantoin were isolated from the leaves of Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) K. Schum. The structures were deduced by spectral data analysis and comparison with literature values.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Caltha palustris

Three triterpenoid saponins, hederagenin-3- O-alpha- L-arabinopyranoside, oleanolic acid-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha- L-arabinopyranoside and hederagenin-3- O-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha- L-arabinopyranoside, have been isolated from CALTHA PALUSTRIS (Ranunculaceae). The structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis of the acetates.     

Triterpene Saponins from Xeromphis nilotica

Photo-diode-array detector-assisted RP- and NP-HPLC analysis of a methanol extract of the seeds of Centaurea moschata L. (Compositae) led to the isolation of a novel steroidal glucoside which, on the basis of spectroscopic evidence, was identified as (20 R) -15a-hydroxy-8ß, 9a, 14a, 17a-pregn-4-en-3-one 20- O -ß-D-Glucopyranoside [1].     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Primula denticulata

Two triterpene glycosides denticin ( 1) and denticulatin ( 2) have been isolated from the whole plant of PRIMULA DENTICULATA Sm. and their structures were established by spectral and chemical studies as 3beta-{ O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[ O-beta- D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]- O-(beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[ O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha- L-arabinopyranosyloxy}-16alpha-hydroxy-13beta, 28-epoxyolean-30-al and 3beta-{ O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)- O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[ O-beta- D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]- O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[ O-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyloxy}-16alpha-hydroxy-13beta,28-epoxyolean-30-al, respectively.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Anemone flaccida

From the rhizome of ANEMONE FLACCIDA Fr. Schmidt, used in Chinese folk medicine, four saponins of oleanolic acid-A,B,C,D were isolated. By means of spectroscopy and chemical transformation, saponins A, B, and D were identified as 3- O-[alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha- L-arabinopyrasyl]-oleanolic acid, 3- O-[alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-xylopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid, and 3- O-[alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-glucopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid. These three saponins are known compounds but isolated from ANEMONE plants for the first time. Saponin C was elucidated as 3- O-[beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-xylopyranosy1]-oleanolic acid, which has not been reported in the literature before, and is named as flaccidoside I.     

Two New Saponins from Phytolacca americana

Two new monodesmosidic saponins (Phytolaccosides F and D (2)) have been isolated from the roots of PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA and identified as 3- O-[alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta- D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta- D-xylopyranosyl]phytolaccagenic acid and 3- O-[beta- D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta- D-xylopyranosyl]phytolaccagenic acid, respectively.     

Saponins and hemolytic activity. Saponins and glycosides from five species of Sapindaceae

The haemolytic activity of saponins has been a known phenomenon for many years. In this work, structure-activity relationships were established from various triterpene saponins distinguishing hemolytic activity between mono- and bidesmosidic saponins. Saponins structure in Sapindaceae serve as a chimiotaxonomic criteria for dividing the species into two sub-families. In order to verify this criteria, five species were studied: Smelophyllum capense and Dimocarpus fumatus from the sub-family Sapindoideae, Filicium decipiens, Hippobromus pauciflorus, and Harpullia cupanioides from the sub-family Dodonaeoideae. Structure of eleven new saponins were elucidated from four species by the study of homo- and heteronuclear advanced NMR experiments and MS. Other metabolites were also isolated from Dimocarpus fumatus, including isoprenypchromenes and three new glycosides of long chain fatty alcohols.     

Saponins from the roots ofPulsatilla koreana

From the roots ofPulsatilla koreana, three monodesmosides(pulsatilla saponins A, B and D) and two bisdesmosides(pulsatilla saponins F and H) were isolated. The structure of these saponins have been determined as hederagenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside(A), hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranoside(B), hederagenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside(D), 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (F) and 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(H) on the basis of chemical and spectral studies. Pulsatilla saponin B is the first report of its presence in plants but saponins A, D, F, and H have recently been isolated from the same genusP. cernua.     

Saponins from the fructus ofKochia scoparia

Two new triterpenoidal saponins,B(1) andC(2) were isolated from the fruccus ofKochia scoparia. On the basis of chemico-spectral evidences, the structures of1 and2 were elucidated as oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-olean-12-en-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, respectively.     

Saponins from the seeds of Achras sapota

A new pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin (2) along with one known was isolated from the cotyledons of Achras sapota. Their structures were determined with the help of (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and MS spectral data. The isolated compounds were named as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl protobassic acid (1) and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-16alpha-hydroxy protobassic acid (2). Compound 2 showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria.     

西南忍冬花蕾中的两个新三萜皂苷

从西南忍冬花蕾（Ｌｏｎｉｃｅｒａ ｂｏｕｒｎｅｉ Ｈｅｍｓｌ）中分离得到两个 三萜皂苷,分别命名为西南忍冬皂苷Ａ、西南忍冬皂苷Ｂ。其结构是３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－２３－羟基－羽扇豆烷－２０（２９）－烯－２８－酸－２８－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖酯、３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－２３－羟基－羽扇豆烷－２０（２９）－烯－２８－酸－２８－Ｏ－〔β－Ｏ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→６）－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖〕酯。     

知母中新的皂苷成分

为了进一步研究知母（Ａｎｅｍａｒｒｈｅｎａ ｓａｐｈｏｄｅｌｏｉｄｓ Ｂｇｅ．）中的活性成发,利用硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色等分离手段,首次从知母根茎中分离出４种新的皂苷成分。用化学和光普方法分别确定其结构。依次定名为知母皂苷Ｈ１（１）,知母皂苷Ｈ２（２）,知母皂苷Ｉ１（３）和知母皂苷Ｉ２（４）。     

中药墨旱莲中的三萜皂苷

从中药墨旱莲Eclipta prostrataL．中分离得到5个三萜皂苷,根据理化性质和光谱数据,分别鉴定为eclalbasaponins Ⅱ(1),Ⅰ(2),Ⅲ(3),3-O[β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖]-16R-乙氧基-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4)和3-O[β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖]-刺囊酸-28-Oβ-D-吡喃葡糖苷(5)。化合物4和5为新化合物,分别命名为eclalbasaponins XI和eclalbasaponins XII。化合物1和5具有诱导稻瘟霉菌丝变形活性。