胸水中抗PPD—IgG分泌细胞测定的临床意义

用酶联免疫斑点技术（ＥＬＩＳＰＯＴ）测定胸水中抗ＰＰＤ－ＩｇＧ抗体分泌细胞以研究其对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值，结果表明其敏感性为９０％，特异性为１００％。同时测定胸水中腺苷脱氨酶（ＡＤＡ）活性及抗ＰＰＤ－ＩｇＧ抗体（ＥＬＩＳＡ法）水平，其敏感性，特异性分别为７５％，７９％，４５％及８６％。并将ＥＬＩＳＰＯＴ与其他两种方法比较，实验提示前者对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值较后二者有一定的优越性。     

ELISA法检测胸液抗PPD－IgG对结核性和恶性胸液的鉴别意义

应用酶联免疫吸附分析法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测胸液抗人型结核菌ＰＰＤ抗体ＩｇＧ水平，对结核性胸膜炎诊断的灵敏性８９．０％，特异性９１．５％。提示此法可为与恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的一种辅助检查。     

应用PCR、BA－ELISA早期诊断结核性胸膜炎的临床意义

应用ＰＣＲ检测６４例胸水中结核菌基因组ＤＮＡ，并与ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测胸水中抗ＰＰＤ抗体及细菌学检查相比较。结果：三种方法的敏感性和特异性分别为５６．０％、１００％；６４．０％、８６．７％、１１．０％和１００％。若以ＰＣＲ、ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ任一阳性作为判断标准则敏感性明显提高至８９．０％。认为，ＰＣＲ与ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断结核性胸膜炎具有较高的敏感性，但前者更具早期和特异性并对疾病的疗效和预后有判断意义。     

应用PCR,BA—ELISA早期诊断结核性胸膜炎的临床意义

应用ＰＣＲ检测６４例胸水中结核菌基因组ＤＮＡ，并与ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测胸水中抗ＰＰＤ抗体及细菌学检查相比较。结果：三种方法的敏感性和特异性分别为５６．０％，１００％；６４．０％，８６．７％，１１．０％和１００％。若以ＰＣＲ，ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ任一阳性作为判断标准则敏感明显提高至８９．０％。认为，ＰＣＲ与ＢＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断结核性胸膜炎具有较高的敏感性，但前者更具早期和特异性并对疾病的疗效和预后有判断     

ABC－ELISA法检测脑脊液抗PPD－IgG及其临床意义

用ＡＢＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测５５例结脑和３７例非结脑患者脑脊液抗ＰＰＤ－ＩｇＧ并与ＥＬＩＳＡ法比较。结果两法阳性率分别为９６．４％和８３．６％，ＡＢＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法的敏感性高于ＥＬＩＳＡ法，Ｐ＜０．０５，而两法特异性均为９７．３％。同时检测结脑患者脑脊液和血清抗ＰＰＤ－ＩｇＧ，脑脊液阳性率为９６．４％高于血清阳性率为８５．５％，Ｐ＜０．０５。结果表明本法可为结脑诊断的一种辅助方法。     

ABC—ELISA法检测脑脊液抗PPD—IgG及其临床意义

用ＡＢＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测５５例结脑和３７例非结脑患者脑脊液抗ＰＰＤ－ＩｇＧ并与ＥＬＩＳＡ法比较。结果两法阳性率分别为９６．４％和８３．６％，ＡＢＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法的敏感性高于ＥＬＩＳＡ法，Ｐ＜０．０５，而两法特异性均为９７．３％。同时检测结脑患者脑脊液和血清抗ＰＰＤ－ＩｇＧ，脑脊液阳性率为９６．４％高于血清阳性率为８５．５。结果表明本法可为结脑诊断的一种辅助方法。     

弓形虫病诊断方法的对比研究

应用５种不同方法测定了６例弓形虫病人不同病期的血清标木。用ＩＨＡＴ和ＩＦＡＴ测定抗弓形虫总免疫球蛋白，ＩＨＡＴ在发病后第３周的２份血清标本中有１份已呈阳性，１４～１７周达高峰。滴度升高非常明显；ＩＦＡＴ第３周的标本都呈阳性，１７～２４周达高峰。用ＩｇＧ－ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＩｇＭ－ＥＬＩＳＡ，ＩｇＭ－ＩＦＡＴ分别测定抗弓形虫特异性抗体ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ，ＩｇＧ－ＥＬＩＳＡ从第６周呈阳性，随病情延长，滴度明显升高；ＩｇＭ－ＥＬＩＳＡ两份第３周的标本都呈阳性，至少第１７周仍保持较高水平，其中１人第２４周的标本仍呈阳性；但ＩｇＭ－ＩＦＡＴ仅２例（２／６）呈阳性且滴度不很高，在较短时间内就转阴。结果表明：病人的抗体类型相似；ＩｇＧ－ＥＬＩＳＡ，ＩｇＭ－ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＩＦＡＴ敏感特异，ＩＨＡＴ简便、快速；高滴度特异性ＩｇＧ易掩盖ＩｇＭ－ＩＦＡＴ；ＩｇＭ－ＥＬＩＳＡ可为早期诊断提供依据。     

三种免疫学方法检测抗班氏丝虫IgG的比较

用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ），斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）和斑点免疫金银染色（Ｄｏｔ－ＩＧＳＳ）同步检测５０份班氏微丝蚴血症者血清中抗丝虫ＩｇＧ。ＥＬＩＳＡ，Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｄｏｔ－ＩＧＳＳ检测抗体阳性率分别为８６％（４３／５０），９０％（４５／５０）。ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ联合应用阳性率为９６％（４８／５０）。ＥＬＩＳＡ与Ｄｏｔ－ＩＧＳＳ检测微丝蚴血症者抗体阳性率有     

聚合酶链反应诊断结核性腹膜炎的评价

目的评价聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法对结核性腹膜炎的诊断价值。方法用ＰＣＲ技术检测３０例结核腹水中结核分支杆菌ＤＮＡ，并与腹水涂片抗酸染色及酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测腹水中抗ＰＰＤ抗体进行比较。结果ＰＣＲ的阳性率为６０％，特异性９４．４％；ＥＬＩＳＡ法阳性率６３．３％，特异性７２．２％；涂片镜检均为阴性。结论ＰＣＲ在诊断结核性腹膜炎具有较高的敏感性和特异性，优于ＥＬＩＳＡ法及涂片镜检，如与ＥＬＩＳＡ技术结合可进一步提高检测的敏感性和特异性。     

检测血清中BCG－A_（60）抗体对结核病诊断的临床意义

ＢＣＧ－Ａ＿（６０）是从牛型结核分支杆菌的胞浆中提纯出来的抗原，为了解用聚合酶联免疫（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法检测血清中抗ＢＣＧ－Ａ＿（６０）抗体对结核病诊断的临床意义，对７３４例健康人和非结核病人，以及５６０例结核病患者作了抗ＢＣＧ－Ａ＿（６０）抗体的检测。结果证实，ＥＬＩＳＡ－Ａ＿（６０）·ＩｇＧ诊断结核病的特异性为８９．３％，敏感性为８４．５％，获得较满意的效果，认为可用于临床对结核病的辅助诊断。还发现在活动性原发型肺结核中ＩｇＭ的阳性率明显高于ＩｇＧ。ＩｇＭ除在急性期病例阳性率高外，而且也见于慢性结核病例。这些证明ＩｇＭ的血清学分析在结核病早期诊断中也是一项重要的辅助手段，在诊断结核性脑膜炎，以及肺结核合并其它活动性肺外结核中有补充ＩｇＧ的价值。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.