1998 Quebec Social and Health Survey: determinants of chronic respiratory diseases

In the course of the "1998 Health and Social Survey", questions were included to verify the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases and also of wheezing. The objectives of this study were 1) to verify the prevalence of wheezing and its validity as an indicator of chronic respiratory diseases in Québec; and 2) to examine the relationship between chronic respiratory diseases and some of their potential determinants. A total of 30,386 individuals participated in the study. For all ages, the prevalence of wheezing was 5.4%. It was associated with asthma, allergies, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. A low familial income and tobacco smoking were associated with wheezing, asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Passive smoking was associated with wheezing whereas the presence of carpets was associated with wheezing and asthma. Between 32 and 48% of families with an asthmatic or an allergic member modified their dwelling to alleviate respiratory problems. The prevalence of wheezing documented here was lower than in anglosaxon countries. This result could be explained by a cultural factor (the French translation or the perception of wheezing). This study emphasizes the role of reducing tobacco smoking in the prevention of chronic respiratory diseases.     

Asthma and associated factors in students 13 and 14 years of age in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of asthma and associated factors among students 13 and 14 years of age in S?o Luís, Maranh?o State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the questionnaire developed by ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) and an additional questionnaire from July 2008 to May 2009, including 3,069 adolescents. Asthma prevalence (wheezing in the previous 12 months) was 12.7%, lifetime prevalence was 32.4%, 3.9% reported difficulty speaking due to wheezing, and 9.8% reported wheezing after exercise. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased asthma prevalence were family history of asthma, respiratory infection and wheezing in early life, eczema, allergic rhinitis, and passive smoking. Asthma prevalence was lower than for Brazil as a whole. Factors most strongly associated with asthma prevalence in these adolescents were family history of asthma (PR = 3.86), wheezing in early childhood (PR = 4.58), and allergic rhinitis (PR = 3.21).     

剖宫产可能增加儿童罹患过敏性疾病风险的Meta分析

目的 利用Meta分析方法评价剖宫产与儿童过敏性疾病之间的关系,为儿童过敏性疾病防治提供循证依据。方法 检索五大数据库,最后一次检索时间为2017年9月5日,按照预先设定的标准检索、筛选、纳入和分析文献。采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析,根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型分析并进行亚组分析。结果 共有63篇文献纳入分析,总样本量为4 818 347人。与阴道分娩相比,剖宫产儿哮喘、食物过敏、过敏性鼻结膜炎、吸入性过敏、喘息、枯草热的患病率分别增加19%、31%、14%、29%、4%、16%(P＜0.05)。亚组分析显示:对儿童哮喘而言,剖宫产不增加3岁以下儿童哮喘发生风险,其余各亚组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对儿童喘息而言,队列研究、通过问卷调查(父母报告症状)、父母无过敏性疾病组,剖宫产与儿童喘息有关联,OR值分别为1.05(95%CI:1.01~1.08)、1.07(95%CI:1.01~1.14)、1.05(95%CI:1.00~1.10)。结论 剖宫产是儿童多种过敏性疾病的危险因素,应做好孕产妇健康宣教和产科质量管理,把好儿童生命质量第一关。     

Atopic diseases and related risk factors among Dutch adolescents

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema among Dutch early adolescents, and to study the impact of several social demographic and individual risk factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey study using the self-report questionnaires of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). In January 2003, 10 087 12- to 14-year-old students from 33 secondary schools in four regions of the Netherlands participated in this study. RESULTS: Of all participants, 52.6% reported that they had an allergic disease at least once in their lifetime. The 12 months prevalence of wheezing, rhinitis, and itchy rash was 12.3%, 28.3%, and 13.5%, respectively. Several social demographic and individual factors (gender, age, education levels, ethnicity, body mass index, and residential area) were significantly associated with the atopic symptoms and diseases. CONCLUSION: This study showed that allergic conditions are common in the Netherlands. Several social demographic and individual risk factors were related to the atopic diseases and symptoms.     

儿童反复喘息与4位点哮喘基因预测模型的关系及危险因素分析

目的 探讨儿童反复喘息与4位点哮喘基因预测模型的关系,分析反复喘息的危险因素。方法 选取2019年1月—2021年3月在玉环市人民医院住院或门诊就诊的喘息儿童91例,根据哮喘预测指数(API)是否阳性,分为API阳性组55例,API阴性组36例,同时选择健康体检儿童30例为对照组。比较3组儿童4位点哮喘基因预测模型的高危率;将反复喘息儿童进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 API阳性组4位点哮喘基因预测模型的高危率较API阴性组及对照组显著升高(χ²=12.487,P＜0.05);API阳性组4位点哮喘基因预测模型的高危风险是API阴性组的2.54倍,是对照组的5.32倍。单因素分析儿童反复喘息与4位点哮喘基因预测模型的高危型、过敏史、过敏疾病家族史、吸入过敏原阳性、食入过敏原阳性、被动吸烟、嗜酸性粒细胞计数升高及呼吸道合胞病毒感染等因素有关(χ²=13.831,22.817,25.475,20.573,6.373,11.487,10.790,10.789,P＜0.05),而与居住环境无关(P＞0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示4位点哮喘基因预测模型的高危型(OR=5.535,95%CI:1.928~15.893)、过敏史(OR=4.921,95%CI:1.661~14.577)、过敏疾病家族史(OR=4.460,95%CI:1.560~12.749)、吸入过敏原阳性(OR=13.105,95%CI:2.436~70.503)、被动吸烟(OR=3.704,95%CI:1.304~10.521)为喘息的独立危险因素。结论 反复喘息儿童,尤其是API阳性儿童,4位点哮喘基因预测模型的高危率显著升高;反复喘息与多种因素有关,其中4位点哮喘基因预测模型高危型是一个重要原因。     

广州市儿童常见过敏性疾病的过敏原检测结果分析

目的 了解广州市儿童常见过敏性疾病的过敏原分布状况,为不同过敏性疾病患儿的环境过敏原防治提供依据.方法 纳入喘息性疾病及哮喘(1 013例)、过敏性鼻炎(660例)、过敏性结膜炎(422例)、湿疹(2 762例)、特应性皮炎(831例)和荨麻疹(1 181例)患儿共6 869例,经免疫印迹法检测血清过敏原E型特异性抗体...     

Prevalence and severity of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in "Grand Tunis" schoolchildren: ISAAC

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in 13-14 year old children living in "Grand Tunis". Using the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, 3350 schoolchildren aged 13-14 years, from the Grand Tunis (Ariana, Ben Arous, Manouba, Tunis) were studied. Our results showed that in the past year 13.2% of children had wheezed, 1.4% had more than 12 attacks and 4.3% had experienced a speech limiting attack. 29.7% had symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and 8.3% atopic eczema. The classic preponderance of asthma in boys has not been retrieved in our study. The highest level of wheeze was found in an agricultural area. According the published data, asthma prevalence in Tunisian schoolchildren is intermediate and allergic diseases are perhaps a common childhood diseases in Tunisia.     

Prevalence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in Istanbul school children

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and their related symptoms in Istanbul and to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and whether there are differences between the prevalence of childhood asthma in the same and different regions as found in previous studies and our own. The study period was the 1996–1997 school year in three primary schools in Istanbul. For proportional representation of high, middle, and low socioeconomic levels, the schools were selected from three different regions of Istanbul. A translated version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was used. The questionnaire was distributed to the parents of 2600 students aged 6–15 years. All of the 2276 children whose parents responded were included in the survey. The overall cumulative and current prevalences of wheezing were 13.7 and 7.2% respectively and the overall cumulative prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 17.6%. There was no statistically significant difference between asthmatics and non-asthmatics by sex, socioeconomic status and passive smoking. Family history of atopy was found to be significantly higher in asthmatics. Although there are differences in the results of studies concerning the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis not only between different countries but also between different regions of the same city, by using a standardized international method, the actual values may be obtained.     

The role of cats and dogs in asthma and allergy – a systematic review

Studies have reported contradictory effects of cat and dog exposure on allergy, resulting in inconsistent recommendations on animal avoidance. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies published in English from 2000 to January 2009. It shows in this review that the reported exposure-response relationships are contradictory. A total of 17 and 13 birth cohort studies on cat and dog exposure, respectively, are included in the review. Most of the birth cohort studies found that cat or dog exposure in early life had no effect on the development of asthma or wheezing symptoms and dog exposure during infancy was found to protect children from developing sensitization against aeroallergens. A total of 7 and 6 prospective studies in school-age children or adults on cat and dog exposure, respectively, are included in this review and most of these studies suggested an inverse association between cat exposure and asthma and wheezing symptoms. As for cross-sectional studies, 26 and 21 studies on cat and dog exposure, respectively, are included in this review, which cover a broad range of age groups and geographical areas, and reported inconsistent results. The evidence summarised in this systematic review needs to be interpreted with caution, the inconsistent study results may be due to study design, exposure assessment, and avoidance measure. The exposure-response relationships may also alter in geographical areas where the community prevalence of cats and dogs are significantly different. However, as the evidence of the effects of pet keeping on subsequent development of asthma or allergic diseases presented in this review are not overwhelmingly strong, the decision of whether to keep a cat or a dog in the family should be based on arguments other than the concern of developing asthma and allergy.     

Asociación entre el humo ambiental de tabaco y el estado de salud en la población infantil

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in children and asthma, wheezing and perceived health.MethodA cross-sectional study based on a telephone survey was performed on a representative sample of 2411 children under 12 years old in Spain. Exposure to SHS in private and public settings, and the prevalence of asthma, wheezing and perceived poor health were described. The association between health indicators and SHS exposure was analyzed using multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance according to age and educational level.ResultsThe prevalence of SHS exposure in children was 29.2% in private settings and 42.5% in public settings. There was no association between SHS exposure and asthma, wheezing and perceived poor health in children ≤5 years. In children aged 6-11 years with parents with primary/secondary education, presenting asthma (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 2.1; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.2-3.8) and worse perceived health (aPR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.1) were positively associated with SHS exposure in private settings. In children with parents with university studies, a negative association between SHS exposure and asthma (aPR: .3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.7) and wheezing (aPR: 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.8) was observed.ConclusionsThere are differences in the association between SHS exposure and asthma, wheezing and poor perceived health according to educational level. Interventions with an equity perspective aimed at reducing SHS exposure in childhood should be implemented.     

Self-reported prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in three cities of China: a multicenter study

Background  

Several studies conducted during the 1990s indicated that childhood allergic diseases were increasing worldwide, but more recent investigations in some Western countries have suggested that the trend is stabilizing or may even be reversing. However, few data are available on the current status of allergic disease prevalence in Chinese children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rates of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in children of three major cities of China, to determine the status of allergic diseases among Chinese children generally, and to evaluate the prevalence of allergic diseases in children of different ages.     

空气污染与广州市儿童呼吸系统健康关联的横断面研究

目的 研究空气污染与学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的关联.方法 于2006年选择广州市海珠区、白云区和花都区分别代表空气污染程度为高、中、低的污染区,抽取这3个区8所小学3年级和4年级小学生.通过标准化问卷调查这些儿童的家庭、社会经济状况和呼吸道症状及疾病史等.采用卡方检验、方差分析和logistic回归等方法分析不同空气污...     

Childhood asthma in the Highlands of Scotland--morbidity and school absence

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of childhood asthma in Scotland is one of the highest in the world. The morbidity secondary to allergic diseases is significant in terms of costs to the nation and effects on the family including the child. AIMS: The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of asthma, eczema and hay fever in the Highlands of Scotland and in the Shetland Isles and to examine factors in relation to quality of life and social deprivation. METHOD: A total population survey of 12 year old children using a parent completed questionnaire. RESULTS: 86.3% (2658/3080) returned questionnaires. Of the 2549 questionnaires analysed, 476 (18.7%) reported asthma ever, 362 (14.2%) wheeze in last 12 months, 508 (19.9%) reported hay fever ever and 555 (21.8%) reported eczema ever. Of the children reporting asthma or wheeze, 35.4% (229/647) had missed school because of asthma or wheeze, 38.0% (246/647) had missed physical education. 62.5% (354/566) of subjects with wheeze ever reported sleep disturbance. Deprivation measured by DEPCAT scores was associated with maternal smoking and bronchitis in the child but not with allergic diseases. CONCLUSION: Compared with previous studies, the prevalence of asthma was unchanged but eczema has increased in Highland adolescents. Allergic disease has a significant impact on school attendance and physical activity. Deprivation was associated with maternal smoking and bronchitis in the child but not with allergic diseases. The impact of allergic diseases in rural areas may be different from urban areas.     

苏州市0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率及防治现状的调查

【目的】 了解苏州市儿童哮喘患病率、起病年龄、发病诱因及防治现状,为进一步制定儿童哮喘防治措施提供科学依据。 【方法】 采用整群抽样调查,分两步:第一步问卷筛查得到疑似哮喘儿童资料,第二步对疑似病例进行临床确诊,同时了解其发病诱因及防治情况。 【结果】 收回初筛问卷10 805份,筛出喘息相关儿童622例,经临床确诊哮喘540例,咳嗽变异性哮喘5例,可疑哮喘77例。哮喘累计患病率为5%,男女患病率分别为6.22%、3.51%。过敏性鼻炎1 130例,患病率为10.46%,男女患病率分别为12.37%、8.13%。湿疹884例,患病率为8.18%,男女患病率分别为8.85%、7.35%。哮喘在3岁以内起病占77.17%。98.23%哮喘儿童反复应用过抗生素,59.97%在急性发作期接受吸入治疗,但在缓解期进行维持治疗的仅为8.89%。 【结论】 2010年苏州市0~14岁儿童哮喘累计患病率为5%,较10年前有增加,男性高于女性。儿童哮喘起病年龄大多数在3岁以内,发病高峰在春秋换季时,上呼吸道感染为最常见诱发因素。大多数哮喘患儿治疗不规范,正确、合理、规范治疗儿童哮喘的新知识、新药物要宣传、普及。     

Is the prevalence of atopic diseases in East and West Germany already converging?

Studies comparing respiratory health of residents in the areas of former East and West Germany have shown higher rates of asthma and allergies in children and young adults in former West Germany. It has been speculated that some factors associated with western lifestyle may be related to higher rates of atopic diseases among residents of former West Germany. We examined if the prevalence rates of self-reported asthma and nasal allergies in adults converged between the areas of former East and West Germany five years after re-unification. During the years 1990–1992 and 1994–1995 two independently drawn random samples of more than 3,000 subjects between the ages of 20 to 44 years answered a screening questionnaire of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Erfurt (East Germany) and in Hamburg (West Germany). The prevalence rates of asthma attacks, asthma medication use, allergic rhinitis, and wheezing remained stable in Hamburg but increased significantly in Erfurt approaching those of Hamburg. The data indicate that there is a tendency for the prevalence rates of self-reported allergic rhinitis and asthma-related respiratory symptoms in the eastern part of Germany to increase to West-German levels. It is not yet clear if this is due to a true increase in morbidity or only to a higher awareness for these diseases among doctors and the public.     

上海市学龄儿童过敏性疾病流行现状及相关因素分析

  目的  了解上海市学龄儿童过敏性疾病患病现状及相关影响因素,为预防儿童过敏性疾病提供参考。  方法  2019年4—6月期间,在上海市开展多阶段整群抽样,共有17所小学的10 686名7~12岁学龄儿童被纳入调查。采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究(ISAAC)量表评估儿童过敏性疾病,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析儿童过敏性疾病的影响因素。  结果  上海市学龄儿童中过敏性疾病的总体患病率为47.0%,男童(50.4%)患病率高于女童(43.3%)(χ2=54.44,P < 0.01)。常见过敏性疾病患病率为哮喘(13.9%)、过敏性鼻炎(18.2%)、特应性皮炎(34.3%)。部分儿童同时患有多种过敏性疾病。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,与哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、特应性皮炎3类过敏性疾病均呈正相关的因素为男童(OR值分别为1.52,1.44,1.22)、母亲学历本科及以上(OR值分别为1.26,1.77,1.84)、有过敏性疾病家族史(OR值分别为2.87,4.24,2.57)、是独生子女(OR值分别为1.16,1.28,1.22)、窗帘清洗频率 < 1次/月(OR值分别为1.41,1.79,1.77)、没有每天打扫房间(OR值分别为1.14,1.18,1.20)、粉尘暴露频率≥1次/月(OR值分别为1.45,1.56,1.42)(P值均 < 0.05)。3类过敏性疾病另存在特有的社会-环境-行为危险因素。  结论  上海市学龄儿童过敏性疾病患病率较高,相关影响因素涉及社会、环境和行为暴露的多个变量,值得后续深入探索。     

病毒相关性喘息患儿血清中嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子的检测及临床意义

目的:检测支气管哮喘与病毒相关性喘息患儿血清Eotaxin和sICAM-1浓度,研究其与喘息反复发作高危因素之间的关系。方法:按中华儿科学会呼吸学组制定的统一标准随机选择支气管哮喘组和病毒相关性喘息组各60例,支气管哮喘组于急性发作期、慢性持续期采取血清,病毒相关性喘息组于急性期、恢复期采取血清,用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清Eotax-in和sICAM-1浓度。对60例病毒相关性喘息患儿依据病史并进行1年随访,分析各组血清Eotaxin和sICAM-1浓度与喘息高危因素发生的关系。结果:病毒相关性喘息组急性期血清Eotaxin、sICAM-1浓度高于恢复期(P<0.01);喘息Ⅰ组(喘息发作3次或3次以上)急性期血清Eotaxin、sICAM-1浓度与哮喘组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),比喘息Ⅱ组(喘息仅发作1次)高差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);恢复期血清Eotaxin浓度与哮喘组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血清sICAM-1浓度较哮喘组低。哮喘组急性发作期、慢性持续期血清Eotaxin、sICAM-1浓度两者互呈正相关性(P<0.01);病毒相关性喘息组急性期、恢复期血清Eotaxin、sICAM-1浓度两者互呈正相关性(P<0.01)。结论:①Eotaxin和sICAM-1参与了哮喘和病毒相关性喘息急性发病的过程。②反复喘息患儿慢性炎症持续存在,Eotaxin可作为早期干预的重要指标之一。③病毒相关性喘息患儿与血清Eotaxin和sICAM-1浓度有关,Eotaxin和sICAM-1浓度变化可能有助于预测病毒相关性喘息发展成哮喘的指标之一。     

南京市学龄前儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病与睡眠状况的现况研究

目的 分析南京市3～6岁健康儿童及患过敏性疾病儿童睡眠时间、睡眠障碍发生状况及相互关系,为预防和干预儿童睡眠问题提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,应用自制学龄前儿童睡眠状况调查问卷,对1 432名3～6岁儿童进行调查。结果 南京市学龄前儿童平均每天睡眠时间(10.74±0.85)h,明显低于国内外同年龄段儿童基本需求标准,患过敏性鼻炎及哮喘儿童睡眠时间明显比健康儿童短(P<0.05);儿童睡眠障碍总发生率为52.7%,患哮喘及过敏性鼻炎儿童睡眠障碍的发生率分别为68.3%和66.5%。结论 南京市学龄前儿童睡眠时间不足,睡眠质量差,睡眠问题的发生率较高,过敏性疾病可能是睡眠障碍发生的高危因素,应引起社会及家长的重视。     

Prevalence of childhood asthma in Baranya County, Hungary, between 2003 and 2006

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (AD) in children has constantly and significantly increased worldwide in the past decades. Recent publications, however, reported a moderate decrease or levelling off in this parameter. The authors estimated the prevalence of bronchial asthma and asthmatic complaints among schoolchildren in Baranya county in the years 2003 and 2006 in order to register the possible changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both surveys were carried out by means of identical questionnaires which were consistent with the ISAAC Phase III. protocol. The data were collected in 16 primary schools (6 in a city, 10 in small settlements and villages) in February 2006. Finally 2404 questionnaires (1124 boys, 1280 girls) in two age groups, among 6-7 and 13-14-year-old children were processed and compared to the data derived from the survey done in 2003. RESULTS: The prevalence of the "wheezing-ever" and "physician diagnosed asthma" did not change during the observation period (2006: 20.2% and 6.7%; 2003: 19.8% and 8.2%) but there was a significant increase in the frequency of "wheezing in the last 12 months" (2006: 9.6%; 2003: 6.8%). As expected, significantly higher prevalence rates were detected among boys and in the 6-7-year-old age group than among girls and in the 13-14-year-old age group in both surveys. There was no significant difference in the two surveys in the prevalence of bronchial asthma and asthmatic signs between children from a city and from small settlements. CONCLUSION: During the observation period of three years there was a significant increase "wheezing in the last 12 months", but the prevalence of "wheezing-ever" as well as the "physician-diagnosed asthma" remained unchanged.