平阳霉素治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤及脉管畸形的副反应

目的探讨平阳霉素（PYM）联合地塞米松（DXM）治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤及脉管畸形的疗效及副反应。方法收集2003年2月～2009年6月用PYM联合DXM治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤及脉管畸形并获得完整随访的病例160例。患者在接受治疗前行胸片检查,治疗后6个月再行胸片检查,观察临床效果及副反应。结果经2个月-6年的随访观察,124例患者治愈,36例患者显效,总有效率为100％。所有患者均有不同程度的肿胀,其中34例患者注射后体温稍升高（21．3％）,1例患者末次治疗6h后全身疼痛,1例患者末次注射时出现呼吸困难及发音障碍,1例患儿出现过敏性休克,未发现肺纤维化现象、未发现溃烂出血及感染。结论PYM联合DXM治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤及脉管畸形简单易行、副反应少,是一种安全、有效的方法,但仍要做好过敏等副反应的急救准备。     

平阳霉素地塞米松联合瘤体注射治疗颌面部血管瘤

目的：总结平阳霉素（PYM）,地塞米松（DXM）联合局部注射治疗颌面部血管瘤的疗效及优点。方法：收集2004年9月～2007年9月用PYM＋DXM联合局部注射治疗颌面部血管瘤82例。结果1本组病例经12～24个月随访：治愈46例（56．1％）,基本治愈30例（36．5％）,有效6例（7．3％）,治愈和基本治愈达92．6％,有效率达100％。结论：PYM＋DXM联合局部注射治疗颌面部血管瘤具有疗程短,疗效高,不良反应少等优点。     

平阳霉素联合地塞米松瘤体内注射治疗婴幼儿脉管性疾病

目的：应用平阳霉素（Pinyangmycin,PYM）联合地塞米松（Dexamethasone,DXM）瘤体内注射治疗婴幼儿脉管性疾病并观察其临床疗效。方法：102例婴幼儿脉管性疾病采用PYM、DXM联合行瘤体内直接注射,间隔时间2周,4～6次为一个疗程。结果：经6～24个月随访,治愈59例（57.84%）,基本治愈30例（29.41%）,有效9例（8.82%）,治愈和基本治愈率87.25%。结论：PYM与DXM联合瘤腔内注射治疗婴幼儿脉管性疾病,具有疗程短、疗效好、副作用小、安全可靠等优点。     

低浓度平阳霉素联合地塞米松硬化治疗唇部浅表静脉畸形

目的:观察低浓度平阳霉素加地塞米松硬化治疗唇部浅表静脉畸形的临床疗效.方法:2007年1月～2011年1月,笔者科室应用低浓度平阳霉素(0.5mg/ml)联合地塞米松(1mg/ml)硬化治疗唇部浅表静脉畸形患者68例,其中男29例,女39例,年龄13～69岁;病变范围最小0.5cm×0.8cm,最大3cm×2.4cm.根据病变情况决定治疗的次数,2次治疗间隔15天.结果:68例患者最少注射2次,最多注射8次,治疗后随访12～32个月,平均随访21个月.患者外观满意,没有复发倾向.根据疗效评价标准,治愈66例,有效2例.结论:低浓度平阳霉素联合地塞米松硬化治疗唇部浅表静脉畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

口腔及颜面部局限性低回流型静脉畸形的硬化治疗

目的 探讨口腔及颜面部局限性低回流型静脉畸形的满意治疗方法.方法 采用平阳霉素局部注射治疗口腔和颜面部局限性低回流型静脉畸形57例,间隔10～14 d治疗1次,3～5次为1个疗程.1个疗程不能治愈者,间隔1个月再开始第2个疗程治疗.记录不良反应、病变转归和颜面外形变化,追踪随访,评价临床疗效和美学效果.结果 经过3～8次局部注射,52例治愈,病变完全消退,面貌外形和皮肤色泽恢复正常.4例基本治愈,表面皮肤黏膜颜色正常或基本正常,局部稍显臃肿.1例好转,病变缩小约2/3,但消退缓慢.治疗周期与病变大小有关,直径＜3 cm者1个疗程多可治愈.治疗中未见溃疡和瘢痕形成,无神经损伤症状.局部不良反应为肿胀,全身不良反应为低热和食欲下降,无过敏病例.随访1～3年无复发.结论 平阳霉素局部注射硬化治疗口腔和颜面部局限性低回流型静脉畸形治愈率高,不损伤神经,不形成瘢痕,颜面外形和功能保存良好,是较为满意的治疗方式.     

口腔颌面部静脉畸形的微创治疗

目的：探索口腔颌面部静脉畸形的微创治疗的疗效。方法：对8例口腔颌面部深在的或特殊部位的静脉畸形采用彩色多普勒超声引导下平阳霉素残余瘤腔注射治疗。结果：8例患者全部治愈，外形满意。无面神经损伤等功能障碍，随访6个月～12个月无1例复发。4例面颊深部的静脉畸形治疗6月后磁共振成像检查消失或部分为纤维组织。结论彩色多普勒超声引导下平阳霉素瘤腔注射，对口腔颌面部深在的或特殊部位的静脉畸形是一种安全有效的微创治疗手段，值得推广应用。     

向附睾注射不同剂量鱼肝油酸钠与精子计数关系的研究

本文对家兔及人进行了向附睾注射不同剂量的鱼肝油酸钠(SM)与精子计数变化关系的研究。结果表明:向家兔附睾每侧注射SM0.1ml时,6周后4例家兔精子计数全部恢复正常;0.3ml时,10周后10例家兔中4例精子计数恢复正常;当每侧注射0.6ml时,在4个月及9个月各4例家兔观察中,精子计数均未恢复正常,为无精或少精。此外10例志愿者向附睾每侧注射0.5ml后,在术后12个月精子计数观察中,2例计数为6～7×10~6/ml外,其余仍为无精和少精。因此我们认为注射不同剂量的SM能引起不同的精子计数改变。     

鱼肝油酸钠联合地塞米松注射液治疗颌面部血管瘤

口腔颌面部血管瘤的发病率较高,其中又以海绵状血管瘤最多,其治疗通常分为手术及非手术方法。2003年9月～2007年2月,我们用5％鱼肝油酸钠联合地塞米松局部注射治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤56例,取得了很好的疗效,现报道如下。     

平阳霉素与地塞米松联合注射治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤的临床评价

口腔颌面部血管瘤的发病率约占全身血管瘤病的60%[1]。多发生于面颈部皮肤、皮下组织及口腔黏膜部位,以海绵状血管瘤较多。因其部位解剖关系复杂,功能特殊,治疗时较为棘手。我们于1995年8月至2002年10月,采用平阳霉素(pingyangmycin,PYM)与地塞米松(dexamethasone,DXM)联合注射     

平阳霉素联合地塞米松治疗婴幼儿颌面部静脉畸形疗效观察

目的:观察平阳霉素联合地塞米松注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部静脉畸形的临床效果.方法:随机选取两组不同治疗方法的患儿共204例,分为治疗组(平阳霉素联合地塞米松治疗,191例)和对照组(平阳霉素治疗,113例),均给瘤体内直接注射药物,间隔时间2周,4～6次为1个疗程.结果:治疗组中治愈186例,有效5例,无效0例,有效率97.38%;对照组中治愈103例,有效10例,无效0例,有效率91.15%.经χ2检验,P＜0.05,两组有效率比较差异有统计学意义.结论:平阳霉素联合地塞米松注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部静脉畸形是一种安全、有效、简单的方法.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.