乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移超声诊断的多因素分析

目的：通过分析乳腺癌癌肿及其腋淋巴结的声像图表现,探讨癌肿及腋淋巴结声像图特征与病理学腋淋巴结转移的相关性。方法：回顾性分析应用超声检出的145例乳腺癌患者及其278枚腋淋巴结的声像图表现,采用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归及ROC曲线分析的方法,分别检验乳腺癌癌肿内血流特征及癌肿最大直径、腋淋巴结血流特征、径线比及最大皮质厚度与病理学腋淋巴结转移的相关性。结果：依据单因素分析,乳腺癌癌肿血流≥Ⅱ级者、癌肿直径较长者,对应病理学腋淋巴结转移率较高（P〈0．05）;周边型或混合型血流分布、径线比较小、皮质厚度较厚的腋淋巴结,其病理学淋巴结转移率较高（P〈0．05）。依据多因素分析,乳腺癌癌肿直径、淋巴结径线比和皮质最大厚度与病理学腋淋巴结转移明显相关。经ROC曲线分析,腋淋巴结最大皮质厚度是判定腋淋巴结转移的较佳指标。结论：依据乳腺癌癌肿及腋淋巴结超声影像学特征评价腋淋巴结转移,具有明显的临床实用价值。     

乳腺癌癌肿及腋淋巴结声像图特征与腋淋巴结转移的相关研究

[目的]通过分析乳腺癌癌肿及其腋淋巴结的超声声像图表现，探讨癌肿及腋淋巴结超声声像图特征与病理学腋淋巴结转移的相关性。[方法]回顾性分析应用超声检出的145例乳腺癌患者及其278枚腋淋巴结的声像图表现，采用单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归及ROC曲线分析的方法，分别检测乳腺癌癌肿内血流特征及癌肿最大直径、腋淋巴结血流特征、径线比及最大皮质厚度与病理学腋淋巴结转移的相关性。[结果]单因素分析显示乳腺癌癌肿血流≥Ⅱ级者、癌肿直径较长者，对应病理学腋淋巴结转移率较高（P值均〈O．05）；周边型或混合型血流分布、径线比较小、皮质厚度较厚的腋淋巴结，其病理学淋巴结转移率较高（P值均〈0．05）。多因素分析显示乳腺癌癌肿直径、淋巴结径线比和皮质最大厚度与病理学腋淋巴结转移明显相关。经ROC曲线分析，腋淋巴结最大皮质厚度是判定腋淋巴结转移的较佳指标。[结论]依据乳腺癌癌肿及腋淋巴结超声影像学特征评价腋淋巴结转移具有明显的临床实用价值。     

乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移超声诊断的多因素分析

目的:通过分析乳腺癌癌肿及其腋淋巴结的声像图表现,探讨癌肿及腋淋巴结声像图特征与病理学腋淋巴结转移的相关性.方法:回顾性分析应用超声检出的145例乳腺癌患者及其278枚腋淋巴结的声像图表现,采用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归及ROC曲线分析的方法,分别检验乳腺癌癌肿内血流特征及癌肿最大直径、腋淋巴结血流特征、径线比及最大皮质厚度与病理学腋淋巴结转移的相关性.结果:依据单因素分析,乳腺癌癌肿血流≥Ⅱ级者、癌肿直径较长者,对应病理学腋淋巴结转移率较高(P<0.05);周边型或混合型血流分布、径线比较小、皮质厚度较厚的腋淋巴结,其病理学淋巴结转移率较高(P<0.05).依据多因素分析,乳腺癌癌肿直径、淋巴结径线比和皮质最大厚度与病理学腋淋巴结转移明显相关.经ROC曲线分析,腋淋巴结最大皮质厚度是判定腋淋巴结转移的较佳指标.结论:依据乳腺癌癌肿及腋淋巴结超声影像学特征评价腋淋巴结转移,具有明显的临床实用价值.     

乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结声像图联合免疫组织化学与淋巴结转移的相关性研究

背景与目的：乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移对于乳腺癌患者的预后及治疗方案的选择有重要的指导意义。本研究旨在探讨乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结声像图表现联合免疫组织化学与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性。方法：回顾性分析应用超声检出的366例乳腺癌患者共计728枚腋窝淋巴结的声像图表现,采用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归及受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析的方法,分别检验乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结皮质最大厚度、长短径之比、皮髓质之比和淋巴结血流特征,联合乳腺癌术后免疫组织化学结果,研究其与病理学腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性。结果：依据单因素分析,腋窝淋巴结皮质最大厚度、长短径之比、血流特征以及乳腺癌病灶p53的阳性表达率与淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。依据多因素分析及ROC分析,腋窝淋巴结皮质最大厚度是判定腋窝淋巴结转移的最佳指标。腋窝淋巴结皮质最大厚度大于3 mm的患者,其乳腺癌病灶的p53阳性表达率(42.78%)明显高于皮质最大厚度小于等于3 mm的患者(25.82%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论：乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结声像图表现联合免疫组织化学评价腋窝淋巴结转移,对乳腺癌的临床诊疗方法选择具有重要价值。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结转移的相关因素分析

目的研究乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结转移的相关因素,探讨利用乳腺及腋窝彩色多普勒超声结合肿瘤病理学检查分析预测乳腺浸润性导管癌的腋窝淋巴结转移情况。方法回顾性分析175例经过病理证实的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者,所有患者术前行乳腺及腋窝彩色多普勒超声检查,术后对肿瘤行病理检查。统计分析采用x2检验、Logistic回归分析及绘制ROC曲线。结果175例病例中,病理证实腋窝淋巴结转移者107例,肿瘤直径、肿瘤血流分级、腋窝淋巴结个数、淋巴结纵横比、淋巴结皮质最大厚度、淋巴结血流分型、肿瘤组织学分级、Ki67抗原和c—erbB-2阳性表达是影响腋窝淋巴结转移率的因素（P〈0．050）。最终进入模型的因素有淋巴结纵横比、肿瘤直径、淋巴结皮质最大厚度、肿瘤组织学分级Ⅱ、Ⅲ级及Ki67抗原阳性表达。ROC曲线下面积是0．964。结论淋巴结纵横比小、淋巴结皮质最大厚度I〉3mm、肿瘤直径≥2cm、肿瘤组织学分级高和Ki67抗原阳性提示较高的腋窝淋巴结转移率。     

血流能量图及微血管密度与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性

目的：探讨血流能量图angio（Power Doppler Imaging,PDI）及微血管密度（microvessel density,MVD）与乳腺癌腋淋巴转移的相关性。方法：术前观察74例乳腺癌的血流信号及血流能量图特征;术后标本采用免疫组化检测癌巢内MVD值,比较PDI与MVD两种方法与乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移的关系。结果：43个有腋淋巴结转移（LN＋）组肿块以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级血流为主,血流主要分布在肿块周边多呈＂爪＂分布,血流信号较无腋淋巴结转移（LN-）组31个肿块明显丰富（P〈0.05）。LN＋组MVD值〉LN-组（P〈0.05）。癌巢内MVD值随Adler血流分级的增高和肿块体积的增大而测值增高（P〈0.05）,且随组织学级别的增加而显著增大（P〈0.05）。结论：乳腺癌的PDI及MVD值与腋淋巴结转移密切相关,二者结合可作为评估乳腺癌患者预后的重要指标。     

动态增强磁共振对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断价值研究

目的 研究动态增强磁共振(DCE-MRI)对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移(LNM)的诊断价值.方法 收集96例乳腺癌患者的DCE-MRI资料,以患者腋窝淋巴结(LN)病理检查结果为金标准,将入选LN划分为转移组与非转移组,对比两组患者的临床特征及LN的DCE-MRI特征,分析各项特征及DCE-MRI与金标准间的一致性,计算各项诊断效能指标,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析DCE-MRI各项特征及DCE-MRI对乳腺癌LNM的诊断价值.结果 两组患者病理分型、激素受体情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).转移组与非转移组LN的各DCE-MRI特征比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).DCE-MRI诊断乳腺癌LNM的准确度为98.14％,灵敏度为98.84％,特异度为97.33％,与金标准间具有较高一致性(P﹤0.01).DCE-MRI对乳腺癌LNM具有较高的诊断价值(P﹤0.05);各项特征中增强前后差值≥30诊断价值最高(P﹤0.05).结论 DCE-MRI对乳腺癌LNM具有较高诊断价值,可为乳腺癌LNM的诊断提供必要参考.     

结合超声特征的腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝病理完全缓解的预测模型

摘 要：［目的］ 分析经空芯针穿刺活检证实腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗（neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC）后腋窝病理完全缓解(pathological complete response,pCR)率及其影响因素,并整合超声影像特征与已知的临床病理特征建立预测模型,为新辅助化疗后乳腺癌患者腋窝处理的降级提供信息。［方法］ 回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院2017年1月至2018年12月入院接受NAC的481例乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料及超声影像特征,使用Logistic回归模型对临床病理特征及超声特征与NAC后腋窝淋巴结pCR的关系进行单因素及多因素分析,采用多因素分析中具有独立预测作用的指标构建新辅助化疗后腋窝pCR的预测列线图,并采用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线及Bootstrapping法对此模型进行验证与校准。［结果］ 在481例患者中有147例(30.6%)实现了腋窝pCR。 单因素分析显示分子分型、乳腺原发灶临床疗效、淋巴结皮髓质分界是否清晰、彩色多谱勒血流图是否存在血流信号、淋巴结长径、淋巴结短径与腋窝pCR相关。多因素分析显示分子分型、乳腺原发灶临床疗效、CDFI血流信号、淋巴结短径是腋窝pCR的独立预测因素。与单独使用临床病理特征的预测模型相比,该模型具有良好的识别性能（ROC曲线下面积,0.784 vs 0.694,P<0.001）。［结论］ 结合超声特征的腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝pCR的预测模型提高了仅应用临床病理特征的模型的预测能力,为NAC后选择合适的患者进行侵入性较小的腋窝手术方式提供了参考依据。     

超声结合临床特征基于166例乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结评估中的预测价值分析

[目的]探讨超声结合临床特征在乳腺癌新辅助化疗（neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC）后腋窝淋巴结状态的预测价值。[方法]回顾性总结2020年6月至2021年10月浙江省肿瘤医院166例初诊乳腺癌且有腋窝淋巴结转移病例,使用Logistic回归模型对临床病理及超声特征与NAC后腋窝淋巴结病理完全缓解(pathological complete response,pCR)的关系进行单因素与多因素分析,建立预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线并得出曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）。[结果]166例乳腺癌患者中,61例经NAC后实现腋窝淋巴结pCR,单因素与多因素分析发现NAC后腋窝淋巴结纵横比值>2、淋巴结皮质厚度≤3 mm,乳腺癌分子分型为三阴性型与HER2阳性型、乳腺癌原发灶临床疗效达完全缓解和腋窝淋巴结pCR显著相关(P<0.05)。与单独使用临床病理或超声特征的预测模型相比,超声结合临床病理特征预测模型具有良好的识别性能（AUC为0.88,灵敏度为78.7...     

声触诊组织量化成像技术对乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的鉴别诊断价值

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨声触诊组织量化成像（VTIQ）技术在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）转移中的检出效能。［方法］ 回顾性分析2017年1月至2017年9月在哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院就诊的经病理证实的52例乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结的图像资料。记录淋巴结的长轴及短轴长度、淋巴结最大皮质厚度、淋巴结长短径之比二维超声声像图特征及VTIQ 测量的剪切波横向速度(SWV）平均值。［结果］ 对52例患者的55枚淋巴结进行了检测,术后病理显示前哨淋巴结53枚（除外2例非前哨淋巴结）,其中转移性淋巴结19枚（35.8%）,反应性增生淋巴结34枚（64.2%）。淋巴结的长轴及短轴长度、淋巴结长短径之比诊断SLN是否转移无统计学意义（P>0.05）;淋巴结最大皮质厚度（良性与转移3.24±1.34mm与5.95±3.35mm）和SWV平均值（2.10±0.35mm与2.55±0.55m/s）诊断SLN是否转移有统计学意义（P<0.05）。淋巴结最大皮质厚度、SWV平均值及两者联合的ROC曲线,诊断前哨淋巴结转移的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.811、0.749和0.830;诊断转移的准确率分别为83.0%、69.8%和84.9%;敏感度分别为63.2%、68.4%和63.2%;特异性分别为94.1%、70.6%和97.1%;阳性预测值分别为85.7%、56.5%和92.3%;阴性预测值分别为82.1%、80.0%和82.5%。［结论］ VTIQ技术对乳腺癌前哨淋巴结转移性癌有一定的诊断价值,结合常规超声应用可提高对前哨淋巴结转移的诊断效能。     

Prognostic role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer

Sentinel lymph node biopsy was shown to be an accurate procedure in the study of axillary lymph nodes; it allowed a marked decrease in surgery-related morbidity of breast cancer and axillary dissection could be avoided. Other parameters as molecular markers, nuclear grading, patient age, tumor size, are not able to predict the axillary lymph node status and consequent local therapeutic approach similar to those provided by sentinel lymph node biopsy. The extent of sentinel lymph node metastatic involvement, the extracapsular spread, the size of primary tumor and peritumoral lymphatic/vascular infiltration are the four characteristics shown to be significant, if considered in association and not separately as predictors of the extent of axillary involvement in presence of a positive sentinel lymph node. However, so far, specific studies did not confirm concordant and reproducible results. Therefore, apart from controlled studies, axillary dissection is always required in presence of a metastatic sentinel lymph node.     

Clinicopathologic Features Predicting Involvement of Nonsentinel Axillary Lymph Nodes in Iranian Women with Breast Cancer

Background: Almost half of the breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes have no additional disease in the remaining axillary lymph nodes. This group of patients do not benefit from complete axillary lymph node dissection. This study was designed to assess the clinicopathologic factors that predict non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in Iranian breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy, between 2003 and 2012, were reviewed. Patients with at least one positive sentinel lymph node who underwent completion axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled in the present study. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics including age, primary tumor size, histological and nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, extracapsular invasion, and number of harvested lymph nodes, were evaluated. Results: The data of 167 patients were analyzed. A total of 92 (55.1%) had non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis of data revealed that age, primary tumor size, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, extracapsular invasion, and the number of positive sentinel lymph nodes to the total number of harvested sentinel lymph nodes ratio, wereassociated with non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. After logistic regression analysis, age (OR=0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.8), primary tumor size (OR=7.7; 95% CI, 1.4-42.2), lymphovascular invasion (OR=19.4; 95% CI, 1.4-268.6), extracapsular invasion (OR=13.3; 95% CI, 2.3-76), and the number of positive sentinel lymph nodes to the total number of harvested sentinel lymph nodes ratio (OR=20.2; 95% CI, 3.4-121.9), were significantly associated with non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: According to this study, age, primary tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular invasion, and the ratio of positive sentinel lymph nodes to the total number of harvested sentinel lymph nodes, were found to be independent predictors of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis.     

Sentinel lymphadenectomy without systematic axillary dissection in breast cancer patients: predictors of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis.

AIMS: To identify factors predicting metastatic involvement of non sentinel axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy followed by complete axillary dissection only in case of metastatic sentinel lymph node. METHODS: A prospective database including 165 breast cancer patients who underwent SLN biopsy without further complete axillary dissection in case of non-metastatic SLN was reviewed. Primary tumor size, pathologic grade, lymphatic invasion in the primary tumor, estrogen receptor status, tumor size in the SLN and number of metastatic SLNs were tested as possible predictors of metastatic involvement of non-SLN. RESULTS: The sentinel lymph node detection rate was 97% (160/165 patients). The mean number of SLNs per patient was 1.8 (range: 1-5). Fifty patients (31.3%) had a metastatic axillary SLN: 10 of the 42 patients with T1a or T1b breast tumors and 40 of the 118 patients with T1c< or = 15mm tumors. Fifteen of the 50 patients with metastatic SLN had metastatic non-SLN. Primary tumor size, tumor size in the SLN, pathologic grade, estrogen receptor status and age were not significantly associated with metastatic involvement of non-SLN. Number of metastatic SLNs fell short of reaching statistical significance (P: NS). Lymphatic invasion in the primary tumor was the only factor significantly associated with the presence of tumor in the non SLN (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In our series, only lymphatic invasion in the primary tumor was correlated with metastases detection in the non-SLN. We could not identify a subset of patients without metastatic non-SLN in patients with metastatic SLN.     

Importance of nuclear morphology in breast cancer prognosis.

The purpose of this study is to define prognostic relationships between computer-derived nuclear morphological features, lymph node status, and tumor size in breast cancer. Computer-derived nuclear size, shape, and texture features were determined in fine-needle aspirates obtained at the time of diagnosis from 253 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer. Tumor size and lymph node status were determined at the time of surgery. Median follow-up time was 61.5 months for patients without distant recurrence. In univariate analysis, tumor size, nuclear features, and the number of metastatic nodes were of decreasing significance for distant disease-free survival. Nuclear features, tumor size, and the number of metastatic nodes were of decreasing significance for overall survival. In multivariate analysis, the morphological size feature, largest perimeter, was more predictive of disease-free and overall survival than were either tumor size or the number of axillary lymph node metastases. This morphological feature, when combined with tumor size, identified more patients at both the good and poor ends of the prognostic spectrum than did the combination of tumor size and axillary lymph node status. Our data indicate that computer analysis of nuclear features has the potential to replace axillary lymph node status for staging of breast cancer. If confirmed by others, axillary dissection for breast cancer staging, estimating prognosis, and selecting patients for adjunctive therapy could be eliminated.     

前哨淋巴结阳性早期乳腺癌非前哨淋巴结的组织学检测及临床意义

目的：研究早期乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结(SLN)阳性时非前哨淋巴结(NSN)转移的可能性及其临床意义。方法：对84例SLN阳性接受乳癌根治术的早期乳腺癌患者的NSN及HER-2免疫组化等进行检测，分析NSN转移的发生率及相关临床因素。结果：SLN阳性患者NSN转移的检出率是48．8％(41／84)，NSN转移与原发肿瘤的大小、SLN转移灶的大小及HER-2的表达状况有关，原发肿瘤直径小于1cm及SLN转移灶小于1mm时NSN无转移，NSN的阳性率随原发肿瘤及SLN转移灶直径的增大而提高，HER-2蛋白阳性者NSN转移率高。结论：原发肿瘤直径小于1cm且SLN转移灶小于1mm时的早期乳腺癌患者可免于腋窝清扫，反之亦然；HER-2阳性患者NSN转移率较高，应考虑腋窝清扫。     

超声弹性应变率在诊断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结良恶性中的价值

目的 探讨超声弹性应变率在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结良恶性的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析已获得病理组织学诊断的89例乳腺癌患者118个腋窝淋巴结的弹性应变率,比较转移性淋巴结与反应性增生淋巴结的弹性应变率,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）。结果 118个腋窝淋巴结转移性淋巴结54个,反应性增生64个,超声弹性应变率在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结良恶性中的诊断的敏感度为90.7％,特异度为87.5％,准确度为90.6％。ROC曲线分析最合适的诊断临界点为2.07。结论 超声弹性应变率是一种鉴别转移性淋巴结与反应性增生的淋巴结的有效方法。     

乳腺球蛋白在术前乳腺癌和腋窝淋巴结细针穿刺吸取组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨乳腺球蛋白（mammaglobin,MAM）在术前乳腺癌及腋窝淋巴结细针穿刺吸取组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 对91例原发性乳腺癌行术前细针穿刺,将吸取的组织制备涂片,采用免疫组织化学方法（EnVision法）检测MAM表达,观察MAM表达与临床病理指标的关系.同时另收集15例原发性肺癌腋窝淋巴结转移患者,分析乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移、乳腺癌增生性淋巴结炎和肺癌腋窝淋巴结转移三者间术前腋窝淋巴结MAM表达的区别.统计分析采用χ2检验.结果 在91例原发性乳腺癌患者中MAM的阳性表达率为74.72%（68/91）.MAM的阳性表达与雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、组织学分级、细胞学分级有关（P〈0.05）,与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结是否转移及HER-2状态无关（P〉0.05）.腋窝淋巴结观察结果显示,MAM在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移患者中呈阳性表达,在乳腺癌增生性腋窝淋巴结炎和肺癌腋窝淋巴结转移患者中均为阴性表达.结论 MAM可表达于原发性和转移性乳腺癌,细针穿刺细胞学检查结合MAM的测定对乳腺癌的诊断及鉴别具有一定辅助判断价值.MAM阳性表达与ER、PR状态、细胞学分级、组织学分级有关,有利于了解肿瘤的生物学指标及判断预后.     

Frequency and Predictors of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Iranian Women with Early Breast Cancer

Background: Axillary lymph node metastasis is the most important predictive factor for recurrence risk andsurvival in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated withmetastatic involvement of axillary lymph nodes in Iranian women with early breast cancer. Methods: This article reportsa retrospective study of 774 patients with T1-T2 breast cancer who underwent resection of the primary tumor and axillarystaging by SLNB and/or ALND between 2005 and 2015 at our institution. Results: Of the 774 patients included in thisstudy, 35.5% (275 cases) had axillary lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis. Factors associated with nodalinvolvement in univariate analyses were tumor size, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), tumor grade, ER/PR status andHER2 expression. All factors identified with univariate analyses were entered into a multivariate logistic regressionmodel and tumor size (OR= 3.01, CI 2.01–4.49, P <0.001), ER/PR positivity (OR = 1.74, CI 1.1.16–2.62, P = 0.007)and presence of LVI (OR = 3.3.8, CI 2.31–4.95, P <0.001) remained as independent predictors of axillary lymph nodeinvolvement .Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study suggests that positive hormonal receptor status, LVIand tumor size are predictive factors for ALNM in Iranian women with early breast cancer.