mFSHR基因N端片段的序列分析、原核表达载体构建及其表达

目的：克隆小鼠卵泡刺激素受体（FSHR）基因N-端部分片段（28—90aa）（mFSHRn）;预测其编码蛋白作为候选避孕疫苗的可行性;构建原核表达重组质粒,并在大肠杆菌中表达。方法：提取小鼠睾丸组织总RNA,利用逆转录．聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）技术反转录成cDNA,按照GeneBank中小鼠FSHRN．端序列设计引物,扩增基因片段并插入pET32a载体,测序鉴定后做生物信息学分析;质粒转化E．coli BL21（DE3）感受态菌株诱导表达蛋白。结果：扩增片段长度为186bp,测序结果与预期结果完全一致,生物信息学分析其编码蛋白具有良好的抗原性;重组原核表达质粒经鉴定获得正确重组子并诱导表达。结论：mFSHRn蛋白可作为良好的候选避孕疫苗,成功构建了pET32a—mFHSRn原核表达重组质粒,获得可表达mFHSRn的大肠杆菌菌株,为后续的相关研究奠定了基础。     

钩端螺旋体Lipl21基因真核质粒构建及在HeLa细胞的表达

目的构建钩端螺旋体外膜脂蛋白Lipl21基因片段的真核表达重组质粒,利用脂质体体外转染HeLa细胞,探讨其在体外真核细胞中的表达情况,为寻找新的预防钩端螺旋体病的候选疫苗分子提供实验依据. 方法应用PCR技术从钩端螺旋体黄疸出血群赖型56601株基因组模板中扩增Lipl21基因,纯化回收后克隆入pUCM-T载体,再亚克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（＋）,运用脂质体2000将重组体pcDNA3.1（＋）/LipL21转染入HeLa细胞,免疫组化法观察目的基因的表达. 结果双酶切及测序鉴定证明成功构建LipL21真核表达重组体pcDNA3.1（＋）/LipL21,DNA测序显示重组质粒含有561bp的目的基因片段,读码框架正确,无碱基错配及移码突变.重组质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）/LipL21在体外HeLa细胞中能有效表达目的蛋白LipL21. 结论成功构建了钩端螺旋体Lipl21基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）/Lipl21,且能够在体外真核细胞中表达,为进一步筛选新的预防钩端螺旋体病的候选疫苗分子奠定了一定的实验基础.     

幽门螺杆菌尿素通道蛋白ureI基因真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的构建幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)尿素通道蛋白编码基因(ureI)的真核表达重组载体,并在HeLa细胞中表达,为核酸疫苗的研制奠定基础。方法以H.pyloriSS1株基因组为模板,PCR扩增ureI目的基因片段,定向插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)多克隆酶切位点中,构建重组载体pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI;通过酶切、PCR及测序鉴定,筛选阳性重组载体;脂质体法转染重组质粒入HeLa细胞,Western blot检测其在HeLa细胞中的表达。结果以H.pyloriSS1株基因组DNA为模板扩增出特异的ureI基因片段,大小约585 bp;双酶切及测序鉴定证明成功构建了H.pylori真核表达重组载体pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI;该重组质粒能够在HeLa细胞中表达目的蛋白。结论成功构建了真核重组载体pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI,并能在HeLa细胞中表达。     

弓形虫ROP2基因的体外扩增及真核表达重组质粒的构建

目的　构建弓形虫棒状体蛋白2（POP2）基因真核表达重组质粒。方法　根据ROP2基因已知序列,设计合成一对引物,上、下游引物分别引入EcoRI、SalI酶切位点,用PCR方法从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中扩增编码ROP2的基因片段,插入pGEX-4T-1质粒,构建原核表达重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-ROP2,而后经EcoR　I、Not　I双酶切出ROP2基因片段,再亚克隆到载体pcDNA3中构建真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3-ROP2。结果　ROP2基因体外扩增产物大小约1043bp,重组质粒经酶切及PCR鉴定表明获得正确重组子,克隆基因测序结果与已知序列基本吻合。结论　在国内首次克隆了弓形虫ROP2基因并构建了真核表达质粒pcDNA3-ROP2,为下一步弓形虫DNA疫苗研究打下了基础。     

小鼠LIF编码基因的克隆与真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-LIF的构建

目的：通过克隆小鼠LIF编码基因,构建pcDNA3.1-LIF真核表达载体,为下一步建立转基因动物模型奠定基础。方法：采用ICR雌性小鼠子宫组织,提取总RNA,运用RT-PCR技术,扩增出小鼠LIF基因全长编码序列,采用同源重组方法构建具有新霉素抗性的小鼠LIF真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-LIF。结果：通过PCR获得了约612 bp大小的特异性cDNA片段。经核苷酸序列分析,扩增得到的片段与小鼠LIF cDNA序列同源性为100%。经PCR及酶切鉴定筛选阳性克隆菌,表明LIF编码序列正确连入pcDNA3.1载体中。结论：成功克隆了小鼠LIF编码基因,并构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-LIF。     

弓形虫ROP2基因的体外扩增及真核表达重组质粒的构建

目的 构建弓形虫棒状体蛋白2（ROP2）基因真核表达重组质粒，方法 根据ROP2基因已知序列，设计合成一对引物，上，下游引物分别引入EcoRI,SalI酶切位点，用PCR方法从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中扩增编码ROP2的基因片段，插入pGEX-4T-1质粒，构建原核表达重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-ROP2，而后经EcoRI,NotI双酶切除ROP2基因片段，再亚克隆到载体pcDNA3中构建真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3-ROP2。结果 ROP2基因体外扩增产物大小约1043bp，重组质粒经酶切及PCR鉴定表明获得正确重组子，克隆基因测序结果与已知序列基本吻合。结论 在国内首次克隆了弓形虫ROP2基因并构建了真核表达质粒pcDNA3-ROP2。为下一步弓形虫DNA疫苗研究打下了基础。     

小鼠可溶性ST2基因的克隆及其真核表达载体的构建

目的:克隆小鼠可溶性ST2基因并构建其真核表达载体。方法:从小鼠肥大细胞株P815中提取总RNA,逆转录为cDNA,用热启动PCR技术,扩增小鼠可溶性ST2基因全长编码区,经双酶切后,克隆入pcDNA3.1载体中,构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-mST2,然后进行酶切鉴定和序列分析。结果:小鼠可溶性ST2基因的PCR产物和重组载体经凝胶电泳和酶切鉴定、测序分析证实,其序列与GenBank中数据一致。小鼠可溶性ST2基因的全长编码序列为1 011 bp,编码336个氨基酸。结论:用热启动PCR技术能方便、准确地获得目的基因片段。成功地克隆小鼠可溶性ST2基因并构建了其真核表达载体,为进一步进行小鼠可溶性ST2蛋白的表达和功能研究奠定了基础。     

推定编码嗜麦芽黄单胞菌整合酶类蛋白基因片段的克隆

目的扩增编码嗜麦芽黄单胞菌CG类受体的核酸序列。方法根据Grover报道的嗜麦芽黄单胞菌CG类受体的342 bp部分核酸序列设计的一特异引物P1和随机引物进行PCR扩增,将PCR产物克隆到pUCm-T载体上,对经酶切鉴定筛选的重组质粒上的插入片段进行测序和分析。结果将约500 bp PCR产物克隆到pUCm-T载体上,经酶切鉴定筛选得到重组质粒pUCm-Int。pUCm-Int上插入片段经M13通用引物测序,510 bp克隆片段(GenBank注册号为：AY363962)的410～486 bp与柑橘黄单胞菌质粒pXAC64上的XACb0009基因的9034～8958 bp部分有84％同源序列,由510 bp核酸序列编码的169氨基酸(aa)序列的4～166aa部分与柑橘黄单胞菌XACb0009基因编码的424aa整合酶类蛋白的38～200aa序列有62％同源序列。结论克隆到的510 bp核酸序列可能是编码嗜麦芽黄单胞菌整合酶类蛋白的部分基因序列。     

强制泛素化乙肝病毒核心抗原融合基因表达质粒的构建

目的 构建强制泛素化乙肝病毒核心抗原(HBcAg)融合基因真核表达质粒.方法 以HBV adr亚型全基因质粒pADR.为模板,PCR扩增HBcAg基因片段;无茵操作下分离Balb/C小鼠肝脏,提取mRNA,RTPCR扩增小鼠泛素基因片段.PCR产物经测序鉴定后双酶切,插入真核表达质粒pcDNA 3.1(-),构建重组真核表达质粒ub-HBcAg-pcDNA 3.1(-)酶切鉴定和基因测序.结果 扩增的泛素基因片段和HBcAg基因片段经测序证实序列正确;将上述基因双酶切后插入质粒pcDNA 3.1(-)中,构建强制泛素化rmcAg融合基因表达质粒ub-HBcAg-pcDNA3.1(-);融合基因真核表达质粒ub-HBcAG-pcDNA 3.1(-)经酶切、基因测序等鉴定证实目的基因序列和插入方向正确,与预期结果一致.结论 成功构建了强制泛素化乙肝病毒核心抗原融合基因真核表达质粒,为进一步研究强制泛素化HBcAg诱导HBV特异性CTL奠定了实验基础.     

尿路致病性大肠杆菌Ⅰ型菌毛fim H基因真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的 构建以尿路致病性大肠杆菌临床分离株Ⅰ型菌毛编码基因fimH 为目的基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.0-fimH.方法 提取尿路致病性大肠杆菌临床株基因组DNA,PCR扩增fimH基因片段,然后克隆至TA载体,通过PCR 、酶切及测序鉴定后,将fimH基因片段用限制性内切酶切下克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.0,构建pcDNA3.0-fimH重组质粒.通过PCR 、酶切对重组质粒pcDNA3.0-fimH进行鉴定.结果 PCR 法克隆出全长为903 bp 的fimH基因并构建了pcDNA3.0-fimH重组质粒.结论 本研究成功构建尿路致病性大肠杆菌Ⅰ型菌毛fimH基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.0-fimH,为尿路致病性大肠杆菌基因疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.