Early Resistance to experimental plague in animals immunized with recombinant plague vaccine

The protective properties of recombinantSalmonella minnesota R595/pFS1 strain soon after immunization (1–3 days) are studied in a model of experimental mouse plague. Unlike the commercial EV strainYersinia pestis vaccine produced at the Saratov Anti-Plague Institute (Mikrob Research-Manufacturing Conglomerate), the experimental recombinant p preparation affords a high level of protection from the 1st day postvaccination, and surpasses the commercial preparation in such parameters as LD₅₀, mean survival time, and percentage of survivors. By the 21st day the protective indexes of both preparations are comparable. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny,Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 54–57, January, 1995 Presented by A. A. Vorob'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of hyaluronidase electrophoresis from actinohyal solution on the formation of postoperative adhesions

Rats repeatedly administered hyaluronidase electrophoresis from a solution of actinohyal (a novel preparation containing the hyaluronidase produced by a pathogenicStreptomyces actinocidus strain) showed marked reductions in the incidence and density of postoperative adhesions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 589–591, December, 1995     

Effect of thymoptin on passive avoidance reaction conditioning in 18-month-old and castrated rats

The effect of the immunomodulator thymoptin containing thymic peptide hormones on the conditioned passive avoidance reaction is studied in aging and postcastration. The preparation, which inhibits atrophy of the thymus, is found to improve conditioning in aging rats and has no effect on learning or memory in castrated rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o . 8, pp. 167–168, August, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of some lectins on the cholinergic structures of the frog heart

The effect of lectins (phytohemagglutinin — PHA, concanavalin A — ConA,Pisum sativum lectin — PSL,Ricinus communis lectin — RCL, and pokeweed mitogen — PWM) on the cardiac cholinoceptors is studied in experiments on isolated hearts of maleRana temporaria frogs. The test lectins in concentrations from 10⁻²³ to 10⁻³ are shown to exhibit cholinomimetic properties. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 252–255, September, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Individual differences in responses to acute stress associated with type of behavior (Prediction of stress resistance)

On the basis of the initial parameters of behavior in the “open field,” “forced swimming,” and “emotional resonance” tests, the main behavioral parameters — the number of squares crossed, the number of standing postures, and the time of passive swimming — are shown to be predictable for stress in rats with different types of behavior. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 89–92, January, 1994 Presented by P. V. Simonov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The uptake of 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose by normal and tumor cellsin vitro

It is found that 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose (3D-I-glucose) enters both erythrocytes and tumor cells at a rate close to that of glucose entry. For tumor cells the total uptake of the preparation was 6-fold higher than for erythrocytes (1500 and 250 μM/mln. cells, respectively). Phosphorylated products of 3D-I-glucose were not detected; however, the total amount of preparation in the probes dropped during incubation, indicating that it is metabolized by the cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 654–655, June, 1994     

Blast transformation of lymphocytes and the activity of natural killer cells in the presence of γ-globulinin vitro

The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells against³H-uridine-labeled target cells (human erythromyeloleukosis cells K-562) and the intensity of spontaneous blast transformation are studiedin vitro in the presence of human serum γ-globulin. It is shown that spontaneous blast transformation is 49–51% due to the presence of aggregated γ-globulin, while the aggregate-free γ-globulin fraction does not induce this reaction. The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cellsin vitro declines in the presence of native γ-globulin, which is related to the influence of aggregated γ-globulin, the intensity of whose formation may increase upon a manyfold decrease in the γ-globulin content of the preparation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 625–630, December, 1994     

Toxicological study of king crab collagenase

A toxicological study of a preparation of king crab collagenase designed for local treatment of wounds shows that daily hypodermal administration of various concentrations of preparation (1.5 to 15 mg/ml) over 5 days does not affect erythrocyte morphology or hemoglobin content in laboratory animals (rats and rabbits). Systemic enzyme administration does not alter the histological structure of the kidneys (kidney is the target organ for enzyme) but leads to dose-dependent reversible degeneration of rat liver tissues. The milder effects of the preparation in comparison with a comparable dose of the widely used chymopsin affirm that this collagenase preparation is suitable for external use. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 390–393, April, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of immunization with sheep red cells on rat behavior

The changes of behavior of rats in the “open field” test and the conditioned reaction of passive avoidance during the humoral immune response to a conventional antigen-sheep red cells—are studied. The primary immune response is found to be accompanied by activation of the exploratory component of rat behavior and by a reduced capacity for the development of the passive avoidance reaction in the initial period of antibody production; the development of the secondary immune response led to a short-term increase in locomotor activity. The results point to the effect of the normal immune response on the physiology of rat behavior. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 474–476, November, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Responses of the arterial and venous vessels of the skeletal muscle to norepinephrine following damage to their endothelium

The functional activity of vascular endothelium in a muscle preparation from the feline gastrocnemius is impaired with ethanol, which results in an increase of an adrenergic responsiveness of the arterial compartment of the vascular bed. The exchange function of the microvessels changes little. Veins exhibit nonuniform changes in their responsiveness after exposure of their endotheliocytes to ethanol. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 315–318, September, 1994     

Effect of a peptide extract of fetal brain tissue on the intracellular pH of mouse peritoneal phagocytes

The intracellular pH (pH_i) of mouse peritoneal neutrophils, initially 0.2 U, drops after a 15-min incubation of these cells with a peptide extract of fetal brain tissue. Treatment with the preparation leads to appreciable changes in the distribution of neutrophils by the examined parameter. For macrophages, the acidifying effect of the agent and its effect on the pattern of cell distribution in terms of pH values are far less expressed. The effects of the agent in dilutions 1∶10² and 1∶10⁴ on the mean pH_i are virtually the same. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 626–630, December, 1995 Presented by V. I. Kulakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Immunomodulating effects of α1-acid glycoprotein (Orosomucoid) in a culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytesglycoprotein (Orosomucoid) in a culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The mechanisms of the antiproliferative effect of α₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP) isolated from the blood of healthy donors (nAGP) and from the ascitic fluid of patients with stomach cancer (aAGP) are studied. Three fractions of AGP are divided into 3 groups according to their ability to bind to concanavalin A (ConA): AGP not binding to ConA (AGP-1) and AGP weakly (AGP-2) and strongly (AGP-3) binding to ConA. It is shown that native preparation of aAGP has a more potent inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation than native preparation of nAGP. The most potent inhibitory effect is exerted by AGP-3. Native preparation of aAGP does not affect the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by lymphocytes, whereas AGP-1 inhibits this process. The weakly bound fraction has a stimulatory effect both on the proliferative response and on IL-2 secretion. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 71–73, July, 1994     

The murine toxin ofYersinia pestis: Some enzymatic activities

The phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and phospholipase activities identified in this study in a highly purified preparation of theYersinia pestis murine toxin should shed light on the mechanism by which this toxin acts on the target cells of plague-sensitive animals Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 602–605, December, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of peptidergic correction of hemorrhagic shock on the behavior of rats in the posthemorrhagic period

Hemorrhagic shock is shown to disturb the behavior of rats in the open field test. Infusion of a mixture of thyrotropin releasing hormone and FMRFa (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide) in subthreshold doses led to a partial recovery of the neurological status. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 623–625, December, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The effect of etimyzol on the development of the deafferentation pain syndrome

Administration of etimyzol in a dose of 4 mg/kg to rats with deafferentation pain syndrome reduces the incidence of the syndrome and its severity. This effect is associated with activation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal system. Systematic administration of the preparation models repeated stress, thus developing adaptation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3 pp. 258–261, March, 1996 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of picrotoxin and bicuculline on desensitization of the GABA receptor/Cl− ionophore complex

A study is performed of the effect of the convulsants picrotoxin and bicuculline, blockers of GABA-dependent Cl⁻-conductivity, on the rate of desensitization of muscimol-induced³⁶Cl⁻ entry into synaptoneurosomes isolated from rat cortex. Both picrotoxin and bicuculline, despite the difference in the mechanisms of inhibition of the GABA receptor/Cl⁻ ionophore complex, markedly reduce the rate of desensitization. However, the initial moment of the action of both convulsants is characterized by inhibition of Cl⁻ transport alone, without a drop of the rate of desensitization. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 160–163, August, 1994     

Effect of a preparation of exogenous histone administered by different routes on intraspecific aggression in male mice

A study is made of the effect of a preparation of exogenous histone from calf thymus administered intranasally and intraperitoneally on intraspecific aggression in male mice. The histone is shown to exert a short-term suppressive effect on aggression with both routes of administration which manifests itself in a reduced number of attacks. However, the effective doses with intranasal administration are considerably lower than in the case of intraperitoneal injections. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 271–272, September, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Determination of the biological activity of chalone-containing preparation from Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and its fractions obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography in a cell culture derived from this tumor

It is shown that cultured Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells are a convenient test system for the investigation of the effects of various factors on DNA synthesis in the cells of this tumor. The application of this system markedly facilitates fractionation of a chalone-containing preparation, the purpose of this fractionation being the isolation of components affecting specific phases of the mitotic cycle. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 80–82, January, 1994     

Behavioral effects of penicillin in a test for anxiety in rats

The use of benzylpenicillin in a wide range of doses to test its influence on the behavior of rats in the elevated-plus maze revealed its activating effects on various behavioral parameters in doses between 10,000 and 150,000 U/kg, indicating that this penicillin exhibits a degree of anxiolytic activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 352–354, October, 1995     

Ambiguity of the effect of high and low doses of amino-acid preparations on the immune response and phagocytosis in mice

It is shown that the effect of amino-acid preparations (levamine-70–70, cerebrolysin, and aviamine) is dose-dependent. Thus, levamine-70 and cerebrolysin at 65 mg/kg do not affect the immune response but stimulate phagocytosis. Aviamine at 65 mg/kg inhibits the immune response but stimulates phagocytosis and in a dose of 6.5×10⁻² mg/kg boosts both processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 500–501, May, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences