AMI患者PCI后心肌灌注水平对心功能及左室重构的影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者经皮冠脉介入术（PCI）后TIMI血流III级时的心肌灌注水平及其对心功能与左室重构的影响。方法: 对36例AMI患者PCI后行经静脉心肌声学造影（MCE）和心脏二维超声检查。①利用心肌声学造影评分（MCS）及室壁运动评分(WMS)分析PCI后心肌灌注情况与室壁运动情况的关系;②根据声学造影积分指数（CSI）将患者分为A、B两组,比较两组的左室射血分数（LVEF）,评估心肌灌注水平对心功能的影响;③根据心脏二维超声结果,比较两组患者术后6个月时左室舒张末直径（LVEDD）及LVEF的变化,进一步评估心肌灌注水平对左室重构的影响。结果: PCI后梗死相关血管TIMI血流均达III级。共152节段与梗死相关血管的再灌注有关。①MCS为0分的18节段中,2个（11.1%）WMS为1~2分;MCS为0.5分的30节段中16个（53.3 %）WMS为1~2分;MCS为1分的104节段中,82个（78.8%）WMS为1~2分;统计学分析显示,PCI后心肌灌注水平与室壁运动呈正相关（P<0.05）。②心肌灌注好的A组LVEF显著大于B组［(52.1±3.4)%,(47.2±2.9)%,P<0.05］。③术后6个月A组的LVEF及LVEDD均无明显变化,B组的LVEF较前有所下降［(47.2±2.9)%,(43.8±4.4)%,P<0.05］,LVEDD较前有所增加［(50.2±2.9) mm,(56.3±3.1) mm,P<0.05］。结论: AMI患者PCI后心肌灌注水平与心功能及左室重构有一定相关性,良好的心肌灌注在一定程度上可以抑制左室重构。     

急性心肌梗死后存活心肌对梗死相关血管晚期血运重建术后左室功能的影响

目的探讨存活心肌对急性心肌梗死(AMI)后梗死相关血管(IRA)晚期血运重建术后远期左室功能以及左室重构的影响.方法69例AMI未接受早期再灌注治疗者,于发病10～21 d行IRA经皮冠状动脉血运重建(PCI)术,术前于AMI发病后5～10 d应用小剂量多巴酚丁胺(5和10μg·min-1·kg-1)超声心动图负荷试验检测存活心肌,并分别测定和计算给药前后左室腔大小、左室射血分数(LVEF)以及室壁运动积分(WMS).按有无存活心肌分为存活心肌组和无存活心肌组,超声心动图随访术后6个月时两组左室腔大小、LVEF和WMS的变化.结果157个运动异常节段中89个节段(57%)有存活心肌,有存活心肌组26例(占38%),无存活心肌组43例(占62%).存活心肌组术后6个月LVEF较术前明显提高(P＜0.05),收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)和WMS明显降低(P＜0.05和P＜0.01);而无存活心肌组LVEF较术前明显降低(P＜0.01),LVESVI和左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)较术前明显增加(P＜0.05),WMS无明显变化.存活心肌组多巴酚丁胺负荷时的LVEF和WMS明显改善,且与6个月时的测定值相近;而无存活心肌组PCI前应用多巴酚丁胺LVEF和WMS均无明显变化.结论AMI后有存活心肌者晚期血运重建有利于改善远期左室功能和减少左室重构.心肌梗死后早期小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷状态下左室收缩功能的提高预示晚期血运重建术后心功能改善.     

早期补镁对心肌梗死再灌注时心肌顿抑的影响

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期补给硫酸镁对再灌注时心肌顿抑及梗死后左室收缩功能的影响. 方法将82例AMI患者随机分为硫酸镁干预组(n=42)和对照组(n=40),干预组在接受再灌注治疗前30min静脉给予25%硫酸镁20m1,两组均接受静脉溶栓或直接经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI).再灌注成功的病例采用低剂量多巴酚丁胺超声负荷试验(LDDE)检测顿抑心肌的发生,并测定梗死后左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室收缩末期容量(LVESV). 结果与对照组相比,硫酸镁干预组的顿抑心肌节段和梗死心肌节段较少(P＜0.05),左室收缩功能优于对照组(P＜0.05). 结论AMI再灌注治疗同时早期补镁作为一种辅助治疗手段具有重要的意义.     

糖尿病和非糖尿病急性前壁心肌梗死晚期成功血运重建术后左室功能的变化及其与存活心肌的关系

目的:比较糖尿病和非糖尿病前壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)晚期成功血运重建术对心肌梗死后远期左室功能和预后的影响以及与存活心肌的关系.方法:选择依据病史、心电图和心肌损伤标志物等检查证实为首次发作的前壁AMI,并于发病后2周左右接受冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)的患者共计125例,其中参照WHO诊断标准确诊为并发糖尿病者(A组)43例,未并发糖尿病者(B组)82例.PCI前行超声心动图检查,了解左室功能和梗死相关区域存活心肌的情况.详细分析和记录PCI前后冠状动脉造影的结果.并分别于PCI前和术后6 h、24 h采取静脉血检测血清CK-MB和肌钙蛋白T水平.术后6个月重复超声心动图检查,了解左室功能和室壁活动异常的变化,并随访其间主要心血管事件的发生情况.结果:冠状动脉造影显示,与B组相比,A组PCI后即刻靶血管TIMI 2级血流所占的比例较多,TIMI 3级较少(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01).术后CK-MB和肌钙蛋白T增高者A组明显多于B组(25.6%∶9.8%,P<0.05).小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声负荷试验结果示A组中62.8%和B组中56.1%的患者有存活心肌,2组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).急性期2组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)、收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)以及室壁运动积分(WMS)基本相同(均P>0.05).术后6个月随访,B组WMS明显减少,LVEF明显增高;而A组LVEF和WMS均无明显改善,LVEDVI反而增加;2组相比LVEDVI、LVESVI、LVEF和WMS均有明显差异(分别P<0.05和P<0.01).随访期间2组主要心血管事件的发生率差异无统计学意义(18.6%∶11.0%,P>0.05).结论:糖尿病AMI晚期成功血运重建对远期左室功能的改善作用较非糖尿病者差,其结果可能与糖尿病患者晚期PCI后缺血心肌未能得到有效再灌注或再灌注加重心肌损伤有关,而术前存活心肌可能不是影响其疗效的主要原因.     

恢复期心肌梗死患者PCI治疗作用的超声评价

目的 评价心肌梗死恢复期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对患者近期及远期左室功能的影响.方法 对30例首次心肌梗死患者于发病(5.8±2.7)周行PCI,并于术前(4.8±4.3)d、术后(4.5±2.6)d及术后(6.3±1.5)个月行心脏超声检查,观察PCI对左室容量、左室功能的影响.结果 PCI组术后近期及远期左室容量较术前减小、左室收缩功能明显改善,而左室舒张功能无明显变化.结论 在心肌梗死恢复期,PCI能改善患者的近期及远期左室功能.     

曲尼司特对急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌纤维化的影响

目的:观察曲尼司特对大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心肌纤维化和左室功能的影响。方法:结扎大鼠 冠状动脉制成AMI模型,随机分成假手术组(6只)、AMI组(8只)、曲尼司特组(7只)和苯那普利组(6只)。于 第4周末,用放射免疫法测定血浆和心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ含量,用氯胺T法测定羟脯氨酸含量,动脉插管测定大鼠 左室心功能。结果:与AMI组比较,曲尼司特不能降低血浆和心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ水平,但能减少非梗死区心肌羟 脯氨酸含量,降低左室舒张末压,升高±dp/dt。结论:曲尼司特可减轻AMI后左室心肌纤维化,改善左室功能。     

胰岛素抵抗对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心肌组织灌注及心室功能的影响

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者PCI术后心肌组织灌注及左心室功能的影响。方法根据稳态模式评估法的胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）水平将我院84例首次AMI患者分为两组，HOMA—IR〉5为胰岛素抵抗（IR），非IR组52例，IR组32例。所有入选病例均于发病后24h内行PCI治疗后行心肌呈色分级，评价心肌微循环灌注情况，并于术后1周及1个月行心脏超声心动图检查，分别测定左室射血分数、心指数，评价心室功能。结果非IR组心肌组织灌注，PCI术后1周及1个月左心室功能指标优于IR组。结论AMI患者IR会影响心肌微循环灌注、心功能及预后。     

应用VVI技术评价急性心肌梗死患者左室节段性收缩功能

目的探讨速度向量成像（VVI）技术评价急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者左室节段性收缩功能的临床应用价值。方法选择AMI患者60例和健康志愿者40例,启动VVI模式,在选取切面上分别测量并比较两组间左室壁各节段的纵向及径向收缩期峰值速度（V）、应变（S）及应变率（SR）的差异。结果 AMI组梗死节段与非梗死节段心肌V、S、SR均低于对照组正常节段（P〈0.01）;AMI组梗死节段和非梗死节段心肌V、S、SR从心功能Ⅰ至Ⅳ级依次减低（P〈0.01）。结论 VVI技术可客观、定量评价AMI患者的节段性收缩功能,有望成为评价AMI左室局部收缩功能的新方法。     

早期补镁对心肌梗死再灌注时心肌顿抑的影响

目的:评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期补给硫酸镁对再灌注时心肌顿抑及梗死后左室收缩功能的影响。方法:将82例AMI患者随机分为硫酸镁干预组(n=42)和对照组(n=40),干预组在接受再灌注治疗前30min静脉给予25％硫酸镁20ml,两组均接受静脉溶栓或直接经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)。再灌注成功的病例采用低剂量多巴酚丁胺超声负荷试验(LDDE)检测顿抑心肌的发生,并测定梗死后左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室收缩末期容量(LVESV)。结果:与对照组相比,硫酸镁干预组的顿抑心肌节段和梗死心肌节段较少(P<0.05),左室收缩功能优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:AMI再灌注治疗同时早期补镁作为一种辅助治疗手段具有重要的意义。     

药物负荷三维超声心动图检测存活心肌的价值

目的：利用药物负荷三维超声心动图试验,检测心肌梗死患者的存活心肌。方法：50例心肌梗死患者行冠脉血液灌注重建术（PCI,CABG）,在术前行三维超声心动图检查和多巴酚丁胺负荷超声试验,根据术后一个月复查心脏超声结果左室整体EF较术前改善〉5％与否分为存活心肌组（41例）和无存活心肌组（9例）,三维超声检查时进行左室三维重建,将左心室分为17个节段,比较负荷试验前后左室整体射血分数（EF）及左室壁各节段的射血分数EF值。结果：术后1月多巴酚丁胺负荷三维超声试验：与负荷试验前比较,存活心肌组于负荷试验时左室整体EF值[（40±13）％比（53±15）％,P〈0．05],梗死区相关节段EF值[（33±12）％比（50±18）％,P〈0．01]均明显改善;无存活心肌组负荷试验前后左室整体EF值,梗死区相关节段EF值无明显改善（P均〉0．05）。心梗患者于冠脉术后1月复查三维超声心动图,存活心肌组左室整体EF值术前、术后为（40±13）％,（49±15）％,改善20％,无存活心肌组EF值术前、术后为（36±8）％,（38±10）％,改善≤5％。结论：多巴酚丁胺负荷三维超声心动图检查对心肌梗死患者存活心肌的检测客观、可定量,有一定的临床应用价值。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的 :评价心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者经皮冠状动脉介入 （PCI）治疗对左心收缩功能和左心室重构的影响。方法 :急性心肌梗死 （AMI）患者 30例 ,陈旧性心肌梗死 （OMI） 2 2例 ,经 PTCA、支架术治疗 ,术后随访 3个月 ,超声心动图测定左室舒张末内径 （L VEd）、左心房内径 （L Ad）、左室舒张末容积 （L VEDV）、左室收缩末容积（L VESV）、左室射血分数 （L VEF）和左室短轴缩短率 （L VFS） ,比较治疗前后各参数的变化。结果 :PCI治疗后L VEd、L Ad、L VEDV、L VESV显著减少 （P<0 .0 1）、L VEF和 L VFS显著增高 （P<0 .0 1） ,尤以 AMI组明显 ,并且冠状动脉血运重建的时间越早 ,心功能恢复越好。结论 :心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者尽早 PCI治疗可明显改善左心室收缩功能 ,可部份阻抑左心室重构。     

Usefulness of ultrasonic strain measurements to predict regional wall motion recovery in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention

Strain Doppler echocardiography can detect systolic regional myocardial dysfunction. This study assessed whether strain could predict recovery of regional left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Forty-three patients with anterior AMI undergoing successful percutaneous coronary intervention of the left anterior descending coronary artery were studied. Longitudinal myocardial strain was measured at the left anterior descending coronary artery territory in the apical long-axis view within 24 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention. Regional wall motion was analyzed by the anterior wall motion score index (A-WMSI). Viable myocardium was defined as a decrease < or = 2.0 in A-WMSI. Patients were categorized as A-WMSI at 4 weeks into a viable group (n = 24) and a nonviable group (n = 19). End-systolic strain and peak strain were significantly lower in the nonviable group than in the viable group (-4.8 +/- 4.8% vs -9.9 +/- 4.7 %, p <0.005; -9.9 +/- 4.6 vs -13.5 +/- 4.1 %, p <0.05). Moreover, corrected time to peak strain (cTPS; time delay from end-systolic to peak strain/RR interval) was significantly longer in the nonviable group than in the viable group (0.19 +/- 0.04 vs 0.13 +/- 0.03, p <0.0001). For prediction of viable myocardium, cTPS <0.15 had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 85%. In conclusion, strain, especially cTPS, is useful for predicting recovery of regional left ventricular function in patients with AMI after percutaneous coronary intervention.     

Decreased expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) in non-infarcted myocardium after acute myocardial infarction

Although cardiac NHE1 is activated during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, little is known about changes in expression in non-infarcted myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to examine left ventricular function and region dependent NHE1 expression after myocardial infarction. Therefore, we produced two AMI models in rats, a small infarction model which was continuously ligated at the branches of the left coronary artery, and an extensive infarction model continuously ligated at the root of the artery. We examined NHE1 mRNA expression using RNase protection assay and protein levels using Western blot analysis in non-infarcted myocardium during the 24 hour period after AMI. The level of NHE1 mRNA and protein expression in the whole heart including the infarcted myocardium did not change after a small infarction. On the other hand, in the case of an extensive infarction, the levels of NHE1 mRNA and protein expression decreased significantly by 21.5% (P<0.05) and by 22.0% (P<0.05), respectively, in non-infarcted myocardium. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) decreased significantly by 13% and 38% with the branch and root ligation, respectively. However, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) only increased with the root ligation. These results indicate that NHE1 expression decreased in response to extensive myocardial infarction only in non-infarcted myocardium. The present study may be important in furthering the understanding of NHE1 in myocardial infarction and suggests that decreased expression of NHE1 in non-infarcted myocardium may decrease the extent of cardiac cell injury.     

心肌梗死并心功能不全患者冠状动脉介入治疗的作用

目的 :评价心肌梗死 (MI)并左心功能不全患者经皮冠状动脉介入术 (PCI)对左心收缩功能和左心室重构的作用。方法 :5 2例MI并左心功能不全患者 ,急性心肌梗死 (AMI) 30例 ,陈旧性心肌梗死 (OMI) 2 2例 ,行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术加支架术治疗 ,术后随访 3个月 ,超声心动图测定左室舒张末内径 (LVEd)、左心房内径(LAd)、左室舒张末容积 (LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积 (LVESV)、左室射血分数 (LVEF)和左室短轴缩短率 (LVFS) ,比较治疗前后各参数的变化。结果 :PCI治疗后LVEd、LAd、LVEDV、LVESV较治疗前均明显减少 (均P <0 .0 1)、LVEF和LVFS明显增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,尤以AMI组明显 ,并且冠状动脉血运重建的时间越早 ,心功能恢复越好。结论 :MI并左心功能不全患者尽早PCI治疗可明显改善左心室收缩功能 ,部分阻抑左心室重构。     

心肌梗死心功能不全患者冠状动脉介入术后心功能恢复的时间进程

目的 探讨心肌梗死心功能不全患者冠状动脉介入术后心功能恢复的时间进程。方法30例左室射血分数（LVEF）<50％的心肌梗死患者,分别于冠状动脉介入术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月检查二维超声心动图,观察室壁节段运动指数（WMSI）和LVEF的变化。结果 心功能改善组于冠状动脉介入术后1个月即出现WMSI和LVEF的改善,至术后3个月继续改善;在心功能改善组中,急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者术后1个月上述指标即有明显改善,而陈旧性心梗（OMI）于术后3个月方有明显改善。结论 有大量存活心肌的心肌梗死心功能不全患者,冠状动脉介入术后心功能恢复呈进行性经过;心肌梗死患者尽早行冠状动脉介入术能使患者心功能及早恢复。     

心肌梗死区存活心肌对糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心功能的影响(英文)

目的:探讨糖尿病急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者心肌梗死区存活心肌对左室重构及左心功能的影响。方法:208例2型糖尿病并急性心肌梗死PCI术后的患者接受静息状态下18-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描术(18F-FDG PET)心肌代谢显像与99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈单光子发射型计算机断层成像术(99Tcm-MIBI SPECT)心肌灌注显像,根据心肌梗死区有无存活心肌,分为有心肌存活组(115例,灌注-代谢不匹配)和无心肌存活组(93例,灌注一代谢匹配)。检测两组PCI术前、术后超声心动图各指标,观察心肌梗死区心肌存活状态对于左室重构以及心功能的影响。结果:心肌梗死12个月后有存活心肌组左室射血分数(LVEF)显著高于无存活心肌组[(46.7±6.98)%比(44.1±7.12)%],左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)[(53.17±4.77)mm比(55.46±4.75)mm],左房内径[(35.89±12.08)mm比(39.25±11.31)mm]显著小于无存活心肌组,P均<0.05。舒张期二尖瓣血流速度峰值的比值12个月后两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:于2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死的患者,心肌梗死区有存活心肌患者较无心肌存活患者,LVEF明显改善,左室舒张末期内径显著缩小。     

急性心肌梗死患者室壁运动及心功能损害与发病-超声检查时间的关系

目的 探索急性心肌梗死患者室壁运动及心功能损害与发病-超声检查时间的关系.方法 收集初发急性心肌梗死患者219例,均已排除陈旧性心肌梗死、早期心肌再梗死、严重的瓣膜性心脏病、先天性心脏病、心肌病等影响室壁运动及心功能的疾病.所有患者均在予冠状动脉介入干预前行经胸超声心动图检查,采用二维超声等方法测量或（和）计算左心室舒张末期内径（left ventricular diameters in diastasis,LVDd）、收缩末期内径（left ventricular diameters in systole,LVDs）、左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、室壁运动计分指数（wall motion index,WMI）及运动正常节段（fragments with normal wall motion,FM）百分比等参数,并精确记录发病-超声检查时间.结果 WMI、LVDd、LVDs、LVEF、FM百分比与发病-超声检查时间的相关关系均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,相关系数分别为0.167,0.235,0.258,-0.196,-0.144.在WMI的多重线性回归分析结果显示,变量FM百分比、LVEF、左回旋支和（或）右冠状动脉进入方程（R2=0.878,justed R2=0.876）,偏回归系数分别为-1.103,-0.030,-0.001.结论 对于未予冠状动脉介入干预的急性心肌梗死患者,其室壁运动及心功能均随发病-超声检查时间的增加而减弱.     

Convalescent stage coronary flow reserve and late myocardial morphologic outcomes in patients with first anterior acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Microvascular damage immediately after reperfusion therapy is an independent predictor of left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, its recovery may vary among individuals and the relationship between convalescent stage microvasculature and late myocardial morphologic change is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients treated with coronary angioplasty within 12 h of their first anterior AMI were enrolled in this study. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was measured 3 weeks post AMI, in both branches of the left coronary artery: culprit (left anterior descending artery: LAD) and non-culprit (left circumflex artery: LCX). Left ventriculography was performed at 3 weeks and 6 months post AMI and compared. Seventeen patients showed abnormal CFR in the LAD (Group 1: CFR<2), whereas 20 patients showed normal CFR (Group 2: CFR >/=2). Percent changes of end-diastolic volume tended to be higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (11.8+/-21.6% vs -1.3+/-14.4%, p=0.056), and %changes of end-systolic volume was significantly smaller in Group 2 (11.8+/-22.1% vs -8.7+/-25.1%, p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was found between absolute and relative CFR in the LAD and %change of end-systolic volume (r=-0.58: p<0.001, and r=0.40: p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Microvascular function in the convalescent stage may be related to these favorable changes.     

Time course and determinants of left ventricular function recovery after primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the importance of time in relation to treatment, time course and determinants of recovery of left ventricular (LV) function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). BACKGROUND: Myocardial salvage has been shown to be dependent on the time elapsed from the onset of AMI to reperfusion. METHODS: Left ventricular function was evaluated at hospital admission, after angioplasty, at 24 h and 6 months by both echocardiography and angiography and at 1, 7, 30, 90 and 180 days by echocardiography in 101 consecutive patients. RESULTS: Patients were allocated to three groups according to interval between symptom onset and angioplasty: <2 h (group A), 2 to 4 h (group B) and >4 h (group C). Patients in groups A and B showed a progressive improvement of LV function between day 7 and day 90, which became statistically significant at day 30 (p < 0.01). No LV function changes were noted in group C patients. Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade <3 at 24 h was not associated with any significant change in LV volume and function during the six-month follow-up period. Restenosis, when associated with TIMI flow grade 3 in the infarct-related vessel, did not influence LV function. Flow grade <3 of the infarct-related artery was not associated with any improvement of cardiac events independently from the time to treatment at the initial procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing primary PTCA for AMI have a good recovery of LV function if TIMI flow grade 3 is restored within 4 h. Coronary angioplasty limits further remodeling of the LV in patients treated after 4 h.