成都大学生吸烟行为健康信念与时间洞察力的相关研究

探讨健康信念与时间洞察力对成都大学生吸烟行为的影响,为针对性控烟干预提供科学依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取四川成都3 016名大学生作为调查对象,使用健康信念量表和未来时间洞察力问卷进行调查.结果 四川大学生吸烟率为20.9%,专科学生吸烟率最高(31.65%),男生吸烟率(35.73%)高于女生(4.48%)(x2=444.36,P<0.01).大学生健康信念总平均分为(1.74±0.46)分,不吸烟的感知到益处与感知到障碍在不同吸烟行为组别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).不吸烟的障碍、目的意识和未来意向是大学生吸烟行为的保护因素(OR值分别为0.596,0.814,0.444,P值均<0.01),而吸烟的感知易感性、感知严重性、不吸烟的感知到利益和远目标定向是吸烟行为的危险因素(OR值分别为1.371,1.332,2.640,1.630,P值均<0.01).结论 成都大学生吸烟情况较严峻.健康信念与未来时间洞察力对大学生吸烟行为有影响,健康知识对大学生吸烟行为有预防作用,同时应提高吸烟者的时间规划意识.     

四川乡镇高中生吸烟行为及影响因素分析

探讨健康信念与乐观偏差对四川乡镇中学生吸烟行为的影响,为开展针对性的吸烟干预提供科学依据.方法 采用方便抽样的方法,抽取四川2个地区的乡镇中学954名高中生作为调查对象,使用健康信念量表和乐观偏差问卷进行调查.结果 四川乡镇高中生吸烟率为27.15%,高三学生吸烟率最高(31.61%),男生(44.31%)吸烟率高于女生(13.53%) (x2=114.58,P<0.01).中学生群体键康信念总均分为(1.93±0.38)分,吸烟的自觉罹患性与自觉严重性、自觉利益性和自觉障碍性在不同吸烟行为组别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).不吸烟的自觉障碍性与积极事件乐观偏差是中学生吸烟行为的保护因素(OR值分别为1.799,1.283,P值均<0.05),而不吸烟的自觉利益性、自我消极与消极事件型乐观偏差均是吸烟行为的危险因素(OR值分别为0.457,0.757,0.802,P值均<0.05).结论 四川乡镇中学生吸烟情况形势严峻.健康信念与乐观偏差对中学生吸烟行为有显著影响,健康知识对中学生吸烟行为有预防作用,同时应提高吸烟者的行为风险意识.     

成都市青少年吸烟饮酒行为现状及其与青春期发动的关系

了解成都市青少年吸烟、饮酒现状及与青春期发动的关系,为学校健康促进提供依据.方法 整群抽取2015年5月-2016年1月成都市10所中学11~16岁青少年2 484名作为研究对象.通过中国青少年健康行为调查问卷了解青少年吸烟、饮酒现状,通过测量男生睾丸体积和阴毛生长情况,女生乳房和初潮年龄分析青春期提前和延后的情况,以及对对青少年吸烟饮酒产生的影响.结果 青少年吸烟、饮酒行为检出率分别为19.89%,32.93%,其中男生分别为25.15%,41.10%,女生分别为14.07%,23.89%.性别及年龄是吸烟和饮酒行为的危险因素(OR吸烟值分别为1.152,1.135;OR饮酒值分别为1.068,1.142,P值均<0.05).青春期提前的男、女生吸烟、饮酒比例均高于适时组和延后组(x2男生值分别为14.311,9.699x2女生生值分别为26.640,7.796,P值均<0.01).结论 成都市青少年吸烟和饮酒比例仍较高,并且青春期提前的学生更容易养成吸烟、饮酒等不良嗜好.     

厦门市中小学生尝试吸烟现状及影响因素分析

了解厦门市中小学生尝试吸烟现状及相关影响因素,为制定青少年控烟策略提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对厦门市19所中小学校的6 085名学生进行现场问卷调查,对尝试吸烟的影响因素进行分析.结果 厦门市中小学生尝试吸烟率为20.9%,高中男生尝试吸烟率(45.0%)明显高于其他学段男生(x2=12.693,P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归结果显示,男生、父母文化程度低、控烟技巧掌握水平低、家庭被动吸烟、家长未明确禁止孩子吸烟、同伴吸烟的学生尝试吸烟的危险度高(P值均<0.05);而对吸烟行为认同度低、学校禁烟措施严格、获取烟草途径难、接触媒体广告少的学生尝试吸烟的危险度较低(P值均<0.05).结论 学校、家庭、社会联合起来,共同创造一个良好的无烟环境,才能有效预防和控制青少年吸烟.     

甘肃省初中生吸烟状况及影响因素分析

了解甘肃省初中学生吸烟现状及相关影响因素,为青少年控烟工作提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,从甘肃省8个县区抽取3 500名在校初中学生进行问卷调查,获得完整有效资料3 324份.结果 初中生现在吸烟率为7.7%,尝试吸烟率为22.2%,男生尝试吸烟率(37.2%)高于女生(6.8%),差异有统计学意义(x2=444.673,P<0.01).尝试吸烟的学生报告通常在学校、家庭和朋友家吸烟的比例分别为17.0%,10.7%和6.7%.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男生、年级较高、朋友吸烟、认为吸烟使人更有吸引力、在室内公共场所暴露二手烟、过去30 d看到过烟草广告的初中学生尝试吸烟的风险较高,差异均有统计学意义(OR值分别为5.595,0.770,5.473,1.761,1.943,1.262,P值均<0.05).结论 甘肃省初中学生吸烟状况较严重,尝试吸烟的影响因素较为广泛.需要社会、学校和家庭共同干预,减少初中学生的吸烟行为.     

广东省2007-2016年青少年物质滥用行为变化趋势

分析广东省青少年物质滥用行为动态变化趋势,为制定科学有效的干预措施提供理论依据.方法 分析2007-2016年广东省青少年健康危险行为监测数据,比较分析吸烟、饮酒、滥用药物和毒品等物质滥用行为变化情况.结果 2016年广东青少年尝试吸烟率(27.37%)、现在吸烟率(8.32%)、被动吸烟率(45.52%)、现在饮酒率(27.97%)、毒品使用率(0.75%)较2007年(32.40%,10.81%,52.69%,31.97%,1.35%)均呈下降趋势,年均降幅分别为1.89%,2.95%,1.64%,1.50%,6.75%(x2趋势值分别为152.73,92.50,313.92,46.48,46.64,P值均<0.01).10年间4次调查农村青少年现在吸烟行为发生率(12.02%,10.64%,9.99%,10.10%)均高于城市(8.88%,8.52%,8.17%,6.56%),差异均有统计学j意义(x2值分别为54.46,26.62,25.23,100.43,P值均<0.01);城市青少年现在饮酒行为发生率(33.57%,30.37%,35.76%,30.46%)均高于农村(30.97%,28.48%,28.47%,25.32%),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为16.71,10.13,153.47,81.76,P值均<0.01);现在饮酒行为发生率以大学生为最高(47.71%,41.76%,42.36%,37.77%),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为583.37,681.25,610.04,729.02,P值均<0.01);现在吸烟行为发生率以职校生(16.36%,17.00%,14.90%,16.71%)为最高,差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为256.45,515.61,339.63,742.52,P值均<0.01);除2010年大学生毒品使用率(2.02%)最高外,其他年份以职校生最高,差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为66.92,34.38,23.08,20.55,P值均<0.01).结论 广东省青少年吸烟、滥用药物和毒品等物质滥用行为发生率逐年下降,现在饮酒率有所下降.应针对性加强对农村学生吸烟、城市学生饮酒、职校学生吸烟和毒品使用的干预.     

中学生吸烟行为意向影响因素分析

基于计划行为理论考察影响中学生吸烟行为意向的相关因素,为青少年吸烟行为干预提供理论支持.方法 在四川省乐山市选取2所中学随机抽取1 303名学生进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 18.0对数据进行统计分析.结果 有吸烟经历者占被试总数的25.6%,其中男生占16.1%,女生占9.5%;初中生占10.1%,高中生占15.6%.结构方程模型分析结果显示,吸烟行为经验、知觉行为控制、态度、示范性规范能依次有效预测高中生吸烟行为意向;吸烟行为经验、态度、知觉行为控制、指令性规范能依次有效预测初中生吸烟行为意向(P值均<0.05).结论 基于计划行为理论对中学生吸烟行为意向的预测具有重要意义.     

重庆市青少年吸烟行为与感觉寻求冲动性的关系

了解青少年吸烟行为与感觉寻求、冲动性的关系,为预防和降低吸烟行为提供参考.方法 采用方便抽样方法,在重庆市某区选取初中、高中和大学各1所.在初中及高中采取整群抽样方法抽取所有在校生,在大学采取随机整群抽样方法,共抽取4 235名青少年完成吸烟行为问卷、冲动性和感觉寻求量表.结果 青少年吸烟率为13.2%;不同性别、生源地、父母文化水平、学段的青少年吸烟率差异均有统计学意义(X2值分别为161.93,24.76,24.50,13.73,P值均<0.01).不同吸烟情况、性别、生源地青少年的感觉寻求(Z值分别为-13.47,-2.85,-3.62,P值均<0.01)和冲动性(Z值分别为-8.21,-4.72,-2.94,P值均<0.01)得分差异均有统计学意义,吸烟、男生、城市青少年2种特质得分均高于相应组;不同父母文化水平青少年的感觉寻求得分差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.86,P<0.01);不同学段青少年的冲动性得分差异有统计学意义(H=51.03,P<0.01).青少年吸烟行为与感觉寻求、冲动性之间均呈正相关(r值分别为0.22,0.13,P值均<0.01);感觉寻求(OR=1.229,95%CI=1.182~1.278)、冲动性(OR=1.057,95%CI=1.001~1.117)能够影响青少年吸烟.结论 学校应结合青少年感觉寻求和冲动性的特点进行吸烟行为预防和干预.     

基于社会认知理论的中职学生控烟干预实践研究

了解社会认知理论为基础在中职学生中开展控烟干预实践的效果,为探寻切实可行的学生控烟策略提供参考.方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,在上海选择4所中职学校学生为研究对象,并随机分成干预组(2所,1 003名)和对照组(2所,1 096名).基于社会认知理论在干预组中开展干预,干预时间为6个月;对照组为空白对照.通过描述性和分析性统计方法评估干预效果.结果 干预后,干预组的现在吸烟率(2.77%)、未来1年吸烟意向(8.50%)均降低,对烟草危害及二手烟具体危害的认知均增加(39.04%,32.93%),拒烟自我效能增加(88.93%),行为压力降低(12.40%),家庭二手烟暴露率下降(35.45%),控烟信息的媒体关注度上升(36.68%),与对照组之间差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为8.67,19.32,17.87,8.32,13.51,14.71,17.36,20.09,P值均<0.01).结论 以社会认知理论为基础的控烟模式能够有效提高青少年的自我效能,增加青少年的烟草相关知识,可降低青少年的未来吸烟意向和吸烟行为.     

创建学校无烟环境对中学生吸烟知信行的影响

比较深圳市创建学校无烟环境活动前后中学生吸烟认知、态度、行为水平变化情况,评估创建活动效果,为学校控烟工作提供参考.方法 采用随机多阶段整群抽样的方法,选取深圳市3个区5所中学为干预组开展创建学校无烟环境活动干预,随机选取5所中学为对照组不开展干预活动,对两组学校创建活动前后初一到高二年级学生进行随机抽样问卷调查,评估学生吸烟知识知晓、态度、行为水平.结果 干预组人群的知识知晓率由干预前的78.60%提高到干预后的85.21%(x2=44.89,P<0.01),态度正确率由干预前的73.86%提高到干预后的77.07% (x2=4.72,P=0.03);而行为形成率在干预前后分别为90.57%,91.74%,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.56,P=0.21).对照组的知识知晓率、态度正确率、行为形成率干预前分别为76.50%,72.68%,83.82%,干预后分别为77.77%,73.48%,84.46%,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 无烟学校创建活动能提高学校健康教育的效果,使中学生的烟草认知情况产生明显的改善,但对吸烟行为无明显影响.建议在全社会范围推广全面无烟政策.     

Peers, schools, and adolescent cigarette smoking.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of popularity, best friend smoking, and cigarette smoking within the peer networks on current smoking of seventh- through 12th-grade students. These factors were examined for adolescents attending schools with varying rates of student cigarette smoking. METHODS: This study used data from the saturated school sample of National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative school-based sample. The sample for the present study was 2525 adolescents in Grades 7-12 who completed an in-school questionnaire and an in-home interview. Information from the in-school questionnaire was used to construct measures of school smoking prevalence and popularity. Using peer nominations from the in-home interview, best friend smoking, and peer network smoking exposure were constructed using the peers' own reports of their cigarette smoking. Multiple regression techniques were used to estimate the risk of current cigarette smoking as a function of popularity, best friend smoking, peer network smoking, and school smoking prevalence, and all first-order interactions between measures of peer and school smoking prevalence. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, parent education, school, and availability of cigarettes in the home, the risk of current smoking was significantly associated with peer networks in which at least half of the members smoked [odds ratio (OR) = 1.91], one or two best friends smoked (OR = 2.00), and with increasing rates of school smoking prevalence (OR = 1.73). In addition, there was a significant interaction of popularity and school smoking prevalence such that risk of current smoking was somewhat greater among popular students in schools with high smoking prevalence than among popular students in schools with low smoking prevalence. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that school environments are important contexts for understanding peer group influences on adolescent cigarette smoking.     

北京市房山区2019年中小学生尝试吸烟状况及影响因素分析

目的为了解房山区中小学生尝试吸烟状况及其影响因素,以及烟草相关知信行情况,为进一步做好青少年控烟工作提供科学依据.方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取房山区3所小学、2所初中、1所高中和1所职高共1 507名学生进行了问卷调查.分析不同学段学生尝试吸烟情况以及对烟草的知信行情况.使用多因素logistic回归分析儿童青少...     

武汉市中等职业院校学生吸烟行为与家庭和同伴因素的关系

目的 了解家庭因素和同伴因素对武汉市中等职业院校学生吸烟行为的影响,为制定吸烟行为的预防干预策略提供依据。方法 采用立意抽样方法,从武汉市中等职业学校中抽取三所学校,对其中一、二年级的学生全部进行调查。结果 共2 354人接受问卷调查,武汉市中等职业院校学生尝试吸烟率为23.8%,现在吸烟率为18.6%,不同年龄和性别吸烟率差异有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）;单因素分析发现,平均月花费、父母监管、家庭冲突、亲近关系、家族中吸烟比例、朋友中吸烟比例、朋友对你吸烟态度等对吸烟行为均有影响（均有P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟行为与性别、年龄、平均学习成绩、平均月花费、父母监管、亲近关系、朋友中吸烟比例有关（均有P<0.05）。结论 中等职业院校学生控烟工作需要加强,提高父母监管技能,强化亲近关系和控制同伴影响有助于减少中等职业院校学生的吸烟行为。     

上海市职校生吸烟现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解上海市职校生吸烟行为现状及其影响因素,为制定控烟干预措施提供依据。方法整群抽取上海市5所职业学校,采用自编问卷对全体一至二年级3 450名学生进行吸烟现况调查。结果共检出尝试吸烟学生1 381名(40.0%),男、女生尝试吸烟率分别为50.0%和31.0%;现在吸烟率为14.61%。尝试吸烟最主要的原因为好奇(45.2%),而持续吸烟的最主要原因为心情不好或排遣负性情绪(53.8%)。49.7%尝试吸烟者香烟由同伴或朋友提供。吸烟场所以公园和马路上居多。吸烟组与不吸烟组对于有关态度持有率和吸烟意向差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男、女生吸烟行为与多种因素普遍相关。结论上海市职校生吸烟状况较严重,在广泛宣传吸烟危害健康知识的同时,应针对不同对象提供有效的心理支持、提高生活技能和加强同伴压力应对等技巧。     

The role of tobacco promoting and restraining factors in smoking intentions among Ghanaian youth

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Western countries, the relationship between smoking intentions and smoking behaviour is well established. However, youth smoking intentions and associated factors in developing countries are largely unexplored and the former may occur for a variety of reasons. We investigated youth smoking intentions in Ghana with regard to several tobacco promoting and restraining factors, including environmental, familial, attitudinal and knowledge measures. METHODS: A school-based survey of a representative sample of 12-20-year-olds was conducted in 2008 in Ghana (N = 1338, response rate 89.7 %). RESULTS: In a bivariate model, both among ever and never smokers, allowing smoking on school compound, exposure to tobacco advertisement and parental smoking were associated with future intention to smoke. Compared to those who agreed that smoking is harmful to health, smoking is difficult to quit and that tobacco should not be sold to minors, those who disagreed or were not sure were more likely to have an intention to smoke. In the multivariate analyses, these associations persisted, except that the attitude measures concerning the difficulty of quitting smoking once started and tobacco sales ban were no longer significantly associated with smoking intentions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of school smoking policy, parental smoking behaviour and knowledge of the harmful effects of tobacco use in determining Ghanaian youths' future smoking intentions. Because current high percentages of smoking intentions may turn into high smoking rates in the future, the introduction of effective tobacco control measures at all levels of society to prevent youth smoking in Ghana may be essential.     

Stressful life events, smoking behavior, and intentions to smoke among and multiethnic sample of sixth graders

Objectives. Adolescent smoking has been associated with stressful life events. However, few studies have examined the associations between stress, smoking intentions, and smoking behavior among a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Methods. We compiled a checklist of stressful life events relevant to multiethnic youth and administered it to 1,074 sixth-grade students in urban Los Angeles. Results. The most frequently reported stressful events were similar across ethnic groups and generations in the USA: test taking, chores, and arguments with friends. The events reported as the most severe were disturbances in family life, such as: death, arguments between parents, and illness or injury. Whites and Latinos had reported higher levels of ever smoking and intentions to smoke than Asian/Pacific Islanders (PIs). On the positive family-related events scale Latinos scored higher than did whites or Asian/PIs. Whites scored higher than Latinos or Asian/PIs on both negative peer-related and negative personal-related events. Associations were observed between total stress, stressful life events, and smoking behavior and intention to smoke. Total stress was associated with ever smokers, smoking intentions within the next year and in high school over the entire sample. Negative peer-related events were associated with intention to smoke within the next year, among Latinos. Among Asian/PIs negative peer-related events were associated with intention to smoke within the next year and in high school. Negative school-related events were significantly associated with ever smoking and intentions to smoke in the next year and marginally associated with intentions to smoke in high school among children born in the USA whose parents were also born in the USA. Negative peer-related events and positive personal-related events were significantly associated with intentions to smoke in the next year among children born in the USA whose parents were immigrants. Conclusions. Results suggest that negative peer- and school-related events may lead to increased risk of smoking behavior and intentions to smoke among multicultural adolescents.     

浙江省湖州市农村中学生吸烟现状及影响因素分析

目的了解湖州市农村地区中学生吸烟行为及其影响因素,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样法,对705名农村中学生进行吸烟现状及影响因素的问卷调查。结果农村中学生尝试过吸烟（包括只吸1口）的占14.43％,其中男生为21.41％,女生为8.58％,差异有统计学意义（X^2=22.67,P=0.00）;初中生尝试吸烟率为12.09％,高中生尝试吸烟率为16.71％,差异有统计学意义（X^2=5.10,P〈0.05）;经非条件Logistic逐步回归分析,朋友中有人吸烟、有喝酒经历、父母中有人吸烟、认为“吸第一支烟是避免成为吸烟者的关键”的同学,其发生尝试吸烟行为的危险性分别是其他中学生的3.01、2.84、2.02和0.44倍。结论湖州市农村中学生尝试吸烟现象较为普遍,好友吸烟、喝酒行为、父母吸烟对中学生吸烟行为产生严重影响。应在学校里开展预防吸烟、喝酒等危险行为的健康教育活动,向吸烟学生开展控烟同伴教育,在家庭中给孩子创造无烟环境。     

Use of interactive health communication to affect smoking intentions in middle school students: a pilot test of the "Headbutt" risk assessment program

PURPOSE: Developing and disseminating innovative and effective approaches for smoking prevention among middle school children remains a public health priority. This pilot study evaluates the use of a Web-based tobacco prevention program, Headbutt, to change intentions of middle school children to smoke tobacco. METHODS: Headbutt was implemented with the use of a single-group pretest-posttest study design in sixth grade classes of nine middle schools in Texas (student n = 2227). The program assesses cognitive determinants of smoking and provides intervention feedback tailored to the child's responses. RESULTS: Headbutt significantly affected smoking intentions, prosmoking attitudes, self-efficacy expectations, and knowledge of negative consequences (all p < or = .001) measured with scales adopted from the Texas Tobacco Initiative Survey. Change in prosmoking attitudes had the greatest predictive effect on smoking intentions (p < .001). These results were moderated by ethnicity and age of students. CONCLUSION: Findings need to be interpreted in the light of study design limitations. However, strong associations between the Headbutt program and intention change suggests that a more rigorous effectiveness trial is indicated.     

初高中学生吸烟状况及相关社会心理因素分析

目的了解初、高中学生的吸烟状况，研究和探讨其吸烟行为的社会心理因素，为探索和建立适合中国国情的、科学的、行之有效的青少年预防和控制吸烟新模式提供可靠依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法，在杭州市的初、高中、学生中抽取所需要的样本量。对研究对象的一般情况进行描述性统计分析，对吸烟影响的单因素分析采用X^2检验，对单因素分析呈阳性结果的影响因素采用多元Logistic逐步回归法进行分析。结果初一学生尝试吸烟率为9．7％．高二学生尝试吸烟率为41．0％。男生尝试吸烟率远远高于女生。职业高中学生的尝试吸烟率显著高于普通高中。吸烟动机主要是：不想拒绝别人递烟，摆脱烦恼，解乏提神，显示自主性。吸烟行为的影响因素：年级的增长(高中相对于初中而言)、同伴压力、饮酒、敌意、焦虑、抑郁情绪。结论从初中到高中，青少年的吸烟状况不断加重。且呈现与社会总人群相似的性别差异特征。同伴压力、饮酒、敌意、抑郁、焦虑等都是影响青少年尝试吸烟行为的重要社会心理因素。     

汉中市部分中学生吸烟行为干预效果评价

目的开展学生吸烟行为干预活动,以提高中学生对烟草危害的认识,从而降低学生的吸烟率。方法选择2所中学,汉中中学为干预组,汉台中学为对照组。干预前后分别进行基线调查和终期评估,在调查结束时对结果进行统计学分析。结果干预后汉中中学的学生,吸烟率为15.7%,汉台中学为32.7%,二者相比,差异有统计学意义。结论表明干预措施取得了一定的效果。针对中学生进行一系列烟草危害知识传播与行为干预是降低中学生吸烟率的有效途径。