小切口直视应用双侧乳内动脉冠状动脉旁路移植术与不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的对比研究

目的:总结及评估左前外侧小切口直视下应用双侧乳内动脉行多支冠状动脉(冠脉)旁路移植术(CABG)的早期经验及临床价值。方法:2015-05至2017-01连续入选在我院接受经左前外侧小切口获取双侧乳内动脉行多支CABG的患者38例(小切口组)。同一时期由同一术者完成的常规正中切口择期非体外循环冠脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)共236例患者作为正中切口组。比较两组患者围手术期资料以及并发症发生情况。结果:小切口组经左前外侧小切口直视下获取双侧乳内动脉成功率94.7%(36/38),获取右乳内动脉平均时间(42.3±10.5)min,获取左乳内动脉平均时间为(35.2±8.3)min,38例患者移植冠脉血管共78支,平均(2.05±0.31)支/例,无中转常规胸部正中切口CABG;与正中切口组比较,小切口组术后呼吸机使用时间[(8.9±3.8)h vs(23.6±15.9)h]、术后监护病房住院时间[(29.3±20.8)h vs(56.5±38.3)h]和住院时间[(11.3±3.2)d vs(15.7±4.2)d]均较短(P0.05);围手术期主要不良心脑血管事件(死亡、心肌梗死、再次血运重建、脑血管意外)发生率(0%vs1.69%)、切口愈合不良发生率(0%vs 0.84%)虽较低,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后冠脉造影复查,两组均未见吻合口闭塞情况。平均随访3个月,两组患者均无心绞痛或心肌梗死、死亡的发生。结论:经左前外侧小切口直视下可以成功获取双侧乳内动脉完成心脏不停跳多支CABG,近期临床效果良好。     

左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术30例分析

目的:探讨左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB)的临床效果。方法:2013年10月至2014年10月,采用左胸小切口取左乳内动脉(LIMA)心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术30例。采用全麻、双腔气管插管,平卧位左胸抬高30°,左前外侧第4或第5肋切口,用特制牵开器(德国Fehling公司)牵开肋骨,游离乳内动脉,使用心脏固定器下行冠状动脉吻合。结果:全组患者无围术期死亡。术中出血量40~150m L,平均(85±32)m L。术后24h引流量0~1 325(285±262)m L。术后呼吸机辅助时间4~17h,平均(9.5±5.7)h。二次开胸2例。无切口感染。30例随访0.5~1年,心绞痛症状消失27例,明显减轻3例。结论:胸部小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术主要适用于心脏前壁冠状动脉尤其是前降支的再血管化,安全可靠,中期疗效好。使用特制牵开器行MIDCAB手术安全可行。     

非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术--101例临床经验体会

目的 :探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术方法及手术适应证 ,并评价其初步临床结果。　　方法 :阜外心血管病医院 1996年 5月～ 1999年 12月完成非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术 10 1例 ,包括经正中切口非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)组 76例和经胸壁小切口非体外循环下的冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB)组 2 5例 ,其中 7例在胸腔镜辅助下获取内乳动脉。　　结果 :OPCAB组 76例 ,旁路移植支数平均 2 .5 9支 ,无手术死亡 ,术后并发症包括 :心室颤动并使用主动脉球囊反搏1例 ,出血二次开胸 3例 ,胸部切口感染 2例 ,肺部并发症 2例 ,肾部并发症 1例 ;MIDCAB组 2 5例 ,旁路移植支数平均1.10支 ,无手术死亡 ,围术期心肌梗塞行再次旁路移植手术 1例 ,出血二次开胸 1例 ,胸部切口感染 1例。　　结论 :对于选择的患者 ,非体外循环下 ,不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术是一项安全、有效的术式。     

左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术53例临床分析

目的 总结53例经左胸小切口微创冠状动脉旁路移植术（MIDCAB）的手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2012年7月我院行MIDCAB 53例,其中单纯MIDCAB 44例,MIDCAB与经皮冠状动脉介入术杂交9例.结果 全组无手术死亡,无手术并发症.1例术中转正中开胸手术.呼吸机脱机时间（3.0±3.5）h,引流量（145±60） ml,全组患者均未输血,术后住院（7.0±1.5）d.53例均进行随访,随访时间2～ 36个月,无死亡病例,心绞痛复发4例[7.7％（4/52）],术后冠状动脉造影示1例吻合口狭窄50％,余3例前降支与左乳内动脉吻合口通畅.结论 MIDCAB手术安全有效、损伤小,临床效果满意.     

胸腔镜辅助微创单支冠状动脉旁路移植术8例

目的 研究胸腔镜辅助下经胸壁小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用及效果。方法 8例患者在胸腔镜电视系统监测下经第4肋间前外侧小切口采集乳内动脉。并经此小切口直视下切开心包,显露左前降支,进行非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植。结果 第2肋间至第6肋间节段的乳内动脉可顺利游离,时间平均为38min,吻合完成后检测旁路血管流量满意,无围术期心肌梗死及手术死亡。患者均于术后9～12d出院。随访3～23个月所有患者均无心绞痛症状。结论 胸腔镜电视系统监视提供了良好的视野,明显降低了经第4肋间小切口游离第2、6肋间乳内动脉的难度,可以获取足够长度的血管,通过小切口即可完成旁路移植。手术近期效果良好。     

桡动脉在不停跳冠脉旁路移植术中的应用分析

目的总结桡动脉(RA)用于不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)中的获取技术和疗效评价。方法选取2010年9月~2015年2月进行的OPCAB手术52例,每例均判定后采用"无接触"技术获取RA进行CABG。结果全组患者无围手术期心肌梗死及桡动脉痉挛现象发生,3例患者有暂时性拇指皮肤感觉减退,无切口感染,手臂缺血、坏死等合并症。结论桡动脉是良好的桥血管材料移植物,在不停跳冠脉旁路移植术应用中临床效果良好。     

预防性应用主动脉球囊反搏在高危左主干病变冠状动脉移植手术中的作用

目的:探讨在高危左主干狭窄的冠心病患者在接受冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)前,预防性应用主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院部分高危左主干狭窄冠心病患者,接受CABG手术的病例,手术均采用不停跳CABG手术,术前安装IABP的共有56例。同时统计在我院接受CABG手术围手术期紧迫情况下安装IABP的病例,共有16例。比较这两组病例术中被迫紧急建立体外循环的比例,IABP反搏时间、气管插管时间、ICU时间及术后住院天数。观察术后1 d、术后2 d血浆肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)。结果:术中紧迫组被迫紧急建立体外循环比例高于术前应用组;IABP反搏时间、气管插管时间,预防组少于紧迫组;预防组的术后住院天数少于紧迫组。紧迫组术后2d c Tn I高于预防组。结论:在高危左主干病变CABG手术中预防性应用IABP可以改善围术期的管理,提高救治成功率。     

MIDCAB术治疗心肌桥与非心肌桥性左前降支病变的临床效果分析

目的 比较微创直视下冠状动脉旁路移植术（MIDCAB）治疗心肌桥与非心肌桥性左前降支（LAD）病变的临床效果.方法 2006年5月至2013年5月,37例冠心病患者在我院行MIDCAB手术,其中男性29例,女性8例,年龄48～76（62.9±6.8）岁.术前冠心病造影诊断：心肌桥致LAD重度狭窄12例（心肌桥组）,非心肌桥性LAD闭塞或LAD重度狭窄25例（非心肌桥组）.37例患者均经左胸前侧第4或第5肋间6 cm左右的小切口,非体外循环下完成LIMA-LAD吻合.结果 全组37例MIDCAB手术均顺利完成,无术中转为正中开胸手术,手术时间为117～143 min,围术期均未输血.术后呼吸机辅助通气时间为4～16 h,ICU停留时间为22～45 h,术后住院时间为6～10 d,全部患者术后无急性心梗和脑卒中等严重并发症及术后死亡,心肌桥组与非心肌桥组无明显差异（P＞0.05）.术后随访3～87 （27.59±19.15）个月,所有患者均做多层CT检查,LIMA-LAD吻合口通畅率为100％,全部患者没有心绞痛症状.结论 MIDCAB治疗心肌桥与非心肌桥性LAD病变可取得相同的优良效果.     

80岁以上冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床观察

目的:总结80岁以上超高龄患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的临床特点和结果。方法:对阜外心血管病医院2003年8月至2013年7月期间,112例行CABG的80岁以上患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。记录术前一般情况、冠状动脉病变、合并疾病、治疗情况、术中手术方式、术后恢复情况以及并发症和病死率。结果:术前3支病变或合并左主干病变的患者占72%,66%的患者合并高血压,52%高血脂,22%心律失常,31%糖尿病,19%呼吸功能不全,58%不稳定心绞痛,9.8%急性心肌梗死,23%陈旧性心肌梗死,22%脑卒中史。70例患者常温下行CABG术,42例体外循环下行CABG术,其中3例为CABG+室壁瘤切除术。平均旁路移植数量为(2.7±0.6)支。全组死亡3例,围术期心肌梗死2例,延迟苏醒5例,肺部感染8例,机械通气时间延长13例,新发生脑卒中2例,肾替代治疗4例,出血需二次手术6例。结论:80岁以上的超高龄冠心病患者,体外循环和非体外循环CABG均可提供安全有效的治疗效果,对于术前冠状动脉病变程度较重,术中需要再血管化搭桥数量较多、合并室壁瘤切除或其他心脏直视手术的患者,采用体外循环下手术。对于冠状动脉病变适合不停跳条件下就可以充分再血管化的患者,采用非体外循环CABG是适宜的手术方式。     

冠状动脉支架再狭窄患者运用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)对老年冠心病患者冠状动脉支架再狭窄的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析近3年来32例冠状动脉支架再狭窄行OPCAB的临床资料、手术资料、手术结果,总结围手术期治疗体会。结果全组无手术死亡。平均旁路移植3.2支,无围手术期心肌梗死、呼吸衰竭、肝肾功能衰竭等严重并发症,81.2%患者术后4~6 h拔除气管内插管,34.4%患者未输血,术后心绞痛均消失。结论OPCAB对冠状动脉支架再狭窄的治疗是可行、有效的;对于多支弥漫性支架再狭窄病变,OPCAB可考虑作为首选。     

Coronary artery surgery: conventional coronary artery bypass grafting versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Coronary revascularization has become the principal treatment modality in patients with severe coronary artery disease. The broader application of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with multivessel disease and the recent introduction of drug-eluting stents have both lead to a decline in the number of patients referred for surgical revascularization. Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass is an excellent treatment, however less invasive surgical approaches such as off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting have appeared in the past few years. The exact role of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is still vaguely defined and being critically evaluated. Our aim is to provide an objective review of the recent literature in regard to surgical outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: A critical review of all relevant clinical series from May 2003 to May 2005 was conducted. Current prospective data suggests that both techniques have similar rates of mortality, in regard to morbidity, multiple prospective studies suggest a decrease in stroke rates for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. The incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction does not appear to differ between techniques. When analyzed carefully, the results presented herein seem to indicate that both techniques provide similar rates for long-term patency and freedom from surgical reintervention. SUMMARY: Coronary artery bypass grafting and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting are both safe and beneficial in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. It appears that elderly patients with additional co-morbid risk factors may benefit most from off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. It has become increasingly apparent that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed safely in reference centers.     

186例老年冠心病患者是、否体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术的比较

目的:比较老年冠心病患者体外循环与非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效。方法:A组选择87例65岁以上的老年患者在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG);B组选择79例65岁以上的老年患者在非体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)。结果:B组死亡率低于A组(P<0.05),术后胸腔引流量明显少于A组(P<0.05)。结论:老年冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术是安全的。     

Concomitant aortoaxillary bypass and coronary artery bypass grafting

The optimal revascularization strategy for patients with subclavian and coronary artery disease has not been established. This study assessed the mid-term clinical outcome of concomitant aortoaxillary bypass and coronary artery bypass grafting in 5 patients. A ring-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene graft was attached to the ascending aorta and led to the proximal segment of the axillary artery via the pleural cavity. Patients were followed up for 2-10 years (mean, 5.4 +/- 3.4 years). Postoperative aortography and angiography demonstrated patent aortoaxillary and coronary bypass grafts in the short-term follow-up of all patients. Two patients with Takayasu aortitis needed re-operations for recurrent angina and annuloaortic dilatation. Another patient required removal of the aortoaxillary bypass graft because of infection, and subsequently underwent a left femoroaxillary bypass one year after the original procedure. Subclavian steal phenomenon did not occur. Aortoaxillary bypass with coronary artery bypass may be an effective option for patients with co-existing subclavian and coronary artery disease.     

体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术早期疗效分析

目的:探讨体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）早期疗效的差异。方法: 采集自2003年10月~2008年1月我院单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术5325例临床资料,分为CCABG组（343例）与OPCABG组（4 982例）。对两组患者各项术前因素、术中因素、手术死亡率及并发症进行比较。结果: OPCABG组实际手术死亡率（1.7％）明显低于CCABG组（6.7％）,P<0.01;术后二次开胸止血、肾功能不全等并发症的发生率及ICU停留时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后住院时间都低于CCABG组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。风险调整后CCABG组手术死亡率仍高于OPCABG组6个百分点,术后并发症的发生率均略高于OPCABG组（P<0.05）。结论: CCABG与OPCABG早期临床疗效均令人满意,后者更好一些。     

Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting improves short-term outcomes compared with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting

Background

Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafts (RACAB) utilizing the da Vinci surgical system are increasingly used and allow the surgeon to conveniently harvest internal mammary arteries (IMAs). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of off-pump RACAB and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) in the short and medium term.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 132 patients with single- or multiple-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent minimally invasive off-pump CABG (OPCAB) between May 2009 and May 2014. The patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach, MIDCAB and RACAB group. The anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was performed as regular OPCAB through the incision on the beating heart using regular stabilization devices (Genzyme Corporation). The preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data, including major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), were compared.

Results

The preoperative data were similar. RACAB significantly shorten the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and postoperative compared with the MIDCAB group (P<0.05). There were 12 (19.7%) patients treated with a two-stage hybrid procedure in the MIDCAB group and 34 (47.9%) patients in the RACAB group (P=0.001). Thirty-day mortality was 1.6% in the MIDCAB group. There were 9 (14.7%) MIDCAB patients and 2 (2.8%) RACAB patients (P=0.013) that developed new arrhythmia. The two groups showed comparable mid-term survival (P=0.246), but the MACCEs were significantly different (P=0.038).

Conclusions

RACAB may be a valuable alternative for patients requiring single or simple multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although the mid-term mortality outcomes are similar, RACAB improves short-term outcomes and mid-term MACCE-free survival compared with MIDCAB.     

重症冠心病的非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 探讨如何提高莺症冠心病患者非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术疗效.方法 Off-Pump coronary artery bypass grafting of severe coronary artery disease回顾性分析268例重症冠心病患者非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床资料,男性131例,女性137例;搭桥数2～6(4.01±0.99)支/人.对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结.结果 二次开胸3例(1.1%),低心排综合征9例(3.4%),应用IABP 1例(0.4%),反复发作房颤22例(8.2%),肺功能不全13例(4.9%);死亡2例(0.7%),其余患者康复出院.结论 合理地选择患者、成熟的手术技术、主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)的尽早应用及术后处理的加强是提高重症冠心病患者非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施.     

Combined off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and aorto-bicarotid bypass

A 63-year-old man with severe coronary artery disease and occlusion of aortic arch branches presented with dizziness, syncope and unstable angina. He underwent a combined surgical procedure of aorto-bicarotid bypass and off-pump myocardial revascularization. The operation was successful and he had no complications during 11 months of follow-up.     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后神经系统并发症

目的探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）后患者神经系统并发症（NC）的种类、发生率、危险因素和防治方法。方法收集北京安贞医院2010年6～10月入院行OPCAB的82例老年患者进行前瞻性研究。术前收集NC危险因素,手术前后进行神经系统查体和头颅320排CT脑灌注检查,术后进行神经系统查体确认有无NC的发生。根据术后是否发生NC分为NC组和非NC组,组间进行危险因素单因素分析。结果NC总发生率为17．01％（14／82）,无死亡病例,其中术后认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率为14．63％（12／82）,焦虑、抑郁的发生率为6．10％（5／82）,缺血缺氧性脑病发生率为3．66％（3／82）,缺血性脑血管病发生率为1．22％（1／82）;NC组与非NC组间进行既往史单因素分析显示,术后NC组脑卒中病史、CT平扫示病灶、糖尿病病史与非NC组相比,有统计学差异;CT脑灌注检查提示,两组脑灌注达峰时间有统计学差异。结论对于行OPCAB患者,应重视术前筛查,完善实验室检查、脑灌注检查等,有助于术前筛查出术后发生NC的高危患者,以给予相应的预防治疗;OPCAB对神经系统而言相对安全但仍需要更多资料进一步研究。     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in India

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) is the latest innovation in cardiac surgery. However OPCAB is not adopted universally. Even there have been suggestions of abandoning OPCAB in a special report. In India, OPCAB has been successfully adopted across the board. There are various evidences which favor OPCAB and are discussed in this review. The purpose of this review is to put forward the perspective of the OPCAB surgeons of our country and critically look at the suggestion of abandoning OPCAB.