残粒样微粒胆固醇在2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉支架内再狭窄进程中的作用

目的:本研究的目的就是探究在冠心病合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中残粒脂蛋白(RLP)醇对药物洗脱支架(DES)术后支架内再狭窄(ISR)的影响,从而揭示残粒脂蛋白在动脉粥样硬化中的作用。方法:入选2013年1月至2014年12月,于我院行DES并复查冠状动脉造影的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者2 312例,应用Cox’s比例风险模型对两组进行统计学分析发现,极VLDL-C是支架内再狭窄的危险因素。根据ROC曲线,VLDL-C确定的切点重新将患者分为两组,对两组ISR进行生存分析。结果:Cox’s比例风险模型分析糖尿病患者DES置入术后ISR的危险因素是VLDL。根据受试者工作曲线确定VLDL-C的最佳截止点,将患者分为低VLDL-C组(n=1 072)和高VLDL-C组(n=1 240)两组,倾向性评分匹配出762对患者,K-M曲线表明,VLDL-C≥0. 505 mmol/L的患者组累积ISR率明显高于VLDL-C<0. 505 mmol/L的患者组(HR=4. 175,95%CI:3. 045～5. 723,P<0. 001)(Log-rank P<0. 001)。结论:本研究进一步强调了VLDL在糖尿病患者心血管病理中的重要性。T2DM患者的ISR发生率较高。临床医生应采取措施将VLDL-C控制在0. 505 mmol/L水平以下,以更好地预防T2DM患者的ISR。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后SYNTAX评分与支架内再狭窄的关联性研究

目的:探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后,SYNTAX评分与冠状动脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)的关联性。方法:连续入选2012年1月至2012年12月,在我中心行PCI术的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者共437例,对他们进行2年的随访,其中共有382例完成了第二次冠状动脉造影检查用来以此评价是否发生了ISR,最终共有368例符合该研究的纳入和排除标准进入统计分析。收集患者第一次行冠状动脉支架置入术时的基线信息,SYNTAX评分由在线计算器计算所得。结果:368例患者(男性108例。女性260例)的平均年龄为(58.7±10.3)岁,其中有74例发生了ISR,发生率为20.1%。ISR组的SYNTAX评分为15分,远高于非狭窄组的11分(P=0.022)。多因素回归分析结果显示,在调整了传统危险因素和其他混杂因素后,SYNTAX评分每增加5分,糖尿病患者ISR的风险增加34%(HR=1.34,95%CI=1.03~1.74,P=0.031)。结论:对于冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者,SYNTAX评分是冠状动脉ISR的一个独立的危险因素,可以作为临床预测冠状动脉ISR的一个指标之一。     

药物洗脱支架置入后支架内血栓形成患者的临床特征分析

目的:分析药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后支架内血栓形成(ST)的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年1月至2016年6月间,因急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)接受DES置入术的患者的临床资料,将术后发生ST的81例患者作为实验组,并按年龄、性别匹配同期未出现ST的患者243例(1∶3)作为对照组。比较两组临床资料,应用条件Logistic回归模型对支架内血栓形成进行风险评估。结果:条件Logistic回归分析确定DES置入术后ST的独立危险因素为:自身免疫性疾病(OR=120.078,95%CI=1.386~10404.459,P=0.035)、首发为急性心肌梗死(OR=14.085,95%CI=2.215~89.573,P=0.005)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)<50%(OR=19.985,95%CI=2.945~135.630,P=0.002)、空腹血糖(OR=1.977,95%CI=1.281~3.053,P=0.002)。结论:研究提示,自身免疫性疾病、首发为急性心肌梗死、LVEF<50%、空腹血糖升高是DES置入术后发生ST的独立危险因素。     

药物洗脱支架2年内再狭窄危险因素分析和Nomogram构建

目的探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者药物洗脱支架(DES)植入后2年内再狭窄(ISR)危险因素并构建Nomogram模型。方法回顾性分析2010年1月—2020年2月在中国医学科学院阜外医院深圳医院植入DES的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者临床资料。PASS估计模型产生队列样本量,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为支架内再狭窄组(DES-ISR)及非狭窄组(non-DES-ISR),对两组之间差异有统计学意义的参数进行单因素和条件性多因素Logistic回归分析构建Nomogram并在验证队列中验证其检验效能。结果模型产生队列共1741例,233例(13.4%)在植入DES后2年内确诊ISR,条件性多因素Logistic回归分析显示,DES-ISR的预测因素为肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60 mL/(min·1.73 m²)(OR=2.77,95%CI:1.41~5.47,P=0.003)、血脂异常(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.30~2.78,P=0.001)、空腹血糖(FPG)≥6.5 mmol/L(OR=5.50,95%CI:3.05~9.92,P<0.001)、冠状动脉多支病变(OR=7.26,95%CI:3.27~16.11,P<0.001)、冠状动脉弥漫病变(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.13~2.88,P=0.014)、首次PCI操作时间≥60 min(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.13~6.05,P=0.024)和首次PCI为急诊(OR=2.20,95%CI:1.48~3.28,P<0.001)。模型验证队列102例,DES-ISR发生风险随Nomogram评分增高而增加,Nomogram模型受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积为0.791(95%CI:0.753~0.829,P=0.019)。结论冠状动脉病变特征以及PCI操作程序是DES-ISR的重要预测因素,Nomogram能够较好地识别DES-ISR高危人群,能够为高危人群的随访干预提供有效的决策信息。     

椎动脉起始段支架置入术后再狭窄的危险因素分析

目的观察椎动脉起始段狭窄支架置入术后支架内再狭窄(ISR)的发生率,并探讨ISR的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2014年12月～2018年1月在北京大学首钢医院神经内科行椎动脉起始段支架置入术患者84例,随访时间20.67(6～36)个月。依据头颈CT血管成像或数字减影血管造影检查评估是否发生ISR(狭窄率≥50%),并将患者分为ISR组22例和无ISR组62例。进行单因素分析和多因素Cox回归分析。结果支架置入术后ISR发生率为26.2%。ISR组椎动脉原始管径和支架管径均小于无ISR组[(3.92±0.54)mmvs (4.47±0.51)mm,P=0.000;(4.02±0.52)mmvs (4.43±0.59)mm,P=0.004];ISR组吸烟率高于无ISR组(77.3%vs 48.4%,P=0.036)。Cox回归分析显示,椎动脉原始管径是影响术后ISR的独立危险因素(HR=0.243,95%CI:0.106～0.555,P=0.001)。结论椎动脉起始段支架术后ISR发生率高,椎动脉原始管径小是ISR的独立危险因素。     

New predictors of in-stent restenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) had become the major therapeutic procedure for coronary artery disease (CAD), but the high rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR) still remained an unsolved clinical problem in clinical practice. Increasing evidences suggested that diabetes mellitus (DM) was a major risk factor for ISR, but the risk predictors of ISR in CAD patients with DM had not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and angiographic characteristic predictors significantly associated with the occurrence of ISR in diabetic patients following coronary stenting with drug-eluting stent (DES). Methods A total of 920 patients with diabetes who diagnosed CAD and underwent coronary DES implantation at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in China were consecutively enrolled from January 2012 to December 2012. Of these, 440 patients underwent the second angiography within ≥ 6 months due to the progression of treated target lesions. Finally, 368 of these patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up by angiography after baseline PCI. According to whether ISR was detected at follow-up angiography, patients were divided into the ISR group (n = 74) and the non-ISR group (n = 294). The independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM were explored by multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards regression models. Results A total of 368 patients (260 women and 108 men) with a mean ages of 58.71 ± 10.25 years were finally enrolled in this study. Of these, ISR occurred in 74/368 diabetic patients (20.11%) by follow-up angiography. Univariate analysis showed that most baseline characteristics of the ISR and non-ISR group were similar. Patients in the ISR group had significantly higher serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and uric acid (UA) levels, more numbers of target vessel lesions, higher prevalence of multi-vessel disease, higher SYNTAX score, higher rate of previous but lower rate of drinking compared with patients in the non-ISR group. The independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM after DES implantation included VLDL-C (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.24–2.77, P = 0.002), UA (per 50 μmol/L increments, HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.34, P = 0.006), SYNTAX score (per 5 increments, HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03–1.74, P = 0.031) and the history of PCI (HR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.57–7.80, P = 0.003) by the multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards regression analysis. Conclusions The increased serum VLDL-C and UA level, higher SYNTAX score and the history of previous PCI were independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM after coronary DES implantation. It provided new evidence for physicians to take measures to lower the risk of ISR for the better management of diabetic patients after PCI.     

血清蛋白酶激活受体2对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后支架内再狭窄的预测价值北大核心CSCD

目的 探索血清蛋白酶激活受体2(PAR-2)水平对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)后支架内再狭窄(ISR)发生的预测价值。方法 连续入选2017年6月至2019年6月间在东南大学附属中大医院心内科首次接受药物洗脱支架植入术治疗的冠心病患者361例。根据PCI术后6~12个月内冠状动脉造影结果是否发生ISR分为ISR组(n=60)和对照组(n=301)。分析PAR-2与冠心病患者PCI术后ISR发生的关系。结果 ISR组患者术前PAR-2水平显著高于对照组[898(547,1063)ng/L比441(351,613)ng/L,P<0.001)];ISR组冠脉病变更严重,表现为Gensini评分明显高于对照组(94.9±39.1比60.6±35.2,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示PAR-2是发生ISR的独立危险因素(OR 1.008,95%CI 1.005~1.010,P<0.001),其他因素包括分叉病变(OR 2.395,95%CI 1.024~5.603,P=0.044)及Gensini评分水平(OR 1.023,95%CI 1.008~1.038,P=0.002)。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,术前PAR-2预测冠心病患者PCI术后ISR发生的曲线下面积为0.848(95%CI 0.798~0.897,P<0.001)。诊断临界值为799.5 ng/L,其灵敏度为62.5%,特异度为91.7%。结论 PAR-2对冠心病患者PCI术后ISR的发生有一定预测价值,可以作为临床预测ISR的指标。     

血清视黄醇结合蛋白4与冠状动脉支架植入术后再狭窄的相关性分析

目的探讨血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(serum retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)与冠状动脉支架植入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后再狭窄(in-stent restenosis,ISR)的相关性。方法选取2017年1月至2018年1月间于上海市徐汇区中心医院心内科行PCI术的冠心病患者318例。使用酶免疫试剂盒,测定血清RBP4水平。结果 12个月随访结束后,通过冠状动脉造影确认共发生27例ISR(ISR组)。基线数据比较发现,ISR组RBP4水平高于非ISR组(t=7.59,P <0.01),植入支架平均直径低于非ISR组(t=-5.03,P <0.01)。两组间性别、年龄、吸烟比例、高脂血症患病率、高血压患病率、糖尿病患病率、急性冠状动脉综合征发生率、病变血管数、植入支架数、支架平均长度等比较差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。ROC分析显示,RBP4对PCI术后ISR预测的最佳临界点为31.23 mg/L。当RBP4为31.23 mg/L时,其预测冠心病患者PCI术后ISR的AUC曲线下面积为0.86,灵敏度为88.9%,特异度为77.31%。多因素COX回归分析发现,血清RBP4水平升高[HR:2.12,95%CI(1.45-2.85)]是冠心病患者PCI术后发生ISR的危险因素,而较大直径的支架[HR:0.88,95%CI(0.79-0.94)]是冠心病患者PCI术后发生ISR的保护因素。结论血清RBP4水平是冠心病患者PCI术后ISR的独立危险因素。     

红细胞分布宽度预测2型糖尿病患者支架内再狭窄

目的探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)对皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的2型糖尿病患者植入药物洗脱支架后发生支架内再狭窄(ISR)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析因不稳定型心绞痛入院、行PCI治疗植入药物洗脱支架的582例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,其中292例在支架植入术后进行了冠状动脉造影随访,平均随访8个月。根据冠状动脉造影检查结果,将患者分为支架内再狭窄组(n=45)和非再狭窄组(n=247)。详细记录患者病史资料(年龄、性别、吸烟、既往病史)、实验室检查结果(RDW、C反应蛋白水平等),以及心脏彩超、冠状动脉造影等结果。结果 ISR组体质指数和吸烟史均比非ISR组高(P0.05)。ISR组RDW、C反应蛋白水平在入院和随访时均比非ISR组高。与非ISR组相比,ISR组的支架长度更长、直径更小。单因素分析显示,RDW与ISR呈正相关(P0.01)。多元回归分析显示,体质指数、吸烟、RDW、C反应蛋白、支架长度、支架直径是药物洗脱支架ISR的预测因子(P0.01)。结论糖尿病患者在具备同样的危险因素情况下,RDW对植入药物洗脱支架的不稳定型心绞痛患者发生ISR有预测作用,慢性炎症参与了ISR的形成过程。     

冠状动脉支架置入术后支架内再狭窄的相关因素分析

目的分析冠心病患者冠状动脉支架置入术(PCI)后支架内再狭窄的相关因素。方法收集我院成功行PCI并于术后1 a行冠状动脉造影随访的患者797例,以支架置入段内径狭窄≥50%为再狭窄,分为再狭窄组153例和无狭窄组644例。回顾性分析两组患者的临床资料、生化指标及冠状动脉造影结果的差异,采用多因素Logistic分析其与冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的关系。结果再狭窄组糖尿病患病率为34.64%,高于无狭窄组的23.91%(P<0.01),支架直径为(2.90±0.41)mm,小于无狭窄组的(3.02±0.90)mm(P<0.01),血清尿酸为(406.54±78.18)μmol/L,高于无狭窄组的(343.78±76.64)μmol/L(P<0.01),血清总胆红素水平为(11.70±4.71)μmol/L,低于无狭窄组的(13.16±6.43)μmol/L(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic分析显示,糖尿病(OR=2.340,95%CI 1.893～3.011)、尿酸(OR=1.653,95%CI 1.447～2.083)、支架直径(OR=0.668,95%CI 0.496～0.898)、血清总胆红素浓度水平(OR=0.838,95%CI 0.797～0.980)与冠状动脉支架内再狭窄有关(P均<0.01)。结论糖尿病、支架直径、尿酸、总胆红素为冠状动脉支架置入术后支架内再狭窄的相关因素。其中糖尿病、高尿酸血症为冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的危险因素,较大支架直径、正常范围内较高水平的血清总胆红素为冠脉支架内再狭窄的保护因素。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.