心房颤动合并左心耳血栓行左心耳封堵术疗效分析:单中心经验

目的 分析心房颤动合并左心耳血栓行左心耳封堵术的安全性和有效性。方法 连续入选上海健康医学院附属周浦医院11例经冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)和经食管超声心动图(TEE)确诊左心耳血栓,抗凝方案治疗,但不能耐受长期抗凝及抗凝无效时,行左心耳封堵治疗的心房颤动患者纳入研究。结果 心房颤动患者包括阵发性、持续性和长程持续性心房颤动,平均年龄为78岁(57～93岁), CHA2DS2-VASc评分平均值为6.2(4～8)分,HAS-BLED评分平均值为3.6(2～6)分。左心耳血栓2型(近端至中端)和3型(远端)分别有2例和9例。3例患者抗凝治疗左心耳血栓消失后行左心耳封堵术,8例患者左心耳血栓存在情况下行左心耳封堵术(1例为2型血栓,7例为3型血栓)。2例患者左心耳血栓消失病例采用Watchman封堵器,其他患者均用LAmbre封堵器完成左心耳封堵术。1例患者左心耳LAmbre封堵术后住院期间发生短暂性脑缺血发作,出院后随诊未再发生;其他病例未发生任何明显的围术期不良事件。术后8～12周TEE复查,3例发生左心耳器械相关血栓,继续抗血小板药物联合华法林或非维生素K口服抗凝药(NOACs)抗凝方案。中位随访时间为6(6,13)个月,随访期间未发生心血管和全因死亡、重大缺血性脑血管事件、心力衰竭恶化和重大出血事件。结论 对于心房颤动合并左心耳血栓患者首选华法林或NOACs抗凝方案,抗凝无效或不能耐受、适宜左心耳封堵术的左心耳血栓患者,可选择左心耳封堵术作为替代治疗方案。     

左心耳封堵术相关的一站式手术临床应用进展

心房颤动(AF)以非瓣膜性AF多见.对于CHA2DS2-VASc评分≥2分(女性为3分)的脑卒中高危患者,血栓栓塞事件的防治是AF患者治疗的重点.部分患者存在高龄、抗凝无效、抗凝禁忌,为血栓栓塞事件的防治带来困难.对此类脑卒中高危的老年患者,左心耳封堵术(LAAC)能替代非瓣膜性AF患者的抗凝治疗,有效预防血栓栓塞事件...     

应用ACP封堵器行左心耳封堵术一例

Amplatzer Cardiac Plug(ACP,圣犹达公司)是第一款封堵左心耳近端的封堵器,目前在国内较少应用。本中心应用ACP封堵器成功行一例左心耳封堵。患者,68岁,持续性心房颤动患者,CHA2DS2-VASc评分为5分,为卒中高危患者。拒绝长期使用口服抗凝药,遂考虑行左心耳封堵术。测定左心耳开口直径最大25mm,锚定区21mm。选择26mm封堵器,植入左心耳后,测定固定盘压缩比13.5%,牵拉试验示固定良好,装置周围无残余漏,提示封堵成功。术后患者恢复好,第三天出院。ACP封堵器的应用为左心耳封堵术的开展提供了新的选择。     

经皮左心耳封堵术的单中心学习曲线评价

目的评估单中心单一术者使用WATCHMAN封堵器行左心耳封堵术学习曲线的影响。方法连续选入2015年12月至2018年11月于中国人民解放军总医院使用WATCHMAN封堵器行经皮左心耳封堵术患者90例。根据行经皮左心耳封堵手术时间分为:第 1～30例纳入A组;第31～60例纳入B组;第61～90例纳入C组。分别对三组患者的临床基本资料、选择手术操作时间、透视时间、放射剂量、单位面积的射线剂量 (DAP)、对比剂用量和围手术期不良事件等相关参数进行分析。结果所有患者均为高卒中风险合并高出血风险的心房纤颤患者,平均CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分为5.2±1.4分,HAS-BLED评分为3.6±1.1分。A组、B组、C组的左心耳封堵平均操作时间分别为(68±27)min、(46±18)min、(36±7)min(P0.001);封堵过程中透视时间分别为(15±4)min、(10±5)min、(10±3)min(P0.001),放射剂量分别为(780±587)mGy、(396±461)mGy、(339±108)mGy,DAP分别为(66±49)Gy·cm~2、(33±39)Gy·cm~2、(29±9)Gy·cm~2,造影剂剂量分别为(88±21)ml、(66±13)ml、(64±13)ml(P均0.001)。手术成功率为97.7%,麻醉方式由全身麻醉逐步过渡至基础麻醉,三组患者围手术期不良事件的发生率呈进一步减少的趋势(26.7% vs.20.0% vs.6.7%,P=0.186)。结论随着术者手术经验的增多,使用WATCHMAN封堵左心耳的手术时间、射线量与造影剂使用剂量进一步下降,不良事件呈进一步下降趋势。     

经皮左心耳封堵预防心房颤动血栓栓塞一例

患者男性,69岁,因心房颤动卒中高危不愿接受长期华法林抗凝治疗而选择经皮左心耳封堵术。术中房间隔穿刺后送入鞘管至左房,对左心耳造影后于左心耳口部植入直径为30 mm的封堵器(中国先健科技股份有限公司Lambre封堵器),再次造影检查证实左心耳完全堵塞,围术期无并发症发生,随访8月患者无血栓栓塞事件发生。     

左心耳封堵联合房间隔缺损封堵“一站式”治疗对房间隔缺损合并房颤患者的安全性及疗效观察

目的 探讨对先天性房间隔缺损合并房颤的患者,同期进行经皮左心耳联合房间隔缺损封堵术的可行性、安全性及疗效。 方法 回顾性分析珠海市人民医院及四川省人民医院2016年1月-2018年6月收治的13例先天性房间隔缺损合并房颤的患者的临床资料,术后即刻评价封堵疗效,并于术后45天,90天随访观察左心耳和房间隔封堵器的位置、血栓形成以及残余分流情况及患者临床表现。结果 13例患者均成功植入WATCHMAN左心耳封堵器及双盘式房间隔缺损封堵器。术后即刻封堵效果满意,房缺封堵器封堵器位置满意,固定,无残余分流,WATCHMAN封堵器符合PASS原则,术中无器械表面血栓,无心包填塞及血管并发症。随访结果显示,13例患者无新发脑卒中者;未发现心功能恶化者;未发现封堵器移位;未发现左心耳封堵器残余分流加重及器械表面血栓。其中1例患者自行转为窦性心律。结论 对先天性房间隔缺损合并房颤患者,同期实施左心耳联合房间隔缺损封堵术具有操作安全简便的特点,近、中期的随访效果良好。     

左心耳封堵术后器械相关血栓形成的原因和防治

心房颤动是常见的心律失常之一,最主要的危害是其形成的左心耳血栓脱落引起缺血性卒中或系统性血栓栓塞事件。经导管左心耳封堵术已成为非瓣膜性心房颤动患者预防卒中及栓塞不良事件的一种有效干预措施,与口服抗凝治疗相比,可明显降低卒中的发生率,且不增加出血风险。但左心耳封堵器置入术后器械相关血栓的发生及其引起的血栓栓塞并发症一直是...     

北京郊区单中心心房颤动合并急性冠状动脉综合征患者住院期间抗凝治疗现状调查

目的:心房颤动合并急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的抗凝策略是目前研究的热点,分析目前中国基层医院心房颤动合并ACS患者抗凝治疗现况和可能的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析本院2013年至2017年,心房颤动合并ACS患者的临床资料,提取临床信息进行分析。收集患者一般情况、心房颤动类型、ACS类型,心功能分级,LVEF<40%值,室壁瘤及左心耳血栓,肝肾功能不全,既往冠状动脉介入(PCI)史,既往CABG史、卒中/TIA/血栓栓塞病史、血管性疾病、高血压、糖尿病、是否存在INR异常值、是否有饮酒史,出血史,是否存在肝、肾功能异常、抗血小板药物治疗情况、口服抗凝药物类型等住院资料,计算CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分及HAS-BLED评分。结果:根据是否应用抗凝治疗,将患者分为抗凝组(n=26)与非抗凝组(n=343),抗凝组与非抗凝组患者在合并静脉系统血栓栓塞(肺栓塞和下肢静脉血栓)方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),余一般情况差异无统计学意义。根据CHA_2DS_2-VAS_C评分及HAS-BLED评分,提示心房颤动合并ACS患者以CHA_2DS_2-VAS_C≥2分、HAS-BLED评分<3分为主,但高卒中低出血风险组的抗凝比例极低。未抗凝治疗原因多为未开具抗凝处方及担心出血风险。结论:基层医院心房颤动合并ACS患者的抗凝治疗多不合理,心房颤动合并ACS患者中抗凝治疗比例低。     

心房颤动合并血栓栓塞事件患者的左心耳流速及收缩功能分析

目的评估首次接受导管消融的心房颤动(AF)患者合并血栓栓塞(TE)事件与否,其左心耳血流速度及收缩功能的指标差异。方法共入选我中心因药物治疗无效接受首次导管消融的AF患者共57例。术前经食管超声心动图测量其左心耳峰值流速(LAV)及分数面积改变(FAC),并根据患者是否合并TE事件进行分组分析。结果心房颤动患者57例,共有7例(12.28%)AF患者合并TE事件。与非TE组患者比较,TE组患者的平均LAV值[(0.25±0.04)m/s vs(0.50±0.17)m/s,P0.01]及平均FAC值[(16.43±8.98)%vs(40.92±18.41)%,P0.01]均更低。同时,TE组患者的CHADS2及CHA2DS2_VASc积分均更高(均P0.01)。结论既往有血栓栓塞事件史的心房颤动患者左心耳血流速度及收缩功能水平更低。     

进一步提高左心耳封堵预防心房颤动 血栓栓塞的治疗质量

血栓栓塞事件是心房颤动最为严重的并发症,其传统预防方法为长期口服抗凝药物。近年来,左心耳封堵术 已成为预防心房颤动患者血栓栓塞事件的新方法。未来仍需进一步提高左心耳封堵预防心房颤动患者血栓栓塞的 治疗质量。     

Left atrial appendage closure: A therapy uniquely suited for specific populations of patients with atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically relevant arrhythmia and confers a fivefold increased risk for stroke. Cardioembolic stroke secondary to AF is a devastating event, but is largely preventable with appropriate oral anticoagulation (OAC). The PROTECT and PREVAIL trials demonstrated that the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) device in combination with short‐term warfarin therapy is noninferior to long‐term warfarin with respect to a composite endpoint of stroke, cardiovascular death, and systemic embolism. Importantly, the WATCHMAN confers a significant reduction in life‐threatening bleeding compared to OAC. Although direct‐acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) are superior to warfarin in eligible patients, several important AF populations exist in whom left atrial appendage (LAA) closure may be preferable to DOAC. Populations warranting strong consideration of LAAC include patients with contraindications to DOAC, end‐stage renal disease, prior intracranial hemorrhage, recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, and patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement or left atrial electrical isolation. Device‐related thrombosis is an important complication of LAAC, and DOAC may be preferential to warfarin for prevention and treatment of this complication remains unexplored. Prospective clinical trials comparing DOAC to LAAC in these unique populations are either ongoing or needed.     

Initial worldwide experience with the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage system for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the feasibility of implanting a device in the left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to prevent thromboembolic stroke. BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses confirmed that in cases of left atrial thrombus in nonrheumatic AF patients approximately 90% of them are in the LAA. METHODS: The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage System (Atritech Inc., Plymouth, Minnesota) is a nitinol device implanted percutaneously to seal the LAA. Patients were followed by clinical and transesophageal echocardiography at 45 days and 6 months with annual clinical follow-up thereafter. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients underwent device implantation. Mean follow-up was 740 +/- 341 days. At 45 days, 93% (54 of 58) devices showed successful sealing of LAA according to protocol. Two patients experienced device embolization, both successfully retrieved percutaneously. No embolizations occurred in 53 patients enrolled after modification of fixation barbs. There were 2 cardiac tamponades, 1 air embolism, and 1 delivery wire fracture (first generation) with surgical explantation but no long-term sequelae for the patient. Four patients developed a flat thrombus layer on the device at 6 months that resolved with additional anticoagulation. Two patients experienced transient ischemic attack, 1 without visible thrombus. There were 2 deaths, neither device related. Autopsy documented a stable, fully endothelialized device 9 months after implantation. No strokes occurred during follow-up despite >90% of patients with discontinuation of anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data suggest LAA occlusion with the WATCHMAN System to be safe and feasible. A randomized study is ongoing comparing oral anticoagulation with percutaneous closure.     

低强度华法林抗凝治疗高出血风险房颤患者的有效性及安全性临床研究

目的：应用2010年欧洲心脏病学协会（ESC）房颤新指南提出的新的评分系统卒中危险评分（CHA2DS2-VASc）和首次推出的出血风险评分法（HAS-BLED）,观察CHA2DS2-VASc积分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分时,低强度华法林抗凝治疗高出血风险房颤患者的抗栓疗效和安全性。方法2011年1月至2012年1月我院非瓣膜性房颤患者99例,其CHA2DS2-VASc卒中危险评分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分。全部病例分成两组,标准强度华法林治疗组[2.0＜国际标准化比值（INR）≤3.0]和低强度华法林治疗组（1.6≤INR≤2.0）。观察两组患者的血栓栓塞率及出血发生率。结果卡方检验结果显示,两组患者的血栓栓塞率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;标准强度华法林治疗组的出血发生率高于低强度华法林治疗组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 CHA2DS2-VASc卒中危险评分≥1分且HAS-BLED出血风险积分≥3分的高出血风险的房颤患者可以采用低强度华法林抗凝,能有效减少血栓栓塞事件的发生,同时不增加严重出血事件,使用安全可靠。     

A new left atrial appendage occluder (Lifetech LAmbreTM Device) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia which causes ischemic stroke. Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is increasingly performed in AF patients with high stroke and bleeding risks. WATCHMAN and Amplatzer Cardiac Plug are the two mostly implanted devices worldwide with good clinical results. However, the need for relatively large delivery sheaths (9–14 French) and limited recapture and repositioning capabilities remains problematic for both devices. LAmbre? is a new; self-expanding LAA occluder constructed from a nitinol mesh and polyester membranes. It consists of an umbrella and a cover connected by a short central waist. The device is delivered by an 8-10 French sheath and has full recapture and repositioning capabilities. This report discussed in detail the novel features andprocedural steps for LAmbre? device.     

Medical management of connector pin thrombosis with the Amplatzer cardiac plug left atrial closure device

Transcatheter closure of the left atrial appendage with the Amplatzer™ cardiac plug device and double antiplatelet treatment for 3 mo has become an alternative treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation at high embolism risk and contraindications for chronic oral anticoagulation. The inadequate implantation of the left atrial appendage closure device and the discontinuation of double antiplatelet therapy are well-known as factors related to device thrombosis. Nevertheless, device thrombosis after adequate implantation requiring surgical treatment or restarting chronic oral anticoagulation has been reported and can reach 15% of patients. The connector pin thrombosis of the Amplatzer™ cardiac plug, despite a good adherence to antiplatelet treatment, has been recently described as a potential mechanism for device thrombosis. Our clinical case reports the management of this condition for the first time, showing that the early detection of thrombotic complications by transesophageal echocardiography permits solving this serious complication with medical treatment only.     

心房颤动患者危险分层后抗凝治疗的临床研究

目的根据CHADS2评分对心房颤动（房颤）患者进行危险分层,探讨口服阿司匹林抗凝治疗与口服华法林抗栓治疗预防缺血性脑卒中的临床效果。方法对82例非瓣膜病房颤患者根据CHADS2评分进行分组,抗凝周期均大于6个月,其中40例评分〈2的患者口服阿司匹林（1组）,评分≥2的患者中25例口服阿司匹林（2组）抗凝,17例口服华法林抗栓,分别随访是否有缺血性脑卒中、死亡及主要出血事件的发生。结果1组1例发生缺血性脑卒中,2组发生缺血性脑卒中5例,口服华法林治疗组无缺血性脑卒中发生,1例胃出血。结论根据CHADS2评分进行危险分层后,1组抗凝治疗安全有效,而2组抗凝治疗较口服华法林抗栓治疗不能有效地预防缺血性脑卒中的发生。     

Intraprocedural and long-term incomplete occlusion of the left atrial appendage following placement of the WATCHMAN device: a single center experience

Incomplete LAA Occlusion by WATCHMAN Device . Introduction: Transcatheter left atrial appendage (LAA) closure with the WATCHMAN device has become one of the therapeutic options in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who are at high risk for ischemic stroke. However, the incidence and evolution of incomplete occlusion of the LAA during and after placement of the WATCHMAN device has not been reported. Methods and Results: Fifty‐eight consecutive patients who had undergone WATCHMAN device implant were included in the study. Intraprocedural, 45‐day and 12‐month transesophageal echocardiogram images were reviewed and analyzed. Peridevice gap was noted in 16 (27.6%), 17 (29.3%), and 20 (34.5%) patients across the 3 time points. Intraprocedural gaps are more likely to be persistent until 12 months and become larger in size over time. New gap also occurs during follow‐up even if the LAA was completely sealed at implantation. One patient had an ischemic stroke 4.7 months after implant; another patient developed a left atrial thrombus over the device 21.6 months after implant. Both patients had intraprocedural gap and discontinued warfarin therapy after the 45‐day evaluation. Conclusion: Incomplete LAA occlusion with a gap between the WATCHMAN device surface and the LAA wall is relatively common. Intraprocedural gaps are more likely to become bigger over time and persist, while new gaps also occur during follow‐up. Further studies are warranted to verify whether the presence and persistence of a peridevice gap is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic event in AF patients implanted with a WATCHMAN device. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 455‐461, May 2012)     

Transcatheter closure of the left atrial appendage: Initial experience with the amplatzer cardiac plug device

Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure might reduce the cardioembolic risk in those patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who are not candidates for warfarin therapy. This report presents the case of two patients with atrial fibrillation who had contraindications for warfarin therapy due to bleeding complications and a high cardioembolic risk (CHADS2 ≥2) who underwent successful LAA closure with a new device, the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug. The characteristics of the device and the main technical aspects of the procedure, as well as the potential advantages of this device for LAA closure, are discussed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

压缩比偏大WATCHMAN左心耳封堵器的疗效与安全性

目的 观察压缩比偏大WATCHMAN左心耳封堵（left atrial appendage closure, LAAC）术后的短、中期疗效与安全性。 方法 选择2016年10月～2019年10月我中心实施WATCHMAN左心耳封堵治疗的患者（n=113）,按封堵器压缩比≥25%分为压缩比偏大组（n=23）和压缩比正常组(n=90),研究临床基线资料,统计围手术期并发症的发生情况,随访短、中期情况。 结果 两组间基线资料的差异无统计学意义。随访中位数14（3,39）月,压缩比偏大组无封堵器表面血栓形成、心脏压塞;无新发脑卒中、外周动脉栓塞;无消化道出血、泌尿系出血以及颅内出血。压缩比偏大组左心耳双叶式形态比例、术中封堵器露肩比例以及术后随访中残余分流比例较压缩比正常组显著增高（P<0.05, P<0.01）。 结论 压缩比偏大组WATCHMAN LAAC器的短、中期随访结果是安全有效的,但术后残余分流发生率较高。     

肺静脉开口面积及左心房容积指数与房颤患者血栓栓塞风险的相关性研究

目的：探讨肺静脉开口面积及左心房容积指数与房颤患者血栓栓塞风险的相关性。方法连续纳入206例非瓣膜性房颤患者,计算 CHADS2评分和 CHA2 DS2-VASc 评分,将评分为0分、1分和≥2分者分别归入低危组、中危组、高危组。根据经食管超声心动图和脑 CT 检查结果,将所有患者分为血栓组和非血栓组。应用肺静脉多层螺旋 CT（multi-slice spiral com-puted tomography,MSCT）测量左上肺静脉、左下肺静脉、右上肺静脉及右下肺静脉的开口面积;运用经胸心脏彩色多普勒超声测量左心房上下径、前后径及左右径,计算左心房容积指数（left atrial volume index,LAVI）。采用 Spearman 等级相关性分析,分析肺静脉开口面积及 LAVI 与血栓栓塞风险计分的相关性,通过 ROC 曲线比较各项指标对非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞的预测价值。结果（1）CHADS2评分低危、中危、高危患者分别有73例（35．4％）、82例（39．8％）和51例（24．8％）,而在 CHA2 DS2-VASc 评分下,各组分别有41例（19．9％）、67例（32．5％）和98例（47．6％）。LAVI、左上肺静脉开口面积、左下肺静脉开口面积、右上肺静脉开口面积、肺静脉开口总面积与 CHADS2评分及 CHA2 DS2-VASc 评分均存在显著相关性。（2）LAVI、左上肺静脉开口面积、左下肺静脉开口面积及肺静脉开口总面积对非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞风险的预测有诊断价值。结论心脏超声测得的 LAVI、MSCT 测得的肺静脉开口面积与CHADS2评分及 CHA2 DS2-VASc 评分存在相关性。这些指标对非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞风险具有一定的预测价值。