冠状动脉旁路移植术同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗老年冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄的研究

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronory artery bypass grafe,CABG)同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)治疗老年冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄患者的耐受性及预后。方法回顾性分析2010年3月~2013年3月郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院心脏外科收治的老年冠心病患者180例,其中同期行CEA、CABG(观察组)与分期行CABG、CEA(对照组)各90例。比较2组手术时间、单支颈动脉阻断时间、桥血管血流量、ICU停留时间、住院时间、颈动脉狭窄处内径、流速及LVEF,记录围术期并发症发生率。结果观察组手术时间明显长于对照组[(213.51±36.75)min vs(196.34±30.42)min,P0.01],而ICU停留时间、住院时间明显短于对照组[(2.10±0.75)d vs(2.53±0.94)d,(24.16±6.57)d vs(36.24±12.53)d,P0.01)]。与术前比较,2组术后颈动脉狭窄处内径、LVEF明显升高,流速明显减慢,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而2组术后颈动脉狭窄处内径、LVEF、流速比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组围术期并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论同期行CEA、CABG治疗老年冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄疗效与分期手术相当,且前者只需进行1次手术,有利于促进患者康复,还可减少围术期并发症发生率,然而其手术时间延长,需注意手术适应证。     

冠状动脉旁路移植同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术

目的总结冠心病并发颈动脉狭窄同期手术治疗的经验,并对手术适应证和手术方法进行探讨.方法冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病并发颈动脉狭窄11例中,7例先行颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA),然后在心脏跳动下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump CABG);3例先行CEA,然后在体外循环(CPB)下行CABG,其中1例同期二尖瓣成形术,1例在CPR下先行CEA,然后再行CABG.结果术后30d内死亡2例,余9例术后10d内出院,随诊5个月～1年无死亡,复查未发现持续和短暂神经系统症状,无心绞痛和心肌梗死再发生.结论颈动脉内膜剥脱术和冠状动脉旁路移植术可以同期进行,同期手术减少了分期手术间歇期的风险.术中科学规范的外科操作是取得良好效果的关键.     

冠状动脉旁路移植联合颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄的体会

目的:总结冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)联合颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)治疗冠心病合并重度颈动脉狭窄的经验,探讨手术方法及疗效.方法:回顾性分析2011年1月-2020年3月我院37例冠心病合并重度颈动脉狭窄患者行CABG与CEA手术的临床资料.冠状动脉造影显示左主干病变9例,其余均为冠状动脉3支病变;合并单侧颈动脉重度狭...     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行冠状动脉内膜剥脱术的围术期护理

目的:探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)同期行冠状动脉内膜剥脱术(CE)的围术期护理策略。方法:2013年12月至2014年10月,CABG患者同期行CE术的共50例,术后观察指标:心理护理、血流动力学指标、抗凝监测指标等方面的围术期护理。结果:通过加强围术期护理,配合医生完成了50例患者的外科学治疗,术后存活率99.8%,共发生围术期心肌梗死2例,其中死亡1例,低氧血症1例,术后新发心房颤动11例,2例低心排出量综合征应用IABP辅助后得以好转,无短暂性脑缺血发作和脑卒中发生。结论:对于CABG术同期行内膜剥脱术治疗的患者,加强围术期护理是提高患者生存率的有效措施之一。     

针对性康复在同期行非体外不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术与颈动脉内膜剥脱术患者中的应用

目的：探讨针对性康复干预对冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄患者行同期冠状动脉旁路移植术+颈动脉内膜剥脱术后短期预后的影响。方法：选取北京安贞医院冠心病外科中心2018年2月至2021年5月连续收治的58例接受同期OPCABG+CEA的患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为两组对照组29例,观察组29例。对照组术后予以常规康复,观察组在对照组基础上予以针对性康复干预。观察术后脑梗死的发生率和术后住院时间。结果：两组术后急性脑梗死,对照组2例（6.9%）,观察组未发生,但差异无统计学意义。对照组的中位术后住院时间为13d,最早术后第10d出院。而观察组中位术后住院时间为10d,最早术后第8天即出院,差异有统计学差意义。结论：针对性康复干预可改善可能改善冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄患者同期行OPCABG+CEA的短期预后,缩短术后住院时间。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术血运重建患者伴发颈动脉狭窄的临床研究进展

正颈动脉狭窄及冠心病是临床常见的血管病变,而且两者同时存在亦不少见。有研究报道,行冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass graft,CABG)患者中22%存在严重的颈动脉狭窄;而在行颈动脉内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)患者中有28%存在严重的冠心病,且需要进行外科治疗。目前对同时存在颈动脉狭窄和冠心病患者外     

冠状动脉内膜剥脱术在冠心病外科治疗中的运用

目的 探讨冠状动脉内膜剥脱术在冠心病外科治疗中的运用,评估其临床疗效。方法 19例冠心病患者接受非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,术中运用冠状动脉内膜剥脱术,分析围手术期临床资料,中期随访不良事件的发生率,总结冠状动脉内膜剥脱术的技术要点。结果 19例病例术中共行冠状动脉内膜剥脱35处,其中前降支系统7支（37%,其中前降支5支、对角支2支）,回旋支系统2支（10%）,右冠状动脉系统10支（53%,其中主干4支、后降支6支）;4例患者同时行2支血管内膜剥脱。患者无围术期心肌梗死和手术死亡;中期随访无心绞痛发作,术后1年冠状动脉CTA提示所有吻合口通畅率为92.5%。结论 冠状动脉内膜剥脱术能安全、有效地实现冠状动脉完全再血管化,近中期效果满意,是治疗弥漫性冠状动脉病变的有效方法。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病32例体会

目的 总结冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）治疗冠心病的临床经验。方法 收集2012年1月到2015年1月期间32例行冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者临床资料,其中行常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CCABG）19例,非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）13例。对患者手术方法、桥血管的选择及住院时间等资料进行分析。结果 所有患者平均搭桥3.5根,患者术后均无严重并发症,无手术死亡。29例患者术后心绞痛症状完全消失,3例症状较术前减轻,住院一段时间后均痊愈出院。结论 冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效显著,手术安全性较高,近期临床效果满意。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的体会

目的 探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）对冠心病的治疗效果.方法 2005年7月至2010年 8月共行冠状动脉旁路移植术 82例,年龄38～78（61.8±12.7）岁,病程3个月至12年;有心肌梗死病史13例（15.6%）,合并高血压56例（68.3%）、糖尿病30例（36.5%）.术前心功能（NYHA）Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,Ⅰ级21例、Ⅱ级48例、Ⅲ级13例.手术在全麻体外循环下进行,取大隐静脉（SVG）与左乳内动脉（LIMA）,左乳内动脉与前降支（LAD）搭桥,其余用大隐静脉搭桥,平均每例搭桥（2.60±0.85）根,二尖瓣成形4例.结果 全组死亡1例,死于急性胰腺炎.术后低心排6例、房颤 10例,并发肺不张2例,4例术后引流多,二次开胸止血,1例术后第3天发现上纵隔增宽,二次开胸清除血块.结论 冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效显著,确切恢复和重建心肌血运,手术安全,结果令人满意.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术不同术式的临床疗效比较

目的对比研究冠心病患者体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术效果。方法106例择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者分为两组,体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组59例,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组47例,对两组相关指标进行对比分析。结果两组在平均搭桥支数、平均动脉桥支数、死亡率以及术后并发症的发生率方面无明显差异(P>0.05);而非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组术后呼吸机支持时间、ICU天数、平均住院天数以及胸腔引流量和输血量均低于体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组(P<0.05)。结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术均是冠心病外科治疗有效的方法;与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术相比,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在缩短呼吸机支持时间、减少胸腔引流量、输血量和平均住院天数等方面具有一定的优势。     

Effect of hypothermia in patients undergoing simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass graft surgery

The co-existence of coronary, carotid, peripheral and renal atherosclerotic diseases is not infrequent and it was reported that 24% of patients with coronary artery disease have at least one additional atherosclerotic lesion.1 In previous studies, 4.6 to 8.0% of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) had severe coronary artery stenosis (CAS), the extent of the atherosclerotic involvement being significantly correlated with the carotid and coronary arteries.2,3 Simultaneous surgical management of concomitant coronary and carotid artery disease has been the focus of interest in the past two decades since success rates of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has substantially increased while a preventive approach for adverse neurological outcomes has gained popularity.4 Carotid stenosis and previous history of cerebrovascular disease were reported to be among the most prominent risk factors for peri-operative stroke and neurocognitive decline in patients undergoing CABG.5The optimal decision for the timing of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is controversial in patients submitted for CABG since data focusing on establishing the best strategy of practice are limited.6 There have been numerous cross-sectional studies reporting favourable outcomes for both simultaneous and staged CEA and CABG procedures,7-9 and some authors have suggested that the decision to perform the two procedures simultaneously should be made based on strict patient selection criteria.10 Nevertheless, delaying the CEA was found to be an independent predictor of early stroke and death in one recent randomised trial.11 This uncertainty led to an increasing trend towards individualisation of the treatment in patients with concomitant disease.Some earlier studies implied the potential role of hypothermia as a preventative measure against adverse postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing single-stage on-pump CABG and CEA.12,13 However, these studies fell short of their goal of determining whether hypothermia provides protection, because none of them involved a control group of patients undergoing CEA under normothermic conditions. In this study we sought to determine whether hypothermia provided any benefit in patients undergoing simultaneous CABG and CEA using one of two different surgical strategies.     

序贯旁路移植同期行内膜剥脱在非体外循环冠脉搭桥术中的应用

目的:回顾性总结非体外循环下序贯旁路移植技术同期行内膜剥脱治疗严重弥漫性冠状动脉病变的临床疗效. 方法:52例冠心病患者接受非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术,桥血管吻合采用序贯旁路移植技术,并同期行内膜剥脱完善再血管化治疗.分析所有病例的围手术期临床资料,中期随访不良事件的发生率,冠状动脉CTA评价桥血管及吻合口的通畅程度. 结果:52例病例共接受移植物82支,平均搭桥(1.6±1.2)支.同期共行内膜剥脱61次,平均内膜剥脱(1.1±0.2)次/例.围手术期死亡3例(5.8％),心肌梗死3例(5.8％).出院后平均随访时间为(23±5)个月,累计发生死亡6例(11.5％),心肌梗死5例(9.6％),再次血运重建4例(7.7％).术后1年冠状动脉CTA提示所有吻合口通畅率为93.5％,内膜剥脱后吻合口通畅率略低于未接受内膜剥脱的吻合口(80.6％ vs.98.9％,P＜0.05). 结论:非体外循环下序贯旁路移植同期行冠状动脉内膜剥脱可安全、有效地实现冠状动脉完全再血管化,近中期效果满意,是治疗弥漫性冠状动脉病变的有效方法.     

Radial artery graft use and off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery outcome

Radial artery is commonly used as a conduit for surgical revascularization. There is scarce data on the effect of radial artery use on outcome following off-pump coronary artery bypass. We prospectively evaluated 591 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass. Radial artery grafts were used in 398 of these patients (mean age, 67.6 +/- 10.4 years; mean follow-up, 37.7 +/- 13.4 months). Symptom recurrence (angina, congestive heart failure), adverse cardiac events (myocardial infarction, coronary re-intervention, sudden cardiac death), and overall mortality were recorded. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors of endpoints. Patients with and without radial artery grafts were similar with respect to preoperative risk factors. Recurrent angina developed in 29 patients, congestive heart failure in 5, and myocardial infarction in 9. Coronary arteriography was performed in 27 patients, and 23 underwent re-intervention. Radial artery graft was an independent predictor of increased symptom recurrence and adverse cardiac events. Patients with radial artery grafts also had a tendency towards more angina recurrence, coronary re-intervention, and sudden cardiac death.     

Simultaneous off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery and wide glossectomy

Patients suffering with significant coronary artery disease undergoing elective noncardiac surgery may benefit by revascularisation prior to noncardiac surgery with high or intermediate risks. Alternatively, combined procedures can be performed. We describe the management of an anaesthetic patient suffering with significant coronary artery disease with left ventricular dysfunction and tumour of the tongue causing difficult intubation.     

Renal outcome following on- and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery

A prospective study was carried out to compare the outcomes of patients with preexisting non-dialysis-dependent renal dysfunction who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Elective off-pump coronary artery bypass was performed in 29 patients with renal dysfunction. Their results were compared with those of a similar group of 35 patients who underwent the conventional on-pump coronary artery grafting. There was a significant deterioration in creatinine clearance in the on-pump group on days 1, 2, and 4 after surgery, while creatinine clearance in the off-pump group remained close to the baseline level. Both groups had improved to the preoperative creatinine clearance values on follow-up at 4 weeks. It was concluded that off-pump surgery provided better renal protection than the conventional on-pump technique in patients with preexisting non-dialysis-dependent renal dysfunction.     

Mid-term outcomes of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate survival and readmissions to hospital for cardiac events or coronary revascularization (REVASC) in patients having off-pump (OPCAB) versus conventional on-pump (CCAB) coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

METHODS:

Of 11,368 consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG between 1996 and 2002, 514 had OPCAB surgery. Using propensity scores, 503 CCAB patients were randomly matched to 503 OPCAB patients.

RESULTS:

There were no clinical or statistical differences between the two groups for any prognostic variable. However, OPCAB patients received significantly fewer distal anastomoses than the CCAB group (2.6±1.0 versus 3.1±1.0; P<0.001). There was no difference in operative mortality (OPCAB 1.0%, CCAB 1.4%; P=0.6), but the OPCAB group had significantly fewer operative strokes (0.2% versus 1.8%; P=0.01). Follow-up was 99.7% complete at 2.2±1.2 years (range 0 to 6 years). Twice as many OPCAB patients (n=24) required REVASC compared with the CCAB (n=11) group. The following five-year actuarial outcomes are presented for CCAB and OPCAB, respectively: survival: 77±6%, 76±8%, P=0.8; freedom from REVASC: 95±3%, 92±2%, P=0.02; and cardiac event-free survival: 76±5%, 62±8%; P=0.05. Cox regression revealed that OPCAB was a significant independent predictor of poorer freedom from REVASC (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.6; P=0.04) and cardiac event-free survival (RR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1 to 2.2; P=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of OPCAB remains controversial. These results, from this early experience, suggest that despite improved hospital outcomes, the lesser degree of REVASC raises concerns about the need for repeat revascularization in the OPCAB group.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的疗效

目的 观察非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）治疗冠心病的疗效。方法 170例冠心病患者随机分为体外循环下CABG组（On-pump组,n=85例）和非体外循环不停跳CABG组（Off-pump组,n=85例）。观察两组患者氧合指数（OI）、肺泡-动脉氧差（AaDO2）、呼吸机辅助时间、正性肌力药物使用量及时间、术后24 h出血量、输血量及心肌酶值。结果 Off-pump组在出血量、输血量、辅助呼吸时间、呼吸指标均明显优于On-pump组,正性肌力药物使用时间及心肌酶值显著少于On-pump组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 采用非体外循环进行CABG治疗冠心病优于体外循环。     

Conscious off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

BACKGROUND: Cardiothoracic surgery has been previously performed successfully under thoracic epidural anesthesia alone. Between October 2001 and December 2003, we performed 123 conscious off-pump coronary artery bypass surgeries using epidural anesthesia as the sole anesthetic. This technique is an alternative to cardiothoracic surgery performed under general anesthesia. Certain modifications in the technique facilitate the process. METHODS AND RESULTS: There were 24 female patients and 99 male patients with mean age of 58.6 +/- 6.2 years; 12 patients underwent repeat coronary artery bypass surgery. All the patients underwent epidural catheterization on the evening before surgery. Out of the 123 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 120 underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery successfully; 4 patients underwent off-pump surgery via left thoracotomy and the rest through mid sternotomy. These patients received 295 grafts in all (single graft in 26 patients, double in 42 patients, triple in 35 patients, and quadruple in 20 patients). Three patients required conversion to general anesthesia and one to cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no mortality in the group. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that by modifying the surgical techniques, we can accomplish conscious coronary artery bypass surgery.