双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病

目的 应用双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激（DBS）治疗难治性帕金森病（PD），并对其疗效作出评价。方法 对7例帕金森病患者采用磁共振导向立体定向及术中电生理验证方法，将刺激电极分别植入丘脑底核，采用同期或分期植入刺激发生器。术后1周用程控计算机在体外调速刺激参数，以达到最佳疗效。结果 6例患者术后均获得了显著的疗效。震颤完全消失，肌强直、步态、姿障碍以及药物所致的并发症明显,面时多巴胺类药物用量明显减少，1例曾接爱双侧丘脑腹中间核及一侧苍白球毁损后的患者只得到了轻度改善。结论 DBS法治疗中晚期PD，具有安全，副作用可逆转的优点，且可根据患者的不同状况及病情发展调节刺激参数达到最佳症状控制，完全控制震颤，明显改善肌张力障碍、步态、资势等运动障碍及药物所致的并发症，另外多巴胺类药物的用量也明显减少。     

双侧丘脑底核脑深部刺激术治疗帕金森病13例报告

目的 探讨双侧丘脑底核（STN）脑深部刺激术（DBS）治疗帕金森病的临床经验。方法 从2002年到2005年共完成了13例帕金森病的双侧丘脑底核DBS，根据STN解剖学定位，靶点的理论坐标值是X=11-13mm，Y=0-2mm，Z=0-4mm，通过立体定向技术在双侧丘脑底核植入刺激电极，并于锁骨下方植入脑深部电刺激器。结果 随访时间为6个月到3年，3例震颤为主病人的症状完全缓解，即震颤完全消失；僵直和运动迟缓为主要症状者的症状缓解程度达90％以上，其中以四肢肌肉僵直的效果较好，运动迟缓也有明显缓解，但是有1例病人双侧肢运动协调性差。所有患者植物神经功能症状有较明显改善，如便秘、流涎、出汗和浮肿等均有改善。结论 DBS治疗帕金森病，是帕金森病治疗的一个里程碑似的进步。它可以明显地缓解帕金森病的主要症状和体征，对运动迟缓、僵直和震颤等均有较理想的效果。     

Subthalamic deep brain stimulation in lingual dystonia: A case series study

Lingual dystonia is a rare disease, which often interferes with daily activities severely. The efficacy of GPi-DBS on patients with refractory lingual symptoms has been previously reported, while high-level evidence is inadequate. Uniquely, we retrospect six lingual dystonia patients treating with subthalamic DBS, showing its immediate, and long-lasting efficacy.     

丘脑底核脑深部刺激术治疗帕金森病的手术方法和疗效分析

目的 总结帕金森病(PD)脑深部刺激术(DBS)治疗的手术方法和效果。方法 对25例帕金森病患者进行了丘脑底核DBS治疗,其中单侧17例,双侧8例。采用磁共振扫描结合微电极记录技术进行靶点定位。术后用UPDRS运动评分评价刺激效果。结果 25例PD患者术后随访5～34个月,平均8.3个月。脉冲发生器开启时,在“关”状态下,UPDRS运动评分改善率50.2％;在“开”状态下,UPDRS运动评分改善率20.7％,未发现任何并发症。结论 丘脑底核DBS是改善PD患者运动功能较为理想的治疗方法。     

丘脑底核电刺激治疗继发性肌张力障碍

目的 探讨丘脑底核（STN）的脑深部电剌激（DBS）治疗继发性肌张力障碍的可行性、适应证和并发症。方法 5例行双侧STN—DBS，1例行单侧STN—DBS。结果 术中利用微电极记录的电信号获得STN的准确靶点定位，电刺激后患者肌张力有不同程度下降，但扭转改善不明显。随访半年至3年，6例患者中，药物引起的迟发性肌张力障碍及外伤性肌张力障碍的患者疗效理想，BFMDRS评分改善均在90％以上，且随着随访时间的延长，效果持续不断改善；其余4例患者疗效不佳，4例均肌张力略有改善，其中1例扭转略改善，1例语言及步态略有改善。手术后患者均无明显合并症，但1例术后16个月发现左侧电极折断，后取出。结论 DBS治疗迟发性和外伤性继发性肌张力障碍效果理想，而对于缺氧或脑基底节区弥漫性损害的继发性肌张力障碍效果不佳；STN可以成为治疗本病的理想靶点；术中应根据电生理记录结果和肌张力的轻度改善作为靶点定位的指标；手术无明显合并症。     

脑深部电刺激术治疗Hallervorden-Spatz病一例及文献复习

目的 观察双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术治疗1例Hallervorden-Spatz病的手术效果.方法 将脑深部刺激电极植入双侧丘脑底核,分别于术前、开机后1个月、开机后3个月,12个月时对其进行BFM及BFMDMS评分,评价治疗效果.结果 术前、开机后1个月、开机后3个月、12个月的BFMDMS评分分别为114、35、28、14分,症状改善率刺激1个月时为69%、3个月为75%、12个月为88%.持续刺激未引起任何不良反应,患者不再服用相关药物.结论 双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术能够有效的改善严重的全身性肌张力障碍Hallervorden-Spatz病症状,是一种可供选择的安全有效的治疗方法.     

脑深部电刺激猴帕金森病模型的建立

目的通过猴偏侧帕金森病（Parkinson disease,PD）模型丘脑底核（subthalamic nucleus,STN）脑深部电刺激（deep brain stimulation,DBS）系统的植入,对脑深部电刺激动物模型的制备进行了探讨.方法2只猴偏侧PD模型,按照猴脑立体定向图谱,在右侧STN植入脑深部刺激电极,并同期皮下植入脉冲发生器.术后行头颅X线平片和MRI检查,给予慢性高频电刺激,观察运动症状改善.结果2只偏侧猴PD模型成功的同期植入DBS系统,术后的症状观察和阿朴吗啡（apomorphine,APO）诱发旋转实验,证实STN慢性高频电刺激有效地缓解了猴PD样症状.结论通过立体定向技术同期将DBS系统植入动物体内,可以有效的建立DBS动物模型,为DBS在神经疾病的应用研究提供了良好的实验模型.     

A novel approach to investigate neuronal network activity patterns affected by deep brain stimulation in rats

The establishment of new therapeutic indications for deep brain stimulation (DBS) is ambitiously promoted though the underlying mechanisms remain contested. Here, we report that PET-imaging and subsequent c-Fos-immunostaining in rats constitute a new translational approach to further understand DBS-mechanisms and -effectiveness.     

丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病合并抑郁障碍的长期疗效

目的研究丘脑底核（STN）脑深部电刺激（DBS）治疗帕金森病（PD）合并抑郁障碍的长期疗效并探讨其神经机制。方法对15例合并抑郁障碍的PD患者实施STN脑深部电极植入，术后3个月、6个月和12个月进行随访和临床评价。结果术后运动功能症状如肢体僵硬、震颤、运动迟缓和姿势平衡障碍改善良好，停药后PD分级量表运动评分显著下降（P〈0．01）。术后抑郁障碍症状如焦虑、绝望和激越症状改善良好，停药后汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分显著下降（P〈0．05）。结论STN-DBS能显著改善PD的抑郁障碍症状，STN在PD抑郁障碍神经机制中起重要作用。     

Parkin mutation and deep brain stimulation outcome

Patients with parkin mutations are expected to be good candidates for deep brain stimulation (DBS) because of an excellent levodopa response and frequent occurrence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. However, there are insufficient data on surgical outcome in patients with parkin mutations. This study aimed to compare the outcome of subthalamic nucleus DBS in patients with early-onset Parkinson’s disease with and without parkin mutations. Fourteen patients with early-onset Parkinson’s disease who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS surgery were screened for parkin mutations and assessed for surgical outcomes at baseline and 2–5 years after surgery. Three patients had homozygote/compound heterozygote mutations; two had single heterozygote mutations; and nine had no mutations. Patients with homozygote/compound heterozygote mutations were younger at disease onset and had longer disease duration than patients without a parkin mutation. Postoperatively, there were no significant differences in improvement on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part II, III, and IV, or the reduction of levodopa equivalent daily doses between patients with and without parkin mutations. The therapeutic effect of DBS did not differ between patients with and without parkin mutations.     

Effect of frequency on subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in primary dystonia

BackgroundSubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an alternative target choice for treating primary dystonia, but little is known about the most effective programming parameters.ObjectiveHere we prospectively evaluate the effect of low versus high frequency subthalamic nucleus DBS in patients with predominantly cervical or upper extremity primary dystonia.MethodsSeven patients were stimulated at low frequency stimulation (60 Hz) for the first three months and then switched to high frequency stimulation (130 Hz) until month six. Severity of dystonia was determined by a blinded rater (unaware of the patient's pre or post-operative status) who scored the Burke Fahn Marsden dystonia rating scale movement score (BFMDRS-M) and the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale severity score (TWSTRS-S) preoperatively, three, six, and twelve months post-surgery.ResultsPatients had a lower mean improvement of 16.6% in BFMDRS-M and 9.5% in TWSTRS-S at three months using low frequency stimulation compared to a 52.3% (p = 0.018) and 45.2% (p = 0.028), respectively, noted at six months using high frequency stimulation. At 12 months (using 130 Hz), the BFMDRS-M and TWSTRS-S improved by 51.8% (p = 0.022) and 56% (p = 0.034). Patients developed transient dyskinesia (during low and high frequency stimulation) which improved with programming adjustments.ConclusionThis study offers further support of the effectiveness of subthalamic nucleus DBS in the treatment of primary dystonia and finds that high frequency stimulation was more effective than low frequency stimulation.     

脑深部刺激电极埋置术治疗帕金森病疗效研究

目的 探讨脑深部刺激电极埋置术治疗帕金森病的疗效及其作用机制。方法 对32例帕金森病患者应用微电极导向立体定向技术,于丘脑底核埋置体外可控性脑深部刺激电极,对其疗效和预后进行随访。结果患者术后僵硬、震颤和运动迟缓等症状明显缓解,术前、术后统一帕金森病评分量表(unified Parkinson's disease ratingscale,UPDRS)运动评分和日常生活能力(activities of daily living,ADL)评分有显著性差异(P<0.01),部分患者由药物引起的开-关现象也有明显缓解;协同服用的多巴胺类药物的用量也有不同程度的减少。所有患者术中及术后均无严重的并发症,术后随访疗效肯定。结论 丘脑底核放置深部脑刺激电极,能明显改善帕金森病患者的临床症状,提高手术的安全性,并发症少。     

脑深部电刺激治疗运动障碍性疾病的疗效观察

目的探讨脑深部电刺激（DBS）治疗运动障碍性疾病（MD）的疗效及安全性。方法对49例运动障碍性疾病的患者进行丘脑底核（STN）、苍白球内侧部（Gpi）、丘脑腹中间核（Vim）刺激电极植入术,术前采用1.0 TMR和3.0 TMR T2加权靶点扫描,在直视下行靶点直接定位。手术前后应用统一帕金森病评分量表评分（UPDRS）及Burke Fahn-Marsden运动障碍评分（BFMs）评价临床效果。结果本组手术前帕金森病患者UPDRS：药物＂关＂状态25-80分,平均55分;药物＂开＂状态19-53分,平均34分。术后在开机的情况下UPDRS：药物＂关＂状态17-24分,平均22分,改善率60.0%;药物＂开＂状态15-24分,平均19分,改善率44.0%。4例肌张力障碍患者BFMs平均改善率55.0%。41例患者术后症状迅速改善,肌张力降低,震颤及异动症消失。结论DBS能明显改善MD患者的临床症状,改善其生活质量,且具有安全性。     

The impact of bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation on long-latency event-related potentials

The analysis of long-latency event-related potentials (ERPs) is of importance in the evaluation of certain cognitive functions and in following their subsequent changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) itself can cause changes in the configuration of the ERPs. Using a standard oddball auditory paradigm, we elicited auditory cognitive ERPs in 23 Parkinson's disease patients (in both DBS-ON and DBS-OFF conditions) and in 14 healthy controls. The P200 and P300 amplitudes and latencies, the motor reaction times and the accuracy of button pressing were compared between the DBS-ON and DBS-OFF states and subsequently correlated with the applied stimulation voltage and disease duration. Comparison of the DBS-ON and DBS-OFF conditions revealed that neither the amplitude nor the latency of the examined ERP components changed significantly. However, the behavioral and attentional aspects (e.g. the accuracy of the button pressing responses to the target signal) definitely improved after the DBS was turned on. Positive correlations were demonstrated between the P300 amplitudes over the central and frontal regions and the optimal stimulation voltage and between the disease duration and P300 latencies over the Cz and Fz sites. In conclusion, our data indicate that DBS may have different impacts on various electrophysiological parameters during the oddball paradigm.     

脑深部电刺激治疗肌张力障碍的疗效分析

目的 探讨脑深部电刺激（DBS）丘脑底核（STN）与苍白球内侧部（Gpi）治疗肌张力障碍的疗效。方法 采用STN-DBS与Gpi-DBS治疗肌张力障碍患者34例,术后1、3、6、12和24个月采用Burke-Fahn-Marsden（BFM）肌张力障碍量表评估疗效。结果 34例患者均顺利完成DBS,其中4例未获得缓解和1例因术后感染行二次手术取出刺激装置。29例患者二期手术开机后随访1~2年,症状均得到不同程度的改善,其中21例原发性患者疗效较好,术后BFM运动评分及残疾评分均较术前有明显改善（P<0.05）。继发性患者行DBS术后上述两项评分有所下降,但较术前比较改善不明显。结论 STN-DBS与Gpi-DBS对原发性肌张力障碍患者疗效明显,对继发性患者疗效差。两个靶点刺激均可使肌张力障碍得到不同程度改善,患者STN-DBS比GPi-DBS术后较早期获得改善。     

脑深部电刺激治疗运动障碍性疾病

目的探讨脑深部电刺激(DBS)对帕金森病(PD)和肌张力障碍(dystonia)等运动障碍性疾病的治疗作用及手术方法。方法应用3.0TMRI和微电极导向技术及手术计划系统进行靶点定位,对40例PD病人和3例继发性肌张力障碍病人进行双侧丘脑底核(STN)电极植入。结果PD病人的主要症状有显著改善,服药量也明显减少,术前和术后UPDRS评分有显著差异;3例继发性肌张力障碍病人症状均有不同程度的改善,如以UDRS和BFMS作为评价指标,其中1例药物引起的迟发性肌张力障碍病人症状改善达90%以上;术后无严重及永久并发症。结论首次证实STN-DBS对继发性肌张力障碍是一种有效的治疗方法,双侧STN-DBS是外科治疗PD的首选方法,DBS对运动障碍性疾病的治疗已显示出良好的前景。     

丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗原发性帕金森病的不良事件

目的观察原发性帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者行丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术(deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus,STN DBS)的不良事件。方法纳入行STN DBS的原发性帕金森病45例,收集患者一般临床资料,术后随访至3~9年,观察术后不良事件。结果手术相关不良事件:微毁损效应44例、囊袋积液2例、颅内出血1例、嗜睡1例;未观察到任何装置相关不良事件;刺激或疾病相关不良事件:异动症15例、步态平衡障碍12例,焦虑抑郁状态6例,构音障碍与多巴胺失调综合征各4例,智能减退2例,少数患者出现体重增加、幻觉、睁眼困难等。7例患者因共存疾病死亡。结论 STN DBS大部分不良事件可以控制,术后个体化调整参数及药物,有利于减少STN DBS不良事件。