Local endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms. From operating theater to lab bench

Current treatment of aortic abdominal aneurysms by conventional surgery or endoprosthesis is flawed by high post-operative mortality and unpredictable durability of haemodynamic exclusion, respectively. We have developed endovascular approaches with cell and gene transfer, aimed at controlling further diameter expansion in an animal model of already-developed aneurysms in rats. Preliminary results suggest that both cell and gene endovascular therapy can be used to control expansion of aneurysms generated by inflammation and proteolytic destruction of the aortic wall.     

Hybrid stenting of aortic coarctation in very low birth weight premature infant

A very low birth weight infant with severe aortic coarctation developed progressive left ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary overflow with hemorrhage, while receiving prostaglandins. To avoid morbidity from conventional surgery or percutaneous intervention, a two‐step strategy was performed at a weight of 970 g. First vascular access was obtained through sternotomy: a 3/8 mm coronary stent was deployed through a 4 French sheath in the ascending aorta; the arterial duct was clipped. At the age of 5 months, the stent was removed and the aortic arch reconstructed with an end‐to‐end anastomosis through lateral thoracotomy. This strategy was not associated with morbidity typical for premature infants with congenital heart disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层

目的:总结应用常温非体外循环下升主动脉-主动脉弓分支血管搭桥及主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层的优势。方法:对6例Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层患者进行常温非体外循环杂交手术治疗。6例均先行旁路搭桥后,再行主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入术。其中3例为右优势型椎动脉,仅行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术;2例为左优势型椎动脉,行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术后,再行左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉搭桥术;1例为均衡型椎动脉,先行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术及主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入后,患者出现"盗血综合征",遂行左颈总动脉-左腋动脉人工血管搭桥术。结果:6例患者手术均获得成功,术后无偏瘫、截瘫、严重感染、凝血障碍及脑肺功能障碍等严重并发症,均治愈出院。出院前复查主动脉螺旋CT(64排),6例患者的搭桥人工血管及支架血管血流均通畅。术后随访6～12个月,6例患者恢复好,主动脉及人工血管血流良好。结论:常温非体外循环下升主动脉-主动脉弓分支血管搭桥及主动脉弓和降主动脉支架置入杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层,能简化传统外科治疗方法,避免深低温停循环对脑、肺等重要脏器的损伤,并能减少术后并发症和提高外科治疗效果。     

Minimal access aortic root, valve, and complex ascending aortic surgery

We report our entire experience with minimal access aortic root, valve, and complex ascending aortic surgery. A total of 290 consecutive patients underwent aortic root, valve, and ascending aortic surgery between July 1996 and February 2000. Four groups were identified: isolated aortic valve replacement (AV group, n = 227), aortic root replacement (AR group, n = 44), aortic valve replacement with concomitant replacement of the supracoronary ascending aorta (V/A group, n = 9), and isolated ascending aortic replacement (AA group, n = 10). The procedures were performed through a partial upper hemisternotomy (87%) or a right parasternal approach (13%). Overall mortality was 3.1% (n = 7) for the AV group, 2.3% (n = 1) for the AR group, 0% for the V/A group, and 10.0% (n = 1) for the AA group. Complications included reoperation for bleeding in 10 (4.5%), two (4.7%), one (11.1%), and one (11.1%) for the four groups respectively; and sternal wound infection in eight (3.6%) patients of the AV group and one (2.3%) patient of the AR group. Five (2.3%) patients of the AV group suffered stroke. Isolated or more complicated aortic valve, root and ascending aortic surgery is feasible and safe through a minimally invasive approach with acceptable incidence of complications and mortality, without compromising the efficacy of the procedure.     

Hybrid procedure of bilateral pulmonary artery banding and bilateral ductal stenting in an infant with aortic atresia and interrupted aortic arch

We report an infant with aortic valve atresia, interrupted aortic arch, ventricular septal defect, confluent pulmonary arteries, bilateral arterial ducts, absent common carotid arteries, and anomalous coronary arteries arising from main pulmonary artery. Hybrid procedure consisting of bilateral pulmonary artery banding and bilateral arterial duct stenting was performed at 4 weeks of age. Hybrid procedure can be an alternative palliative approach in an infant with this complex cardiac anatomy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Clinical outcomes in "complex" thoracic aortic surgery

Although the term "complex aortic surgery" has come into increasing use, it has not been defined. We propose the following definition: replacement or remodeling (not resuspension of commissures) of the aortic root, together with either an intracardiac procedure or a replacement of more than 1 segment of aorta, all of which require cerebral protection. We retrospectively analyzed data pertaining to 152 patients (mean age, 56 +/- 12 years) who underwent surgery for thoracic aortic disease with aid of cardiopulmonary bypass from October 2000 through December 2005. The replaced segment was the ascending aorta with or without the root in 106 patients, the aortic arch in 15, and the descending aorta in 31. Among these patients, 10 met our proposed criteria and constituted the complex group. In this group, in addition to the aortic root, the entire thoracic aorta (ascending, arch, and descending) was replaced in 4 patients, the total arch in 2, and a partial arch in 1. The remaining 3 underwent valve or coarctation repair. Their outcomes were analyzed as a sub-group within the overall outcome. The in-hospital mortality rate was 12.5% in the overall group (19/152), 4.1% in elective cases (3/73), and 10% in the complex group (1/10). Duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, myocardial ischemia, and total cerebral protection times were significantly longer in the complex group (P <0.0001). Total cerebral protection time over 40 minutes was the only predictor of neurologic morbidity (P = 0.003; odds ratio, 4.7). Procedural complexity, as we defined it, increased neurologic morbidity, but not the mortality rate.     

复杂TASC D级髂股动脉病变的杂交手术治疗

目的研究杂交手术治疗复杂泛大西洋学会共识(TASC)D级髂股动脉病变的安全性和中期效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年12月青岛大学附属医院收治的复杂D级髂股动脉病变患者27例,根据CT血管成像(CTA)和TASC病变分级原则,C级主髂动脉病变合并D级股胭动脉病变14例,D级主髂动脉病变合并C级股腘动脉病变7例,D级主髂动脉病变合并D级股腘动脉病变6例;所有患者行杂交手术同期处理主髂和股腘动脉病变。记录患者术前、术后6、12、24和36个月的踝肱指数(ABI),并分析术前、术后12、24和36个月的通畅率。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,通畅率采用Kaplan-Meieir生存曲线分析。结果对于主髂动脉病变,术中分别或联合行主股动脉旁路、髂动脉支架植入、股股动脉旁路及内膜剥脱或取栓术;对于股胭动脉病变,术中分别或联合行股胭动脉旁路、动脉内膜剥脱、股深动脉成形、取栓、球囊扩张及支架植入。围手术期无死亡及大并发症发生。术后6、12、24和36个月的患者ABI(0.91±0.16、0.85±0.14、0.82±0.17、0.77±0.13)比术前(0.47±0.4)显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后12、24和36个月通畅率分别为95.7%、80.2%和72.9%。结论杂交手术治疗复杂TASC D级髂股动脉病变安全,中期效果好,尤其适合于高龄、高危患者。     

主动脉A型夹层诊疗在我国主动脉外科中的地位及意义

主动脉A型夹层是我国主动脉疾病的主要病种之一。我国A型夹层患者发病呈年轻化,成功救治患者的社会意义重大。以孙立忠教授为核心的团队采用全弓置换+支架象鼻手术治疗复杂A型主动脉夹层,围术期病死率降至5%以下,引起了国际同行的高度重视。国内多位学者针对不同患者群体的临床特点,制定了多种治疗策略,也取得了较好的效果。随着我国A型夹层诊疗的不断进步,我们对国际主动脉外科学界的贡献日益增加,医院整体实力也相应得到了提高。综上,主动脉A型夹层诊疗的快速进步,在我国主动脉外科的发展中扮演了重要角色。     

Hybrid treatment of aortic aneurism,type-A dissection,and aortic valve stenosis

Hybrid multidisciplinary interventions are attractive care options for heart valve and vascular diseases in high-risk patients. We describe the feasibility of staged hybrid aortic arch repair to treat a type Ia endoleak and transcatheter aortic valve replacement to treat an aortic valve stenosis, achieving an escape strategy to treat an unexpected type-A aortic dissection.     

Combined complex open heart surgery and infra-renal aortic aneurysm repair

The optimal management of patients with combined ischemic and/or valvular heart disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm is still a matter of debate. A 60-year-old woman presented with a large infra-renal aortic aneurysm. Preoperative workup revealed ischemic cardiomyopathy and aortic regurgitation. She was submitted to one-stage aneurysm repair and complex heart surgery. Postoperatively, she developed mediastinal bleeding, transient renal dysfunction, pulmonary edema and superficial wound infection. She was discharged home about a month later without residual problems.     

复合手术治疗老年主动脉弓部疾病

目的探讨“复合”手术治疗老年主动脉弓部病变患者的临床经验及早期随访结果。方法2009年2月至2012年2月,11例主动脉弓部疾病、无法耐受开胸体外循环／深低温停循环下外科手术而接受复合手术的老年患者,其中包括主动脉瘤6例、主动脉溃疡3例和Stanford B型夹层2例。男8例,女3例;平均年龄70岁。患者先行右腋动脉至左颈总动脉和左腋动脉转流手术,然后同期进行主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术覆盖左颈总动脉及左锁骨下动脉。于术后第3、6、12个月及每年进行CT血管造影或MRI复查。结果手术成功率为100％。1例于术后8天死亡、脑卒中发生率为0．0％、截瘫发生率为0．0％,仅有2例术后早期出现少量Ⅰ型内漏。随访时间（15±10）个月,无新的死亡病例发生,无迟发主动脉相关事件,发生Ⅰ型内漏者分别于术后3个月及6个月内漏消失。结论复合手术治疗老年患者主动脉弓部疾病的近期结果满意。     

升-降主动脉旁路术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄

目的：探讨升-降主动脉人工血管旁路术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄的手术效果并总结其临床经验。方法：2015年10月和2018年7月,应用升主动脉-降主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄2例,均为男性;年龄分别未22岁和46岁。两例病人均经桡动脉、足背动脉穿刺测压,根据术前、术后,桡动脉、足背动脉平均压差变化评价手术效果。结果：术后均治愈出院。术前桡动脉足背动脉平均压差48mmHg和55mmHg;术后桡动脉足背动脉平均压差6mmHg和9mmHg,较术前明显缩小。术后主动脉CTA复查示转流人工血管通畅。结论：升-降主动脉人工血管旁路术是治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄的有效手段。     

A novel technique for renal stenting in the setting of type-B aortic dissection

A type-B acute aortic dissection patient required renal artery revascularization for renal artery stenosis resulting from the compression by a false lumen. Renal artery stenting was complicated by unclear opacification of the ostia resulting from the collapsed true lumen of both renal artery and aorta. The use of the "Szabo" technique facilitated this procedure by allowing us to position the stent edge precisely at the ostium. This is the first report of this technique utilized in this lesion subset.     

Endoluminal stenting of the aorta as treatment of aortoesophageal fistula due to primary aortic disease

A 78-year-old woman with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted to the emergency room with hematemesis. With use of esophagoscopy, chest computed tomographic scanning, and aortography, we found a large descending aortic aneurysm and a penetrating ulcer of the proximal descending aorta. We determined that the patient had an aortoesophageal fistula and pseudoaneurysm that had originated from a ruptured penetrating ulcer of the mid-descending aorta. We deployed two 100-mm stent grafts to seal the ruptured thoracic aorta. Six months later, the pseudoaneurysm was almost completely resolved, with no infection or endoleak. We advocate the use of endoluminal aortic stenting for aortoesophageal fistulas of aortic origin, particularly in patients with severe concomitant disease.