南五味子根中木脂素和三萜类化学成分的研究

目的研究南五味子Kadsura longipedunculata根的化学成分。方法采用正相硅胶、C18反相硅胶和葡聚糖凝胶等多种分离方法进行分离纯化,通过NMR、MS等波谱方法鉴定化合物结构。结果从南五味子根具有抗炎活性的部位中分离得到了15个化合物,10个木脂素类化合物和5个三萜类化合物,分别鉴定为(2S,3S)-4,4-二-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2,3-二甲基-1-丁醇(1)、(2S,3S)-4,4-二-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2,3-二甲基-1-丁醇(2)、窄叶南五味子素K(3)、苯甲酰氧代南五味子醇(4)、丙酰氧基氧代南五味子醇(5)、冷饭团素C(6)、异形南五味子素E(7)、台湾五味子木脂素C(8)、异形南五味子素J(9)、菲律宾南五味子素J(10)、合蕊五味子二内酯J(11)、黑老虎内酯C(12)、菲律宾南五味子内酯B(13)、五味子二内酯D(14)、五味子二内酯H(15)。结论化合物1~15均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1、2、11、14为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1和2为新的天然产物。     

Antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats: An approach to evaluate asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis using thermography

Objective: Obesity and hyperlipidemia is the major cause of many pathological diseases with an increase side effects using allopathic drugs. The present study focuses on the effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats and associated complications.Methodology: In vitro radical scavenging activity of I. coccinea was assessed using DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide. In vivo antiobesity and antihyperlipidimic activity of I. coccinea was tested in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats and assessed for its biochemical parameters in blood and tissue samples.The relationship between physiological responses and regulation of body temperature was investigated by using animal surface temperature images captured with infrared camera.Results: The results of mineral analysis, antioxidant, total flavonoid and phenolic content represented high amount of mineral and had the potential to scavenge free radicals tested with DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide radicals with dose dependent activity. The highest activity was observed in aqueous extract, DPPH with 71.5% inhibition, FRAP with 56.8%, H2 O2 with 33% activity at 100 μg/mL concentration.Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats when treated with I. coccinea aqueous extract showed significant activity by regulating the biochemical parameters and maintaining the lipid profile by decreasing TC,LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG and improving HDL-C levels. Similarly, the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid,AST, ALT, ALP due to induction of hyperlipidemia, were brought back to near normal levels after treatment with I. coccinea. The levels of tissue anti-oxidants enzymes like SOD and CAT were also found to be improved in treated I. coccinea groups. The whole body asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis showed that significant decreases in temperature was observed in obesity induced groups but a gradual increase in temperature(2%–5%) was observed after treatment.Conclusion: Thus, the results indicated that I. coccinea can be a drug of choice to decrease the risk of complications associated with hyperlipidemia and obesity.     

多产区川芎内生真菌菌群组成的PCR-DGGE分析

研究采用PCR-DGGE和DNA测序技术,探究了四川5个不同产区间川芎内生真菌群的差异性.结果表明川芎内生真菌群落结构存在不同个体、不同产区间的差异,同产区不同个体川芎内生真菌的相似程度较高,不同产区间的相似程度较低;道地产区都江堰市石羊镇川芎的内生真菌群落结构较其他4个产区丰富,同时与其他产区相似度均很低,存在其他产区未见的特有种.综合分析认为在四川5产区中,都江堰市石羊镇的川芎内生真菌种群最为多样且群落结构相对固定,这可能是川芎道地性形成的重要原因.     

异型南五味子醇提物对四氯化碳致大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨异型南五味子(血筒)醇提物对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,联苯双酯组,血筒醇提物高、中、低剂量组,用药组连续ig给药7d.第6天除正常组皮下注射等量生理盐水外,其他各组均皮下注射CCl4.24 h后,检测血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性,取肝脏计算肝指数,制备肝匀浆测定还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,于光镜下观察肝组织的病理变化.结果:血筒醇提物低、中、高剂量组能不同程度地降低急性肝损伤大鼠肝脏指数及ALT,AST水平,升高肝组织GSH水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),减轻CCl4引起的肝组织损伤程度.结论:血筒醇提物对CCl4致大鼠急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用.     

氮、磷、钾配施对川明参产量和品质的影响

目的研究川明参生产中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)最佳施肥组合及施肥量,为川明参大田栽培合理施肥提供技术支撑和理论依据。方法采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究N、P、K配施对川明参产量和主要有效成分的影响。结果合理的N、P、K配施可显著提高川明参的产量,并有利于总多糖及欧前胡素的积累。其中,以N_2P_1K_2的产量最高,其产量为75.22 kg/hm~2,增产率达60.67%,总多糖质量分数为25.46%,欧前胡素质量分数为0.489 mg/g;N3P2K2的产量最低,其产量为44.82 kg/hm~2,总多糖质量分数为2.40%,欧前胡素质量分数为0.379 mg/g。N、P、K 3种肥料配施对川明参产量影响的大小顺序为NPK,N肥增产效应最明显,P肥次之,K肥最差。结论最佳施肥组合为N_2P_1K_2或N_2P_3K_1,最佳施肥量为N、P_2O_5、K_2O施用量分别为1.08、0.73、0.83 kg/hm~2或1.08、1.10、0.50 kg/hm~2。     

HPLC analysis of 16 compounds from Artemisia ordosica

Objective: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of sixteen compounds from Artemisia ordosica. Methods: HPLC was used to analyze 16 quality indicators of A. ordosica. The HPLC conditions were as follows: Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile (A)-water (B) as mobile phase, gradient elution: 0?10 min, 75%?65% B; 10?30 min, 65%?35 % B; and finally 30?40 min, 35%?15% B. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 40 °C, the injection volume was 10 μL, and monitored by absorbance at 285 nm for compounds 1?10, 12 and 225 nm for compounds 11, 13?16. Results: Under the selected experimental chromatographic conditions, compounds 1?16 showed good linearity (r > 0.9993) in a wide concentration range. Their average recoveries were 99.50%, 95.38%, 97.75%, 96.00%, 98.20%, 97.50%, 95.50%, 99.33%, 96.75%, 96.50%, 98.50%, 97.83%, 99.20%, 95.33%, 97.33% and 96.30%, respectively, and the RSD were 1.99%, 1.81%, 1.63%, 1.98%, 1.67%, 1.92%, 1.74%, 1.67%, 1.90%, 1.72%, 1.88%, 1.83%, 1.79%, 1.76%, 1.81% and 1.96%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the HPLC analysis, it was concluded that p-hydroxycinnamic acid (1), O-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), coniferyl alcohol (5), 5,4''-dihydroxy-7,3''-dimethoxyflavanone (8), 5,4''-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (9), 5-hydroxy-7,4''-dimethoxyflavanone (12), dehydrofalcarindiol (13), arteordoyn A (14), dehydrofalcarinol (15) and capillarin (16) are best suited for the role of quality indicators of A. ordosica grown in different ecological environments.     

基于流式细胞术和K-mer分析的黄芪基因组大小估测

目的使用流式细胞术与K-mer分析估测黄芪基因组的大小及复杂程度,为黄芪基因组测序奠定基础。方法以番茄为内标,用流式细胞仪测定经碘化丙啶(PI)染色的番茄细胞核和黄芪细胞核混合样品的PI荧光强度,通过比较黄芪与番茄细胞DNA含量峰值的倍数关系,计算黄芪的基因组大小。采用高通量测序技术进行黄芪基因组调查测序,利用生物信息学方法估计黄芪杂合率、重复序列和GC含量等信息。结果采用流式细胞术测得黄芪基因组大小约为1 426 Mb。通过基因组调查测序,获得了95 Gb黄芪基因组DNA测序数据,K-mer分析表明黄芪基因组约为1 456 Mb,测序深度为39×。K-mer分布曲线有明显的杂合峰,基因组杂合率为2.1%。结论黄芪基因组大小为1.45 Gb左右,杂合率较高。这一结果可为黄芪基因组学研究提供参考。     

瑶药大红钻化学成分及药理作用研究进展

大红钻Kadsura heteroclita为瑶药"十八钻"之一,为木兰科植物,具有祛风除湿、理气止痛、活血消肿的功效。大红钻中木脂素类、三萜类、倍半萜类化合物含量较高,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌等多种药理作用。对国内外有关大红钻化学成分及药理作用的研究进展进行综述,为进一步研究开发该民族药提供理论依据。     

Effect of different plant growth regulators on callus and adventitious shoots induction, polysaccharides accumulation and antioxidant activity of Rhodiola dumulosa

ObjectiveAs a medicinal plant, the resource of Rhodiola dumulosa is deficient along with the large collection. For the protection and utilization of R. dumulosa, the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus induction and adventitious shoots differentiation, polysaccharide production and the antioxidant activity were tested.MethodsInternodes of R. dumulosa were used as explants and cultured on MS medium plus different plant growth regulators (PGRs). The anti-oxidative activities of polysaccharides were evaluated using radical scavenging assays.ResultsBy response surface plot, 0.85 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.34 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.33 mg/L 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were the optimal factors for callus induction (90.03%) from internodes explants on MS medium. The fresh weight of green callus increased 47.26 fold, when callus was inoculated on MS + thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.5 mg/L + NAA 2.0 mg/L. Adventitious buds regenerated from callus on the media of MS were fortified with BA 1.0 mg/L plus NAA 0.5 mg/L, and the induction rate was 40.00%. MS plus indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 1.0 mg/L produced the highest rooting rate with 10 to 15 roots in a length of 2–3 cm per shoot. The content of total polysaccharides in callus developed on MS + TDZ 0.5 mg/L + NAA 2.0 mg/L and MS + BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L was as high as 1.72%−2.15%. At the dose of 0.5 mg/mL polysaccharides extracted from different callus induced on MS + NAA 2.0 mg/L + TDZ 0.5 mg/L or MS + BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L or MS + BA 0.5 mg/L + 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L, the ABTS radical eliminating percentages were 82.78%, 80.18% and 68.59%, respectively, much higher than that of wild plant.ConclusionA rapid micropropagation system for R. dumulosa has been developed. The combination of TDZ and NAA or BA and NAA can increase the yield of the total polysaccharides. The polysaccharides isolated from callus and whole wild plants had stronger free radicals scavenging activities, indicating that polysaccharides from R. dumulosa are the potential pharmaceutical supplements.     

Analysis of codon usage patterns in Bupleurum falcatum chloroplast genomeOA

Objective: In order to distinguish the traditional Chinese medicine Bupleurum falcatum and its adulterants effectively and develop a better understanding of the factors affecting synonymous codon usage, codon usage patterns of chloroplast genome, we determine the complete chloroplast(cp) genome of B. falcatum and clarify the main factors that influence codon usage patterns of 78 genes in B. falcatum chloroplast genome.Methods: The total genomic DNA of fresh leaves from a single individual of B. ...     

白芷中七个新的3,4-二氢呋喃香豆素衍生物

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Angelica dahurica, a well-known Chinese herbal medicine named Baizhi in Chinese. Methods: Compounds were separated by various chromatographies, and the structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on the analysis of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D, 2D NMR, HRESI MS, IR, and UV). The absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by the calculated electronic circular dichroism and chemical derivatization. The inhibitory activities of all isolates against nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results: Seven new 3,4-dihydro-furanocoumarin derivatives (1a/1b, 2a/2b, 3a/3b, 4) together with a known furanocoumarin (5) were isolated from the roots of A. dahurica. The new compounds included three pairs of enantiomers, (4S, 2′′R)-angelicadin A (1a)/(4R, 2′′S)-angelicadin A (1b), (4S, 2′′S)-angelicadin A (2a)/(4R, 2′′R)-angelicadin A (2b), and (4S, 2′′S)-secoangelicadin A (3a)/(4R, 2′′R)-secoangelicadin A (3b), together with (4R, 2′′R)-secoangelicadin A methyl ester (4). The known xanthotoxol (5) inhibited the NO production with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of (32.8±0.8) μmol/L, but all the new compounds showed no inhibitory activities at the concentration of 100 μmol/L. Conclusion: This is the first report of the discovery of 3,4-dihydro-furanocoumarins from A. dahurica. The results are not only meaningful for the understanding of the chemical constituents of A. dahurica, but also enrich the reservoir of natural products.     

N、P和K肥配施对川白芷产量及欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量的影响

目的研究N、P和K肥的施用量及配比对川白芷产量和欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量的影响。方法采用L9(34)正交组合设计田间试验,测定川白芷产量,HPLC法测定根部欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量。结果不同N、P和K肥施用量及配比会显著影响川白芷的产量以及品质。N、P、K肥配施对川白芷的产量均表现为正效应,但对川白芷欧前胡素与异欧前胡素量的影响差异较大。在低K水平下(K2O 120 kg/hm2),适当增加N、P肥用量可增大欧前胡素的量;在高K水平下(K2O 240 kg/hm2),适中的N、P肥配比有利异欧前胡素的形成;在高N水平下(195 kg/hm2),无论P、K肥用量及配比多少欧前胡素、异欧前胡素量均小于空白(ck)。正交方差分析结果还表明,N、P和K肥对产量影响均达极显著水平,影响顺序为P肥>N肥>K肥;N、P和K肥对欧前胡素量的影响均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),其中P、K肥影响比N肥大;但仅N肥对异欧前胡素量影响到达显著水(P<0.05)。所有处理中,N施用量为150 kg/hm2,P2O5为225 kg/hm2,K2O为120 kg/hm2,N-P2O5-K2O的配比为1.3︰1.9︰1的产量和欧前胡素量最高,与ck之间的差异均达到了显著水平,同时异欧前胡素量也较高。结论在本实验条件下,得到较适宜配施方案,从而使川白芷产量及欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量均提高。     

多叶勾儿茶叶绿体基因组比较分析及系统发育研究

目的 研究勾儿茶属药用植物多叶勾儿茶Berchemia polyphylla及变种光枝勾儿茶B. polyphylla var. leioclada叶绿体基因组成及结构特征,同时为勾儿茶属系统发育及进化研究提供参考。方法 基于Illumina平台对勾儿茶属药用植物多叶勾儿茶及变种光枝勾儿茶进行叶绿体基因组测序,利用生物信息学对其序列进行组装、注释和特征分析,与同科小勾儿茶属、枣属、枳椇属、鼠李属、冀核果属等的叶绿体全基因组进行比较分析,确定其在鼠李科植物中系统发育位置。结果 多叶勾儿茶和光枝勾儿茶叶绿体基因组具有典型环状四分体结构,全长分别为161 185、161 210 bp,注释得到131个基因,其中蛋白质编码基因86个,37个tRNA基因和8个rRNA基因。勾儿茶属与鼠李科其它药用植物比较基因组学分析表明,勾儿茶属叶绿体基因组具有较高的保守性,叶绿体基因组之间没有重排或倒置,IR区序列变异最低,LSC区的变异程度最高,其中ndhA、ycf1、ycf3、rpl16、clpP以及atpF等基因的编码区存在差异,这些位点为勾儿茶分子鉴定提供新位点。系统发育树表明勾儿茶属与鼠李属及翼核果...     

Combination therapy of tripterygium glycosides plus valsartan in diabetic nephropathy treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of Chinese herbal medicines,tripterygium glycosides, plus valsartan for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods: A comprehensive research of 12 electronic databases was performed. Data of the included studies were extracted and analyzed independently by two authors, and were synthesized using Review Manager(version 5.2) and Stata(version 12.0).Results: A total of 12 randomized controlled trials(RCTs) involving 829 patients were included. Pooled results showed that the combination therapy significantly increased total efficacy of DN patients [RR = 1.35,95% CI(1.22, 1.50), P 0.001], the level of serum albumin [Mean difference(MD) = 3.87, 95% CI(3.12,4.62), P 0.001], and significantly decreased 24 h urinary protein level [MD =-0.97, 95% CI(-1.19,-0.76), P 0.001], urinary albumin-excretion rate [MD =-145.53, 95% CI(-227.95,-63.11), P 0.001],and urinary β2-microglobuli level [MD =-11.86, 95% CI(-13.02,-10.69), P 0.001]. No significant differences were found in levels of serum creatinine [MD =-0.26, 95% CI(-7.52, 7.00), P 0.05), blood urea nitrogen [MD = 0.25, 95% CI(-0.23, 0.74), P 0.05], and endogenous creatinine clearance rate[MD =-0.43, 95% CI(-3.48, 2.62), P 0.05]. However, tripterygium glycosides plus valsartan seemed to exert higher adverse reaction rate than valsartan monotherapy [MD = 3.41, 95% CI(1.34, 8.66), P 0.05].There were no publication bias for all of the pooled effect sizes.Conclusion: Combination therapy of tripterygium glycosides plus valsartan may be effective for the treatment of DN. However, the safety of the combination therapy need to be further confirmed.     

三七普通细粉与超微粉中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rb1及人参皂苷Rg1体外溶出行为的比较研究

目的 研究三七普通细粉与超微粉中三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rb₁及人参皂苷Rg₁的溶出行为,探讨粉体粒径对皂苷类成分溶出的影响。方法 采用桨法和HPLC技术同时分析不同粒径三七粉中三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rg₁的体外溶出情况,比较不同粒径粉末的溶出速率。结果 超微粉碎后3种皂苷类成分的溶出速率均显著提高。结论 超微粉碎有助于三七饮片中皂苷类成分的溶出,粉碎粒度对有效成分的溶出有显著的影响。     

刺五加叶绿体基因组密码子的用法分析

目的:分析刺五加叶绿体基因组密码子的使用方式及其影响因素.方法:以刺五加叶绿体基因组的52条编码基因为材料,利用CodonW和SPSS软件进行多元统计分析和对应性分析.结果:刺五加叶绿体基因组密码子3个位置GC的量依次为46.46％,38.26％,29.88％,其中GC1与GC2呈极显著相关关系(P＜0.01),GC12与GC,的相关系数为0.205,未达到显著水平.同义密码子的相对使用频率(relative synonymous codon usage,RSCU)＞1的密码子共30个,其中29个以A或T碱基结尾.对应性分析的结果表明:第1轴显示了10.35％的差异,与有效密码子数(effective number of codons,ENC)和GC3显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.288,0.353;确定了刺五加叶绿体基因组的16个最优密码子.结论:刺五加叶绿体密码子第3位偏好以A或T碱基结尾,密码子使用模式受选择和突变及其他因素共同影响,其中选择的作用略大.     

刺柏属4种药用植物叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性分析

目的 明确刺柏属圆柏Juniperus chinensis、垂枝香柏J.pingii、昆明柏J.gaussenii和铺地柏J.procumbens4种药用植物叶绿体基因组密码子的使用偏好性及影响其密码子偏好性的因素。方法 利用CodonW、CUSP、SPSS等软件对4种刺柏属药用植物叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性进行分析。结果4种刺柏属药用植物叶绿体基因组密码子的GC含量在35.8%～37.3%,有效密码子数（effective number of codon,ENC）值在47.10～47.79,表明其密码子偏好性较弱。中性绘图、ENC-plot、PR2-plot分析表明影响4种刺柏属药用植物叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏性的因素有选择和突变。同时利用相对同义密码子使用度（relative synonymous codon usage,RSCU）值和ENC值筛选出共65个最优密码子,其中有9个密码子为4种刺柏属植物共有的最优密码子。结论 4种刺柏属药用植物密码子偏好使用A/T结尾,其密码子使用偏性主要受到自然选择的影响。通过对4种刺柏属植物叶绿体基因组密码子的使用偏性进行分析及外类群聚类分析验证,揭示影响其密码子使用偏性的主要因素,为后续刺柏属叶绿体基因组外源蛋白表达载体的构建及优化提供理论依据。     

Cytotoxic sesquiterpene aryl esters from Armillaria gallica 012m

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the EtOAc extract of Armillaria gallica 012m. Methods: The chemical constituents of the EtOAc extract of A. gallica 012m were isolated and purified by various column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. Cytotoxicity of all isolates against A549, HCT-116, M231 and W256 human tumor cells was determined by the MTT method. Results: A new sesquiterpene aryl ester, armimelleolide C (1), and eight known ones including armillarivin (2), melleolide F (3), 6''-chloromelleolide F (4), melleolide (5), melleolide K (6), melledonol (7), 13-hydroxydihydromelleolide (8), and armillane (9), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of A. gallica 012m. All isolates showed potential cytotoxic activities against at least one of the human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from (3.17 ± 0.54) to (17.57 ± 0.47) μmol/L. Compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against M231 with an IC50 value of (7.54 ± 0.24) μmol/L compared with paclitaxel as the positive control. Compounds 2, 3, and 7, 9 showed obvious inhibitory activity against HCT-116 and were better than that of the positive control. Conclusion: The chemical constituents including a new sesquiterpene aryl ester armimelleolide C (1) from the EtOAc extract of A. gallica 012m have a variety of structures and potential antitumor activities.     

基于流式细胞术和K-mer分析的苦豆子基因组大小估测

目的 采用流式细胞术与K-mer分析方法对苦豆子基因组大小及杂合率进行估测,为其全基因组测序提供参考。方法 以大豆为内标,通过流式细胞仪检测大豆与苦豆子细胞DNA含量的倍数关系,计算苦豆子的基因组大小。采用二代测序技术进行苦豆子基因组调查测序,使用K-mer分析估测苦豆子基因组大小与杂合率。结果 采用流式细胞术测得苦豆子基因组大小约为1 749 Mb。K-mer分析结果表明,苦豆子基因组大小约为1 648 Mb,基因组杂合率为1.12%,杂合率较高。结论 苦豆子基因组大小约为1.7 Gb,杂合率较高,后续研究可采用三代PacBio进行80~100 X深度的测序开展全基因组测序研究。