山东省精神疾病10年流行学对照调查与防治对策

通过近１０年我省精神疾病的对比调查研究结果,有的放矢提出防治对策。方法仍延用１９８４年引进的国际先进技术,在１９８４年精神疾病流行病学调查研究框架内统一抽样,调查方法和流程与１９８４年相同。结果１９８４年检出精神疾病列,患病率为１１．２４‰,１９９４年检出精神病患者９４９例,患病率为１３．９８％,１９９４年男病人明显增多,女病人相对闰少。结论提示精神疾病患病率有上升趋势,加强防治措施,提高治愈率是     

清华园街道固定居民精神病患病情况调查

为了便于今后开展社区精神疾病防治康复工作 ,清华大学医院于 2 0 0 1年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 6月按北京市统一制订的标准流行病学调查方案 ,对清华园街道固定居民中精神病患病情况进行了调查 ,现将结果报告如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　清华园街道 8个居委会的固定居民。校内集体户口的学生与职工 ,因具有一定的流动性 ,不列入调查范围。1.2　调查工具　《精神疾病流行病学调查手册》[1] 。1.3　诊断标准　《中国精神疾病诊断标准 (CCMD -Ⅱ -R)》[2 ] 。1.4　调查程序　首先由接受过培训的街道干部担任筛查员 ,对辖区居民进行全面的筛查摸…     

中国精神疾病康复现状与整体策略浅见

中国人口众多,若以通常所认为10‰的发病率框计精神疾病情况,那就至少会有上百万的病人。由此,对于现有明显不足的专科医务人员而言,其任务是绝难大包大揽的。正因这种精神专科卫生资源与卫生服务量无法相一致的现实,中国大地     

绍兴市精神疾病的时点抽样调查

精神疾病调查是掌握社区中精神疾病发病率、疾病种类、病种分布、患病率、复发率、肇事率等资料的一个重要途径,也是做好精神疾病管理的一个重要前提。为了对绍兴市区精神疾病防治工作提供科学依据,本院随机抽取本市市区北海街道进行了精神疾病流行病学调查,现将调查结果报导如下。     

精神疾病有流行趋势

日前,在全国大学生心理咨询学术交流会上获悉:我国在校大学生心理健康状况仍不容乐观。一项对1.4万多名大学生的调查显示,17％的学生存有负面心理情绪。 卫生部提供的资料显示,精神障碍在我国疾病总负担的排名中居首位,发病率已由50年代的2.7％上升到90年代的13.47‰,病人总数达1600万。根据预测,进入21世纪,我国各类精神     

淮南谢二矿肺结核患病情况浅析

本文报告淮南谢二矿肺结核患病以青少年较多，学生占２０％，中青年占６０％，在青年工人患病中，井睛工占８５％，同时调查分析了传染源给家族社会造成的危害。     

精神疾病防治初探

在医学领域内,迄今为止,对精神疾病的治疗,绝大多数仍停留在单一的西药治疗、封闭式管理的阶段。这种传统的模式,严重影响着患者病情的恢复和早日回归社会。按照国家九五期间最新提出的对精神病人康复治疗的“社会化、综合性、开放式”的总体要求,我院根据自身的实际情况,做了一些有益的探索,初步形     

四川省峨边县居民高血压患病情况抽样调查

目的通过对四川峨边地区高血压患病率的相关调查,了解该地区人群高血压的发病情况及相关防治知识的知晓程度。方法随机抽取峨边地区3个乡镇30周岁以上居民共计700人,对其进行血压检查并发放调查问卷,调查项目包括一般情况、生活方式及行为习惯、高血压诊断及治疗情况和高血压的认知情况等。通过材料统计分析,了解该地区高血压的患病情况。结果四川峨边地区居民高血压患病率为23.99%,其中男性患病率明显高于女性,且有随着年龄的增大高血压患病率呈逐渐上升的趋势。结论四川峨边地区中老年人高血压的患病率高,控制率低,高血压是危害该地区中老年人健康的主要疾病,因此,建议加强该地区高血压病的管理和健康促进。     

浅谈精神疾病康复的有效护理

精神病患者的防治除了药物治疗以外,还应注重患者在康复期的心理变化,以及其社会功能等方面的训练,实行对症施护,这是减轻病人的心理负担,稳定病情,提高治疗效果的重要环节。因此,科学有效的护理措施,对于精神疾病患者的康复治疗,使他们尽快的回归社会,开始正常的生活具有十分重要的积极意义,本文就如何加强精神疾病康复护理的有效性展开探讨。     

The prevalence of treated and untreated mental disorders in five countries

We analyzed survey data from Canada, Chile, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United States to study the prevalence and treatment of mental and substance abuse disorders. Total past-year prevalence estimates range between 17.0 percent (Chile) and 29.1 percent (U.S.). Many cases are mild. Although disorder severity is strongly related to treatment, one- to two-thirds of serious cases receive no treatment each year. Most treatment goes to minor and mild cases. Undertreatment of serious cases is most pronounced among young poorly educated males. Outreach is needed to reduce barriers to care among serious cases and young people at risk of serious disorders.     

The prevalence of common mental disorders in urban slums with displaced persons in Colombia]

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of common mental disorders in groups with a high percentage of families who have been displaced by armed conflict and political instability and are living in urban slum areas on the outskirts of Sincelejo, a city in the department of Sucre, Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with two-stage random cluster sampling, in slum neighborhoods of Sincelejo that contain a high percentage of displaced persons. A household survey of persons 18 years old or older was used to determine the presence of common mental disorders-psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, and depression-in the population studied. A score of 7 or more on the first 20 questions of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) of the World Health Organization was used to determine the presence of a common mental disorder. We searched for associations among the studied variables (age group, gender, type of health care card, and length of residence in the neighborhood) and among those variables and the score on the SRQ. The chi-square test was used, with statistical significance set at 0.05. Logistic regression was carried out with all the related variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of common mental disorders in the adult population of the neighborhoods studied was 27.2% (95% confidence interval (95% CI)=24.0% to 30.0%); 13.6% (95% CI=11.4% to 16.1%) of the population surveyed had problems with excessive alcohol consumption. There was an association between the prevalence of common mental disorders and the type of health care card used (odds ratio=1.66 for persons using the health care card for displaced persons versus persons using other types of health care cards). In addition, there was an association between the prevalence of common mental disorders and gender (OR=1.78 for women); this association remained after adjusting for other explanatory variables. CONCLUSIONS: Using the study criteria (type of health care card and length of time living in the slum area), it was difficult to separate the displaced persons from other persons living in the same slum areas, and thus to measure the prevalence of common mental disorders among just the displaced persons. The prevalence of common mental disorders in the urban population studied showed a statistical association with the type of health care card, which in turn determined the level of access to public health services. This association between the type of health care card held and the prevalence of common mental disorders is strong enough to justify providing mental health care services to persons who have the health care card for displaced persons.     

2013年黎平县重性精神疾病的流行病学调查分析

摘要:目的　分析2013年黎平县重性精神疾病的流行特征,为预防控制重性精神疾病提供科学依据。方法　由乡、村、社区卫生医疗机构医生进行线索逐一登记上报,县疾病预防控制机构配合州级精神卫生专科医生逐个诊断排查。重性精神病的分类、诊断按照世界卫生组织《精神与行为障碍分类临床描述与诊断要点》（ICD-10）的判断标准执行,患者资料采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果　黎平县现症重性精神疾病患者共计1 002例,患病率为1.90‰。其中:精神分裂症779例、精神发育迟滞（伴发精神障碍）160例、双相（情感）障碍25例、分裂性情感障碍20例、癫痫所致精神障碍15例、偏执性精神病3例,分别占发病总数77.74%、15.95%、2.50%、2.00%、1.50%和0.30%。职业以农民为主,占92.31%。年龄在18～59岁之间,占78.84%,男性多于女性,男女之比为1.8∶1。初中以下文化程度占92.72%,居家治疗或社会治疗占94.91%。结论　精神分裂症、精神发育迟滞是黎平县重性精神疾病的防控重点,需要加大人力、财力投入和开展有效合理治疗及持续的健康心理干预,普及大众心理卫生知识,才能最大限度地减少精神疾病患者的发生。     

Common mental disorders and self-esteem in pregnancy: prevalence and associated factors

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and the association with self-esteem and other factors in pregnant women. A nested cross-sectional study was performed in a cohort of pregnant women treated in the public health system in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to screen for common mental disorders and the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale for self-esteem. The sample consisted of 1,267 pregnant women with a mean age of 25 years (SD = 6.53). Mean self-esteem was 9.3 points (SD = 4.76), and prevalence of common mental disorders was 41.4%. Lower self-esteem was associated with higher odds of common mental disorders (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between higher prevalence of common mental disorders and low self-esteem.     

Increased prevalence of chronic physical health disorders in Australians with diagnosed mental illness

Objective: To compare chronic physical health disorder prevalence amongst Australian adults with and without mental illness. Method: Total n=1,716 participants (58% female) with a mean age of 52 ± 13 years (range: 18 to 89 years) completed an online survey of Australian adults in 2010. Outcome measures including prevalence of chronic physical conditions and self‐reported body mass index (BMI) in n=387 (23%) with a self‐reported mental illness diagnosis were compared to respondents without mental illness. Results: A significantly higher proportion of participants with mental illness were obese (BMI ≥ 30; 31 vs 24%, p=0.005). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for coronary heart disease, diabetes, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, and food allergies or intolerances (OR range: 1.54–3.19) demonstrated that chronic physical disorders were significantly more common in participants with a mental illness. Conclusion: Australian adults with a diagnosis for mental illness have a significantly increased likelihood of demonstrating chronic physical health disorders compared to persons without mental illness. Implications: Health professionals must be alert to the increased likelihood of comorbid chronic physical disorders in persons with a mental illness and should consider the adoption of holistic approaches when treating those with either a mental or physical illness.     

The prevalence of mental disorders among income support recipients: an important issue for welfare reform

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of mental disorders and psychological distress among Australian income support recipients. METHODS: Data from the 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing were used to examine measures of mental health, disability and use of mental health services, comparing working-age people in receipt of government payments to those with other main sources of income. RESULTS: One-quarter of all income support recipients had experienced substantial levels of psychological distress during the previous four weeks and almost one in three had experienced a diagnosable mental disorder during the previous 12 months. Around 45% of unpartnered women with children in receipt of income support payments were identified with a mental disorder. In contrast, around 10% of people not receiving welfare reported substantial psychological distress and 19% had a diagnosable mental disorder. The prevalence of physical and mental disability was also greater among income support recipients. There was no difference in service use between recipients and non-recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Mental illness is a significant issue among income support recipients. The presence of a mental disorder is a substantial barrier to work and other forms of social participation. Mental health is an issue with relevance beyond the health portfolio, with implications for many domains of social policy and service delivery. Understanding and better assisting income support recipients with mental health problems will be important in welfare reform and in the introduction of a more active welfare system.