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1.
D Noble T Richards D Mitchell A C Vaidya 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2005,20(11):2552-2553
2.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points. . . [Full Text of this Article]
Definition and electrocardiographic patterns
Classification
Pathophysiology and mechanisms
Causes and risk factors
Principles of management
Restoration of sinus rhythm
Direct current cardioversionPharmacological restoration of sinus rhythm
Maintenance of sinus rhythm
Rate control of atrial fibrillation
Prevention of thromboembolism
Non-pharmacological management
Management in special situations
Cardiac surgeryAcute myocardial infarctionPregnancyVentricular pre-excitationHyperthyroidismPulmonary disease 相似文献
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiacarrhythmia; its incidence increases with age.
- Diabetes mellitus,hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy are commonly associatedwith non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
- Primary aims of managementof AF are conversion to sinus rhythm, maintenance of sinus rhythmand prevention of thromboembolic complications.
- In elderlypatients who are asymptomatic, adequate rate control of AF appearsto offer the same benefits as rhythm control.
- Chronic AF carriesa high risk of ischaemic stroke from thromboembolism; all patientsat risk must receive adequate anticoagulation.
- Anticoagulationshould be continued in patients with risk factors despite successfulconversion to sinus rhythm.
3.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points. . . [Full Text of this Article]
Massive transfusion
CoagulationBiochemistryHypocalcaemiaHyperkalaemiaAcidbase abnormalitiesHypothermia
Transfusion-related acute lung injury
Clinical features
Pathogenesis
Incidence
Haemolytic transfusion reactions
Immediate reactionsDelayed reactions
Non-haemolytic febrile reactions
Allergic reactions
Transfusion-related infections
BacterialViralPrion
Transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease
Immunomodulation
相似文献
- Complications of blood transfusion are rare but canbe life-threatening.
- Since 2005, it has been a legal requirementthat all serious adverse reactions attributable to the safetyor quality of blood are reported.
- Most reported complicationsare because of transfusion of mismatched blood products andare avoidable through clinical vigilance.
- Massive blood transfusionsresult in abnormalities of coagulation status, serum biochemistry,acidbase balance and temperature homeostasis.
- Transfusion-relatedacute lung injury is the most common cause of major morbidityand death after transfusion.
4.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points Perioperative delirium and longer term cognitivedisturbance are common and disabling consequences of anaesthesiaand surgery in the elderly. Evidence is emerging that the riskof postoperative delirium can be predicted by preoperative screeningof otherwise asymptomatic patients. The risk of prolonged postoperativecognitive dysfunction (POCD) is
Delirium
Dementia
Anaesthetic assessment
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Possible causes of POCDEmboliPerioperative physiological disturbancesPre-existing cognitive impairmentOther factors
Anaesthetic technique and postoperative cognitive impairment
PremedicationConduct of anaesthesia
Future developments
相似文献
5.
Olga Napolova Stacey Urbach Mogamat Razeen Davids Mitchell L Halperin 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2003,18(12):2674-2677
6.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points Massive haemorrhage remains a significant causeof maternal mortality and morbidity. Clear and timely communicationbetween surgical, anaesthetic and haematology services is vitalto ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcome. Signs of hypovolaemiaoccur relatively late because of physiological changes in pregnancy. Theextent of intravascular volume deficit is not reflected by visualestimates of vaginal bleeding. The decision to perform a hysterectomyshould be made when other methods of haemostasis have failedand not delayed until control of maternal haemostasis and cardiovascularstability has been lost. Massive haemorrhage is a major cause of maternal mortality.Life-threatening haemorrhage may occur as frequently as 6.7per 1000 deliveries.1 This equates to 1400 cases yr 1in the UK or 33.5 yr 1 in an obstetric unit with 5000deliveries annually. Pregnancy-related conditions and complicationsaccount for 0.8% of intensive care admissions; 35% of thesearise from massive haemorrhage.1 2 Management of massive . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Definitions
Physiology
Causes of haemorrhage
Antepartum haemorrhagePostpartum haemorrhageCoagulopathies
Management of haemorrhage
GeneralSpecific treatmentsPhysicalPharmacologicalSurgicalRadiologicalBlood and blood productsAnaesthesia for obstetric haemorrhageAutologous transfusion
Protocols and fire drills
Problems in early pregnancy
Web resources
相似文献
7.
Takayasu Ohtake Shuzo Kobayashi Koji Okamoto Machiko Oka Kyoko Maesato Takeo Yasu Hidekazu Moriya 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(7):1992-1993
8.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points Surgery for lower limb revascularization is associatedwith a high risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Preoperativecardiac risk assessment is important and risk-reducing measuresshould be started appropriately. Perioperative ß-blockadedecreases perioperative cardiac complications in the highestrisk patients. The quality of anaesthetic practice rather thanspecific technique per se has the most important influence onpatient outcome. Acute limb ischaemia is an emergency thatprecludes prolonged preoperative cardiac evaluation.
Critical limb ischaemia
Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is defined as chronic ischaemicrest pain, ulcers or gangrene attributable to objectively provenarterial occlusive disease. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)is a marker for severe multi-system atherosclerosis and patientswith critical limb ischaemia presenting for lower limb revascularizationpresent a significant challenge to the anaesthetist. They areusually elderly with a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetesmellitus, cerebrovascular and renal vascular disease, and smoking-relatedrespiratory disease. Only 8% of patients with PVD . . . [Full Text of this Article]Treatment strategies
Preoperative assessment
Preoperative management
Perioperative management
MonitoringGeneral anaesthesiaRegional anaesthesia
Postoperative management
Acute limb ischaemia
相似文献
9.
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic sclerosis/systemic lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Patrick F K Yong Sally M A Hamour Aine Burns 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2003,18(12):2660-2662
10.
Sébastien Abad Sophie Park David Grimaldi Florence Rollot Philippe Blanche 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2005,20(11):2571-2572
11.
Marianna Politou Panagiotis Tsaftarides John Vassiliades Marina P Siakantaris Spyros Michail Lydia Nakopoulou Gerassimos A Pangalis George Vaiopoulos 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2004,19(3):733-735
12.
Rami Khoriaty Zaher K Otrock Walid A Medawar Raja B Khauli Ali Bazarbachi 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(12):3585-3588
13.
Sally M A Hamour Patrick F K Yong Peter Amlot Aine Burns 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2003,18(11):2428-2430
14.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points Victims of trauma often spend a significant periodof time in the pre-hospital phase. There is wide variationin the practice of pre-hospital care internationally. The termparamedic covers a wide range of skills and abilities. Incountries other than the UK, physician-led pre-hospital careis well established. Where pre-hospital anaesthesia is performed,in-hospital standards should apply. When the literature on pre-hospital trauma care is examined,it becomes apparent that a significant period of time is oftenspent between the time of accident and arrival in the emergencydepartment. Although the Golden Hour is an arbitraryconcept, it is often applied to trauma care and emphasizes theimportance of life-saving interventions soon after injury. Inthe UK and elsewhere, the majority of the first hour has passedbefore the hospital-based physician has contact with the patient.Time at the scene can be much longer if the patient is . . . [Full Text of this Article]
UK pre-hospital care
Ambulance ServicesDoctors in UK pre-hospital careMobile medical teams
Transfer medicine
Aeromedical services in the UKMainland European and US models of service
Evidence-base
Doctors at major incidents
Pre-hospital airway management
Conclusion
相似文献
15.
Aisling E Courtney Peter J Ingram Ciaran C Doherty 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(3):796-798
16.
Martine C M Willems L W Ernest van Heurn Geert W Schurink Frank M van der Sande Jan H M Tordoir 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(12):3583-3584
17.
Graham E J Rodwell Megan L Troxell Richard A Lafayette 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2005,20(5):988-990
18.
Harry Sokol Cécile Vigneau Eric Maury Bertrand Guidet Georges Offenstadt 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2004,19(7):1921-1922
19.
Hayet Kaaroud Soumaya Beji Amel Jebali Karima Boubaker Sami Turki Ezzeddine Abderrahim Ta?eb Ben Abdallah Fatma Ben Moussa Khaled Ayed Hédi Ben Maiz 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2004,19(8):2140-2141
20.
Yasmin Reyal Charlotte Robinson Alan Salama Jeremy B Levy 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2004,19(7):1923-1924