白藜芦醇心血管保护作用机制及临床研究进展

白藜芦醇,作为一种广泛存在于自然界的多酚类植物抗毒素,因其具有广泛的生物学活性,已成为多领域研究的热点。目前,已有许多实验室研究和部分临床研究表明,白藜芦醇具有心血管保护的作用,本文主要就白藜芦醇对心血管保护作用的机制及临床研究进展作一综述。     

白藜芦醇抗肺部疾病作用的研究进展

白藜芦醇,属于多酚类化合物,已发现它具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫调节、心血管保护等广泛的药理作用。越来越多的资料表明白藜芦醇还有防治肺部疾病的作用。就近年来白藜芦醇对肺部疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管哮喘、急性肺损伤、肺癌、肺动脉高压等的防治作用及可能机制的研究进展进行归纳、介绍和探讨,深入研究这些机制将为许多肺部疾病开辟新的治疗途径,为白藜芦醇的开发利用提供理论依据。     

白藜芦醇心血管保护作用机制的研究进展

白藜芦醇(resveratrol)是一种非黄酮类多酚化合物,化学名为3,5,4'三羟基-反-二苯代乙烯(3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene).天然的白藜芦醇存在于葡萄皮、花生及中药虎杖等72种植物中,是一种植物抗毒素,在恶劣环境或是在植物受到霉菌感染时产生[1].白藜芦醇以反式和顺式两种同分异构体的形式存在,反式异构体可在紫外光照射下转化为顺式异构体.1992年Seimann和Creasy报道在红葡萄酒中发现了反式白藜芦醇的存在[2],而且在葡萄酒中反式异构体的浓度显著高于顺式异构体.由于红葡萄酒的显著降低心脑血管病发生率的作用,使人们对红葡萄酒中的多酚类物质进行了广泛而深入的研究.目前越来越多的学者认为,白藜芦醇是红葡萄酒中发挥心血管保护作用的主要功能因子.研究证实,白藜芦醇特别是反式白藜芦醇,能够比红葡萄酒中的其他多酚类物质具有更强的心血管保护作用[4,18].     

白藜芦醇在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的抗氧化作用

白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RES),化学名称3,4’,5-三羟基二苯乙烯,属于非黄酮类多酚化合物,是植物遇到真菌感染、紫外线照射等不利条件时产生的植物抗毒素。研究发现白藜芦醇具有广泛的生理、药理活性,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、心血管保护及延长寿命等。近年来白藜芦醇对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的防治作用成为研究的热点。氧化/抗氧化失衡,是COPD的重要发病机     

白藜芦醇在动脉粥样硬化中的抗炎作用机制探讨

白藜芦醇作为一种来自葡萄和其他植物的天然多酚化合物。广泛的药理活性,抗氧化,清除自由基,保护血管内皮细胞,抑制炎症细胞活化和炎症介质的释放以及阻止巨噬细胞和平滑肌的增殖,从而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用。并具有抑制细胞周期、促进凋亡的抗肿瘤和类雌激素等作用。本文结合近年来白藜芦醇在抗炎作用方面的研究,探讨其在动脉粥样硬化过程中的抗炎作用机制。     

白藜芦醇对外周血内皮祖细胞功能的影响

目的观察不同浓度白藜芦醇对于内皮祖细胞体外功能的影响。方法密度梯度离心法获得人外周血单个核细胞,培养7 d后,采用免疫荧光和流式细胞仪进行细胞鉴定;随后加入不同浓度的白藜芦醇[0（对照）、1、5、15、60μmol/L]干预72 h,观察其对内皮祖细胞增殖、迁移和黏附能力的影响;同时采用RT-PCR和ELISA方法测定药物干预后,内皮祖细胞中内皮型一氧化氮合成酶（endothelial n itric oxide synthase,eNOS）的表达。结果与对照组相比,1μmol/L白藜芦醇促进内皮祖细胞增殖、迁移和黏附,同时上调eNOS的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达;而60μmol/L白藜芦醇抑制内皮祖细胞增殖、迁移和黏附,并且下调eNOS的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结论低浓度白藜芦醇可改善内皮祖细胞增殖、迁移和黏附功能,并上调eNOS表达,而高浓度白藜芦醇则抑制上述细胞功能和eNOS表达。     

白藜芦醇的抗衰老作用

目的探讨白藜芦醇对D-半乳糖所致衰老大鼠抗氧化抗衰老作州。方法用D-半乳糖皮下注射制备亚急性衰老大鼠模型,然后给予不同剂量白藜芦醇(30、60 mg/kg)连续灌胃,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)和脑脂褐质含量。结果白藜芦醇能显著提高衰老模型大鼠血清SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA、NO和脑脂褐质含量。结论白藜芦醇可通过消除氧自由基及抗脂质过氧化而发挥抗衰老作削。     

白藜芦醇对原代大鼠胰岛葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌的影响

分离SD大鼠胰岛接种于24孔板中,用不同浓度的葡萄糖和白藜芦醇分别培养1 h或24 h,结果表明白藜芦醇孵育大鼠胰岛1 h可呈剂苗依赖地抑制大鼠高糖刺激的胰岛素分泌,1、10和100 μmol/L白藜芦醇可以分别使胰岛素的分泌降低10%、35%(P<0.05)和80%(P<0.01).显微离子成像技术爪10μmol/L的白藜芦醇可以使高糖引起的β细胞内Ca2+浓度的升高减少60%(P<0.05).白藜芦醇可使软脂酸孵育24 h大鼠胰岛的胰岛素分泌恢复到对照组的75%(P<0.01),提示白藜芦醇短期可通过调控细胞内的Ca+浓度,而抑制原代胰岛高精刺激的胰岛素分泌,长期可改善软脂酸引起的β细胞损伤.     

白藜芦醇对胶原诱导大鼠关节炎的抗炎作用研究

目的 观察白藜芦醇对胶原诱导大鼠关节炎(CIA)的抗炎作用.方法 选择牛Ⅱ型胶原(CⅡ)为免疫原,建立CIA模型.选取42只造模成功的大鼠随机分为7组:模型组;来氟米特(LEF)对照组;白芍总苷(TGP)对照组;甲氨蝶呤(MTX)对照组;白藜芦醇(Res)小剂量组;白藜芦醇中剂量组;白藜芦醇高剂量组.采用关节炎指数评分(AI)法对大鼠关节炎症程度进行评分;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定各组大鼠血清中抗CⅡ抗体水平.结果 AI评分:低剂量白藜芦醇组与模型组比较差异无统计学意义(12.3±0.5与12.8±0.4);高剂量白藜芦醇组低于中、低剂量组(6.0±0.6与8.2±1.0,12.3±0.5,P＜0.01).高剂量白藜芦醇组低于白芍总苷组(6.0±0.6与8.8±0.8,P＜0.01);LEF组低于TGP组、MTX组、3组白藜芦醇组(4.7±0.5与8.9±0.8,6.4+0.5,P＜0.01);血清抗CⅡ抗体水平:模型组明显高于LEF组、MTX组、TGP组及高、中剂量白藜芦醇组(0.928±0.021与0.391±0.016,0.503±0.010,0.525±0.015,0.507±0.01,0.570±0.021,P＜0.01),而与低剂量白藜芦醇组之间差异无统计学意义(0.928±0.021与0.908±0.026);高剂量白藜芦醇组低于白芍总苷组及低剂量白藜芦醇组(0.507±0.01与0.525±0.015,0.908±0.026,P＜0.01);LEF组低于高、中剂量白藜芦醇组(0.391±0.026与0.507±0.010,0.570±0.021,P＜0.01).结论 ①高、中剂量白藜芦醇能够缓解CIA的炎症症状,而低剂量白藜芦醇则无此作用.②中等剂量白藜芦醇对CIA大鼠的短期疗效与TGP相当,高剂量白藜芦醇的疗效强于TGP,但弱于LEF.③白藜芦醇能够抑制血清抗CⅡ抗体的生成.     

白藜芦醇抗结肠癌作用的研究进展

白藜芦醇是一种重要的植物抗毒素，以游离态（顺式-、反式-）和糖苷结合态（顺式-、反式-）两种形式存在，广泛存在于葡萄、花生、桑葚中，其中尤以葡萄中含量高，特别是葡萄果皮和红葡萄酒中含量最多。已确认其为防治细胞癌变和恶性肿瘤扩散以及心血管疾病的有效成分之一。流行病学研究发现红酒的饮用量和心血管疾病发生率之间呈现负相关，即所谓的“法兰西怪事”。白藜芦醇对肿瘤发生的三个阶段：始发、促进和发展均具有抑制作用。本文主要埘白藜芦醇的抗结肠癌作用作一综述。     

Resveratrol ameliorates experimental autoimmune myocarditis.

BACKGROUND: Myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis of rats is a model of human dilated cardiomyopathy. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in grapes and wine that is reported to have cardioprotective and immunomodulatory effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: To examine the effect of resveratrol on myocarditis, vehicle or resveratrol (50 mg/kg per day) was administered to cardiac myosin immunized rats 1 day before the immunization. At 14 days after immunization, resveratrol had preserved cardiac function of myosin-immunized rats according to echocardiographic analysis. The heart weight/tibial length ratio of vehicle-treated myosin-immunized rats was increased by 1.8-fold compared with unimmunized rats, and resveratrol attenuated the heart weight increase. Resveratrol significantly decreased cellular infiltration, fibrosis, and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the myocardium. Expressions of antioxidant genes were increased in myosin-immunized hearts, and resveratrol decreased those expressions. Resveratrol also attenuated myocarditis 21 days after immunization. SIRT1, a potential effector of resveratrol, was increased in the myocardium of myosin-immunized rats compared with unimmunized rats. The SIRT1 protein was localized mainly in infiltrating mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS: Resveratrol significantly ameliorated myocardial injury and preserved cardiac function in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis. Resveratrol may be a therapeutic modality for myocarditis.     

Resveratrol improves insulin resistance hyperglycemia and hepatosteatosis but not hypertriglyceridemia, inflammation, and life span in a mouse model for Werner syndrome

Werner syndrome is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-like DNA helicase. Mice lacking the helicase domain of the WRN homologue exhibit many features of Werner syndrome, including a pro-oxidant status and a shorter mean life span. Here, we show that resveratrol supplementation improved the hyperglycemia and the insulin resistance phenotype in these Wrn mutant mice. In addition, resveratrol reversed liver steatosis, lipid peroxidaton, and the defenestration phenotypes observed in such mice. Resveratrol, however, did not improve the hypertriglyceridemia, inflammatory stress, nor extend the mean life span of these mutant mice. Microarray and biologic pathway enrichment analyses on liver tissues revealed that resveratrol mainly decreased lipidogenesis and increased genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway and the glutathione metabolism in Wrn mutant mice. Finally, resveratrol-treated mutant mice exhibited an increase in the frequency of lymphoma and of several solid tumors. These results indicate that resveratrol supplementation might exert at least metabolic benefits for Werner syndrome patients.     

Potential pro-inflammatory action of resveratrol in vascular smooth muscle cells from normal and diabetic rats

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Based on the reported cardioprotective effects of resveratrol, a polyphenolic antioxidant abundant in grapes that binds to estrogen receptors, and the well-characterized anti-inflammatory properties of 17beta-estradiol, the effects of resveratrol on the functional expression of inflammatory enzymes were assessed in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) from normoglycaemic and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: SMC were isolated from the aorta four weeks after treating rats with streptozotocin or its vehicle. In SMC exposed to a cytokine mixture for 24h, unexpectedly, treatment with resveratrol (0.1-100microM) as well as the structurally related isoflavone genistein (1nM-1microM) enhanced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Genistein failed to mimic the elevated iNOS activity induced by resveratrol. Inhibition of estrogen receptors by the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 reversed the action of resveratrol on iNOS. In addition, resveratrol failed to alter cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels but reduced the accumulation of prostaglandin E(2) in the culture medium of SMC from normoglycaemic, but not diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that resveratrol, at concentrations approaching putative peak plasma levels in vivo, exhibited no anti-inflammatory properties in vascular SMC from normal and diabetic rats. By contrast, resveratrol displayed a potential pro-inflammatory activity in settings of vascular inflammation.     

Erratum to: Resveratrol and red wine,healthy heart and longevity

Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, present in red wine and grapes possesses diverse biochemical and physiological properties, including estrogenic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as a wide range of health benefits ranging from chemoprevention to cardioprotection. Recently, several studies described resveratrol as an anti-aging compound. This review focuses on the anti-aging aspects of resveratrol, the possible mechanisms of action, and emerging controversy on its life-prolonging ability. It appears that resveratrol can induce the expression of several longevity genes including Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt4, FoxO1, Foxo3a and PBEF and prevent aging-related decline in cardiovascular function including cholesterol level and inflammatory response, but it is unable to affect actual survival or life span of mice.     

Resveratrol and red wine,healthy heart and longevity

Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, present in red wine and grapes possesses diverse biochemical and physiological properties, including estrogenic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as a wide range of health benefits ranging from chemoprevention to cardioprotection. Recently, several studies described resveratrol as an anti-aging compound. This review focuses on the anti-aging aspects of resveratrol, the possible mechanisms of action, and emerging controversy on its life-prolonging ability. It appears that resveratrol can induce the expression of several longevity genes including Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt4, FoxO1, Foxo3a and PBEF and prevent aging-related decline in cardiovascular function including cholesterol level and inflammatory response, but it is unable to affect actual survival or life span of mice.     

Resveratrol and liver disease: from bench to bedside and community

Liver diseases incorporate several maladies, which can range from benign histological changes to serious life‐threatening conditions. These may include inborn metabolic disease, primary and metastatic cancers, alcoholic cirrhosis, viral hepatitis and drug‐induced hepatotoxicity. Liver disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality with significant economic and social costs. Several novel approaches are currently being studied which may provide a better therapeutic outcome. The use of naturally occurring phytochemicals, some of them obtained from dietary sources, in the amelioration of illness have recently gained considerable popularity. These agents, having anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, provide a safe and effective means of ameliorating chronic disease. Resveratrol, a grape polyphenol, has shown considerable promise as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of the aforementioned liver ailments. Several studies have highlighted the hepatoprotective properties of resveratrol. Resveratrol has been shown to prevent hepatic damage because of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, induce anti‐oxidant enzymes and elevate glutathione content. Resveratrol has also been shown to modulate varied signal transduction pathways implicated in liver diseases. This review critically examines the current preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies on the preventive and therapeutic effects of resveratrol in liver diseases. The review highlights the pharmacological mechanisms involved in mediating the aforementioned effects. Toxicity, pharmacokinetics and clinical bioavailability of resveratrol are also reviewed in this article. The challenges involved, future directions and novel approaches such as site‐specific drug delivery in the use of resveratrol for the prevention and treatment of liver disease are also discussed.     

高原地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并慢性肺心病抗氧化治疗的研究

目的探讨高原慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）合并慢性肺心病（CCP）患者抗氧化治疗措施。方法将126例高原（海拔2260～3500m）AECOPD合并CCP患者随机分为红景天治疗组（A组）、氨溴索治疗组（B组）和对照组（C组）,每组42例。3组患者均给予抗感染、祛痰、平喘、吸氧等常规治疗。在常规治疗基础上,A组给予口服藏药红景天胶囊,每次2．0g,3次／d,共28d;B组给予盐酸氨溴索30mg静脉滴注,2次／d,共28d。C组仅给予常规治疗。3组均在治疗前和治疗28d后,分别测血清8-异前列腺素F2α（8-iso—PGF2α）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）、1s用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（FEV1％pred）、FEV．与用力肺活量比值（FEV1／FVC）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）。结果治疗前,3组间血清8-iso—PGF2α、SOD、GSH、MDA、T—AOC水平、FEV1％pred、FEV1／FVC、PaO2、PaCO2差异无显著性（均P〉0．05）。治疗后,3组血清8-iso PGF2α、MDA水平、PaCO2较治疗前显著降低（均P〈0．01）,SOD、GSH、T—AOC水平、FEV1％pred、FEV1／FVC、PaO2较治疗前显著升高（均P〈0．01）;A组和B组各项指标与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义,且A组各项指标均较B组为优（8-iSO—PGF2α：6．21±1．42比8．62±1．45,SOD：89．56±7．61比79．33±7．25,GSH：42．76±4．52比35．26±4．22,MDA：5．26±1．52比7．33±1．68,T—AOC：24．60±3．46比21．67±2．78,FEV1％pred：44．33±6．05比39．84±5．88,FEV1／FVC：47．85±5．36比43．78±5．04,PaO2：53．81±5．60比48．58±5．47,PaCO2：42．82±5．18比47．67±5．54,均P〈0．01）。126例患者治疗前,血清8-iso—PGF2α、MDA与FEV1％pred、FEV1／FVC、PaO：呈显著负相关（分别r=-0．754、-0．788、-0．812和-0．777、-0．654、-0．752,均P〈0．01）,与PaCO,呈显著正相关（分别r=0．726、0．685,均P〈0．01）,SOD、GSH、T—AOC与FEV1％pred、FEVI／FVC、PaO2呈显著正相关（分别r=0．685、0．716、0．733,0．805、0．746、0．657和0．635、0．702、0．733,均P〈0．01）,与PaCO2呈显著负相关（r=-0．716、-803、-0．752,均P〈0．01）。结论氧化／抗氧化比例失衡参与了高原AECOPD合并CCP的发病;红景天和氨溴索在高原AECOPD合并CCP患者的治疗中具有较好的抗氧化作用,红景天的效果优于氨溴索。