杂交(hybrid)手术治疗冠心病多支病变合并房间隔缺损

目的探讨杂交(hybrid)手术治疗冠状动脉病变合并房间隔缺损的可行性.方法2005年6月～9月,我院采用胸骨正中切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术同期房间隔缺损封堵术治疗冠状动脉病变合并房间隔缺损4例,其中冠状动脉硬化性心脏病(冠心病)3例,右冠状动脉起自肺动脉1例.结果4例手术均成功,手术时间40～80 min,术后24 h胸腔引流量150～300 ml.术中、术后均无并发症.术毕经超声即时测量冠状动脉旁路流量15～40 ml/min,搏动指数1.5～3.0.住院时间8～12 d,平均10 d.4例术后随访2～5个月,超声心动图示未见残余分流.结论杂交(hybrid)手术治疗冠状动脉病变合并房间隔缺损安全可行.     

双孔二尖瓣合并心内畸形的外科治疗

双孔二尖瓣合并心内畸形的外科治疗石凤梧陈子英谢英奎刘绍贤刘苏陈立华张文立张天舒自１９８９年１０月～１９９６年３月手术治疗罕见双孔二尖瓣畸形合并其它心脏畸形６例。其中合并部分性房室管畸形３例，原发孔房间隔缺损１例，室间隔缺损１例，二尖瓣狭窄、关闭不全１...     

升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形的临床分析

目的探讨经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形的技术要点。方法 2010年4月至2015年1月2例成人主动脉缩窄和1例成人主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形患者行手术治疗,其中男2例,女1例;年龄35.6(27~46)岁。患者的疾病包括先天性主动脉弓缩窄、二尖瓣前叶脱垂伴中度关闭不全1例,先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形伴主动脉瓣重度关闭不全、升主动脉瘤及主动脉弓缩窄1例,先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形伴主动脉瓣轻度狭窄、房间隔缺损(继发孔)及主动脉弓中断(A型)1例。患者均在升主动脉及股动脉,上下腔静脉插管建立体外循环,经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术及合并心脏畸形矫治手术。结果本组无围术期死亡病例,术后患者症状明显好转,出院随访2~59个月,除1例患者仍有上肢高血压需服用药物控制外,其他患者血压恢复到正常水平,术后下肢乏力症状消失。主动脉CTA检查示人工血管通畅,无人工血管扭曲压缩及假性动脉瘤形成等并发症。结论经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断,同时行合并心脏畸形矫治的一期手术,患者手术安全及疗效确切,临床可选择性应用。     

右腋下直切口手术治疗先天性心脏病

目的 通过右腋下直切口治疗先天性心脏病可以达到创伤小、疼痛轻、美观的目的。方法 本组４０例患者中,进行单纯型继发孔房间隔缺损修复１８例,房间隔缺损并二尖瓣关闭不全修复３例,室间隔缺损修复１５例,法洛四联症心内台术２例,心内型完全性肺静脉异位引流和部分房室管畸形修复各１例,结果 全组无手术死亡。体外循环时间１８～６６分３０秒,主动脉阻断时间３～５２分,术后６～１２天出院。结论 微创伤切口先天性心脏病     

右外侧小切口部胸小儿先天性心脏畸形矫治术319体会

目的 介绍经右外侧小切口剖胸体外循环小儿心脏直视手术的经验。方法 １９９４年１０月至１９９７年４月,共完成经右外侧第４或第３肋间进胸,体外循环下先天性心脏畸形矫治术３１９例。患儿年龄３．４４±１．５９岁（５个月￣８岁）,体重１３．６６±３．９８（６￣２６）ｋｇ。修补房间隔缺损８７例（合并左上腔静脉１例,肺动脉瓣狭窄６例,部分肺静脉畸形引流５例）,空间隔缺损２００例（合并动脉导管未闭７例,二尖瓣关闭     

二尖瓣成形术治疗132例中、重度二尖瓣关闭不全患儿的中期疗效

目的 探讨儿童中重度二尖瓣关闭不全成形术的手术方法及治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析132例中重度二尖瓣关闭不全患儿资料,年龄2个月～6岁,平均(18.9±7.2)个月;体质量4～21kg,平均(11.3±4.8)kg.先天性心脏病126例,感染性心内膜炎5例,马方综合征1例.全组患儿均在全麻中低温体外循环下,采用瓣环环缩术、人工瓣环成形术、瓣叶裂缺修补术、后瓣矩形或三角形切除成形术、腱索折叠等个体化的二尖瓣综合成形技术,同期矫治合并的心脏畸形,术中经食管超声(TEE)检查评价成形效果.结果 全组患儿术中TEE示131例无反流或轻度反流;1例中度反流再次行体外循环下二尖瓣成形.术中平均体外循环(80.0±31.1) min,平均主动脉阻断(48.0±17.9) min.早期死亡3例,病死率2.3％,其中2例为完全型房室间隔缺损患儿,分别于术后第7天死于心力衰竭,术后第2天死于低心排血量综合征;1例为大型室间隔缺损合并重度肺动脉高压患儿,术后1个月死于肺部感染.129例成功治愈出院,术后呼吸机辅助(34.4±31.9)h,术后住院(9.0±5.4)天.完整随访122例,时间2～74个月,平均(40.5±8.3)个月.随访期间无死亡.复查超声心动图提示中度反流7例,重度反流3例,4例患儿再次行二尖瓣成形或二尖瓣置换术.本组患儿5年生存率97.7％,免除再手术率92.0％.结论 儿童中重度二尖瓣关闭不全应早期行手术治疗,合并其他心脏畸形需同期矫治,手术治疗的早、中期效果满意.术中根据二尖瓣的具体病变情况,采取个体化的综合成形方法是成功治疗儿童中重度二尖瓣关闭不全的关键.     

杂交(hybrid)手术在复杂性先天性心脏病治疗中的初步应用

目的探讨结合介入器械和实时影像学的术中"杂交"(hybrid)手术对复杂性先天性心脏病的治疗价值.方法2005年3月～10月,我院行hybrid手术治疗7例复杂性先天性心脏病.球囊扩张组3例均为室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁(PAIVS)的新生儿.缺损封堵组4例,其中1例右冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉合并房间隔缺损,1例右侧肺静脉异位引流合并房间隔缺损(ASD),2例多发室间隔缺损(VSD).正中进胸,在超声引导下经右室流出道置入球囊扩张管扩张肺动脉瓣或经右心房植入封堵器.多发室间隔缺损于体外循环下经三尖瓣植入封堵器.合并的其他心脏病变同期常规外科矫正.术后心脏超声随访.结果7例均顺利出院,无一例手术死亡.3例PAIVS术后中位住院时间10 d,余4例均在术后7 d出院.随访1～6个月,7例生长发育良好,人工体肺分流管通畅,未发现中度以上的肺动脉瓣再狭窄,ASD和多发VSD术后均未发现明显残余分流及封堵器移位,均无影响瓣膜功能等并发症发生.结论hybrid手术可以不采用体外循环,减少手术创伤,对于提高复杂性先天性心脏病的疗效具有重要的意义.     

右腋下小切口心脏直视手术3012例的临床应用

目的总结右腋下小切口在心脏直视手术中应用的临床经验。方法 2001年11月至2008年7月我们采用右腋下小切口施行心脏直视手术3012例,男1834例,女1178例;年龄8个月～78岁,平均年龄12.4岁。行室间隔缺损修补术1999例(干下型109例),房间隔缺损修补术677例(同期行三尖瓣或二尖瓣成形术107例、行部分型肺静脉畸形引流29例),法洛三联症矫治术43例,法洛四联症矫治术35例,右室双腔心矫治术33例,房室管畸形矫治、肺动脉瓣狭窄交界切开、右心室流出道狭窄疏通、三尖瓣下移畸形行11/2心室矫治或三尖瓣置换术等共123例,二尖瓣成形术28例,二尖瓣置换术74例。结果全组均顺利完成手术,早期死亡5例(0.17%),死亡原因分别为灌注肺、鱼精蛋白严重过敏、术中损伤左冠状动脉、低心排血量及脑血栓昏迷。二次开胸止血8例(0.26%),切口感染6例(0.20%),肺不张、灌注肺、低心排血量、感染性心内膜炎、急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)等并发症24例(0.79%);ARF患者均经连续床旁血液滤过治疗痊愈,其余患者经对症支持治疗痊愈。通过门诊复查、电话等形式随访1～82个月,共随访2765例,失访247例;3例室间隔缺损出现小型残余漏,2例二尖瓣成形术后出现轻-中度二尖瓣关闭不全,1例Ebstein畸形行三尖瓣成形术后出现轻-中度三尖瓣关闭不全,其他患者无异常。结论右腋下小切口应用于心脏直视手术,有创伤小、失血少、切口美观等优点,但应严格掌握手术适应证。     

常规与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠状动脉多支病变的对比分析

目的　评价非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)相比是否具有优越性。　方法　将 170例 2支以上血管病变行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (不包括瓣膜手术或室壁瘤切除等合并手术的病例 )患者分为 OPCAB组和 CCABG组 ,OPCAB组通过胸骨正中切口 ,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术 ;CCABG组建立常规体外循环 ,心脏停搏下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术。对两组病例的术前和术后各项指标进行对比分析。　结果　两组患者术前的一般情况无差异 ,OPCAB组与 CCABG组间曾行溶栓或经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗和 3支病变的比例分别为 31.8%比 18.3%和 5 9%比 78% ,移植旁路血管分别为3.6± 0 .8支比 4.3± 1.0支 (P<0 .0 1) ,但所用的血管材料两组间无差异。OPCAB组术后呼吸机辅助时间和外科住院时间较短 ,住院费用较低 (P<0 .0 5 )。但术后并发症如二次开胸止血、伤口感染、心律失常、围术期心肌梗死、肺部并发症等的发生率 OPCAB组为 9.8% ,CCABG组为 14.6 % ;OPCAB组无手术死亡 ,CCABG组死亡 1例 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　 OPCAB治疗冠心病多支病变的初期结果显示可以减少患者术后辅助呼吸时间和外科住院时间 ,降低住院费用。但目前尚不能替代 CCABG,其近、远期效果仍     

冠状动脉心肌桥外科治疗的临床分析

目的探讨冠状动脉心肌桥(myocardial bridge,MB)的诊断、手术适应证、手术方式及手术效果。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2014年12月我院13例冠状动脉心肌桥患者行外科手术治疗的临床资料,其中男9例、女4例,年龄42~68岁。单纯MB 8例,合并冠心病2例,合并瓣膜病2例,合并先天性房间隔缺损1例,单纯8例MB均在非体外循环下行心肌桥松解术,2例合并冠心病患者在非体外循环下行心肌桥松解+冠状动脉旁路移植术,其余3例均在体外循环心脏停跳下行心肌桥松解+心内畸形矫治术。结果 13例外科手术均获成功,无并发症发生,患者心绞痛症状缓解,心电图提示心肌缺血明显改善,超声心动图检查提示心功能较术前明显提高,术后随访3~48个月,1例单纯MB患者行松解术后仍有心绞痛,应用药物控制,其余术后无不适症状,冠状动脉CT显示无心肌桥。结论对冠状动脉心肌桥行外科手术治疗,能取得较满意的近、中期效果。     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in adults with congenital heart disease

Abstract Background: Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) have unique clinical manifestation due to the coexistence of intracardiac anomalies and CAD. Case reports are rare in surgical management of CHD combined with CAD. Our goal is to study the outcome of surgical intervention of CHD and CAD concomitantly. Methods: From February 2002 to August 2009, 29 adult patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and surgical correction of CHD concomitantly. Congenital cardiac anomalies include atrial septal defect (ASD) in 21 cases, ventricular septal defect in four cases, atrioventricular septal defect in three cases, and cor triatriatum in one case. Coronary angiography demonstrated: one‐vessel disease in 10 cases, two‐vessel disease in 11 cases, and three‐vessel disease in eight cases. Coronary revascularization and intracardiac anomalies were corrected with cardiopulmonary bypass in 23 cases. There were six patients who had off‐pump coronary artery pass grafting (OPCAB) and intraoperative device closure of ASD. Results: One patient died of pulmonary infection and multiorgan failure. Follow‐up time was from 2 to 89 months (mean, 42 ± 25 months). One patient with recurrent angina did not need intervention of the revascularization. Six patients who acquired OPCAB and intraoperative device closure of ASD had no complications after surgery. Conclusions: Surgery for adult patients who had CHD with CAD was a safe and effective management. OPCAB with intraoperative device closure of ASD was a reasonable approach for some selective patients. (J Card Surg 2010;25:629‐632)     

"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术在先天性心脏病合并重度三尖瓣关闭不全中的应用

目的 总结运用"缘对缘"成形技术治疗先天性心脏病病人的重度三尖瓣关闭不全的效果.方法 2001年4月至2010年3月,对14例先大性心脏病合并重度三尖瓣关闭不全病人采用常规三尖瓣瓣环成形和"缘对缘"技术行三尖瓣成形.年龄7～62岁,平均(31.2±16.1)岁.先大性心脏畸形包括继发孔房间隔缺损6例,房室管畸形5例,继发孔房间隔缺损合并二尖瓣关闭不全2例,三房心1例.结果 14例出院时均无不适,无住院死亡及术后并发症.术后超声心动图检查示三尖瓣关闭不全无或微量11例,轻度3例.随访3～97个月,平均(51.6±26.8)个月.随访时超声心动图检查示均无三尖瓣狭窄,三尖瓣关闭不全无或微量5例,轻度8例,中度1例.结论 "缘对缘"成形技术纠治先天性心脏病合并重度三尖瓣关闭不全简单、有效.     

Utilization of the Edge-to-Edge Valve Plasty Technique to Correct Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract   Objective: Tricuspid regurgitation is often associated in patients with congenital heart disease. Significant morbidity and mortality are related to tricuspid valve replacement. Tricuspid valve plasty is still a preferred choice. This report deals with our surgical experience in using the edge-to-edge valve plasty technique to correct severe tricuspid regurgitation in patients with congenital heart disease. Methods: From December 2002 to August 2007, severe tricuspid regurgitation was corrected with a flexible band annuloplasty and edge-to-edge valve plasty technique in nine patients with congenital heart disease. The age ranged from 7 to 62 years (average 24.4 years). Congenital cardiac anomalies included atrioventricular canal in five cases, secundum atrial septal defect in three cases, and cor triatriatum in one case. Results: No hospital death or postoperative morbidity occurred. No or trivial tricuspid regurgitation was present in six cases and mild tricuspid regurgitation in three cases at discharge. The follow-up ranged from 12 months to 70 months (average 39.3 months). No tricuspid stenosis was found. No to mild tricuspid regurgitation was present in eight cases, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation in one case at the latest follow-up. Conclusions: Edge-to-edge valve plasty is an easy, effective, and acceptable additional procedure to correct severe tricuspid regurgitation in patients with congenital heart disease.     

全机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术

目的 总结使用"达芬奇S"(da Vinci S)机器人手术系统,心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术的经验体会.方法 2009年3月至2010年12月,使用da Vinic S机器人系统,心脏不停跳下完成继发孔型房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术40例.患者女23例,男17例;年龄平均(38±13)岁.房间隔缺损直径为1.5～3.5 cm,平均(2.8±1.3)cm,无右向左分流,伴有或不伴有三尖瓣重度关闭不全.手术经股动、静脉及右侧颈内静脉插管建立体外循环.于右侧胸壁打直径为0.8 cm的器械臂孔3个,直径为2 cm工作孔1个,术中不阻断升主动脉,经内窥镜套管持续给予二氧化碳,心脏跳动下,术者于操作台前遥控机器人进行房间隔缺损修补,三尖瓣重度关闭不全患者同期行三尖瓣成形术.其中直接缝合房间隔缺损22例,心包补片修补房间隔缺损18例,同期三尖瓣成形9例.术中食管超声评估修补及三尖瓣成形效果.对比不停跳与心脏停跳下全机器人房间隔缺损修补术的手术时间及体外循环时间.结果 所有患者均成功接受全机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术或房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形术,无体循环气体栓子及残余分流等并发症.不停跳组的手术时间、机器人使用时间或体外循环时间少于停跳组.结论 机器人心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损修补术无需阻断升主动脉,简化了全机器人手术过程,手术效果安全可靠.

Abstract：

Objective To Summary the first 40 cases underwent robotic atrial septal defect (ASD) closure or atrial septal defect closure combined bicuspid valve plasty (TVP) using "da Vinci S" surgical System on beating heart. Methods 40 cases of atrial septal defect or combined sever tricuspid valve regurgitation were repaired using "da Vinic S" surgical system on beating heart from March 2009 to December 2010 in cardiovascular department of PLA general hospital. The average age was (38 ± 13) yeas old. 23 cases were female and 17 cases were male. All patients were ostium atrial septal defect with or without pulmonary hypertension. The atrial defect diameter was 1.5 -3.5 cm, and the mean diameter was(2. 8 ±1.3)cm. 9 patients had sever tricuspid valve regurgitation. Without sternotomy, the extracorporeal circulation was established through groin artery,groin vein and internal jugular vein cannulation with the guidance of transeophageal echocardiography. 3 ports of 8 mm and 1 working port of 2 cm were made in the right chest wall. After "da Vinci S" syetem was set up, with the assistant of bed-side surgeon, the surgeon completed the atrial septal defect closure or combined tricuspid valve plasty in the surgeon console with three dimensions visualization. During the operation, without cardioplegia administrated and aortic occlusion, the procedure was completed through right atriotomy. The pleural space was insufflated with carbon dioxide to avoid the air embolism. The direct suturing was used in 22 cases and pericardial patch were used in 18 cases. 9 patients accepted concurrent De Vega tricuspid valve plasty. The transesophageal echocardiography were used to evaluate the result of atrial defect closure or tricuspid valve repair. The operation time, robotic using time and cardiopulmonary time were compared with totally robotic atrial defect repair in arrested heart. Results All cases were accomplished successfully without complication. There was no residual shunt and air embolism. The operation time, robotic using time and cardiopulmonary time were less than the arrested group. Conclusion Robotic atrial septal defect closure or combined tricuspid valve repair on beating heart can avoid aortic ocllusion and can be utilized effectively and safely.     

Robot-Assisted Cardiac Surgery

Recognition of the significant advantages of minimizing surgical trauma has resulted in the development of minimally invasive surgical procedures. Endoscopic surgery offers patients the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, and surgical robots have enhanced the ability and precision of surgeons. Consequently, technological advances have facilitated totally endoscopic robotic cardiac surgery, which has allowed surgeons to operate endoscopically rather than through a median sternotomy during cardiac surgery. Thus, repairs for structural heart conditions, including mitral valve plasty, atrial septal defect closure, multivessel minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB), and totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), can be totally endoscopic. Robot-assisted cardiac surgery as minimally invasive cardiac surgery is reviewed.     

改良机器人手术方式行房间隔缺损修补术22例

目的 总结使用“达芬奇”（da Vinci S）机器人手术系统行体外循环下房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补＋三尖瓣成形术的经验体会.方法 2013年7月至2013年10月回顾性研究,使用da Vinic S机器人系统,体外循环下完成继发孔型房间隔缺损修补或房间隔缺损修补＋三尖瓣成形术22例.患者女16例,男6例;年龄平均（36.5±5.8）岁.房间隔缺损直径为2.5～4.1 cm,平均（3.8±1.3）cm,左向右分流,2例伴有三尖瓣中度关闭不全,2例伴有右侧胸膜腔部分粘连.手术经股动、静脉插管,于右侧胸壁打3个孔,采用我院成熟全腔镜心脏手术技术建立体外循环,阻断升主动脉,切开右心房后,再连接机器人手术系统,术者于操作台前遥控机器臂进行房间隔缺损修补,三尖瓣中度关闭不全患者同期行三尖瓣成形术.其中直接缝合房间隔缺损20例,补片修补房间隔缺损2例,同期三尖瓣成形及胸膜粘连松解各2例.结果 22例均成功接受机器人房间隔缺损修补术或房间隔缺损修补＋三尖瓣成形术,手术时间1.5 ～ 3.5 h,平均（2.3±0.6）h;后10例手术时间体外循环（58.6±18.3） min,升主动脉阻断（26.8±8.6） min,术后呼吸机辅助（5.8±1.6）h.胸液引流量50 ～ 300 ml,平均（150±32） ml,平均1～2d拔除胸腔闭式引流管.术后住院时间（5.6±1.4）d.均无中转开胸、院内死亡及术后并发症发生.全组术后3～5d超声心动图示手术效果满意,患者均顺利出院.随访1个月～3个月,无残余分流,下肢静脉血栓形成,心功能均为Ⅰ级,超声心动图检查结果满意.结论 改良达芬奇S机器人手术方式体外循环下房缺修补术安全可靠,疗效满意,且进一步缩短手术时间,创伤小、恢复快,具有良好的发展前景.     

66例部分性房室管畸形的外科治疗

目的总结部分性房室管畸形手术治疗的经验,以提高治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院1984年1月－2007年12月经外科治疗部分性房室管畸形患者66例的临床资料,对二尖瓣大瓣裂的处理：单纯裂缺缝合52例,缝合加交界折叠缝缩8例,加小瓣成形1例,加缝置St．Jude软质人工成形环3例,人工机械瓣置换术2例;对原发孔型房间隔缺损的修补：采用涤纶补片修补12例,自体心包54例;采用Kirklin法将冠状静脉窦口隔入左心房5例,MeGoon法将冠状静脉窦口隔入右心房61例;同期处理其他合并畸形。结果术后早期死亡2例（3．03％）,1例死于心律失常,另1例死于呼吸功能衰竭。术后发生Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞2例,均安装永久性心脏起搏器。术后随访52例（81．3％）,随访时间5个月～22年,平均15年,心功能均有明显改善,尤其是术前心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的19例患者,术后改善为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。再次手术4例,其中1例经再次行二尖瓣置换术治愈;术后死亡3例,1例死于急性。肾功能衰竭,2例死于低心排血量综合征。结论早期手术治疗可以保全房室瓣结构、功能,避免发生肺动脉高压和降低死亡率。手术治疗的关键是消除二尖瓣关闭不全、修补原发孔型房间隔缺损和避免损伤传导组织,术后近、中期疗效良好;有残留中度以上二尖瓣反流者,远期效果不满意。     

冠心病手术方式对IABP应用的影响

目的:探讨冠心病手术方式对主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)的影响。方法;冠心病手术176例,27例为非体外循环心脏跳动下的手术。在149例体外循环(cardio-pulmonary bypass,CPB)下的手术中,单纯冠状动脉搭桥(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)35例,CABG 激光心肌血管重建(Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization,TMLR)联合手术114例,其中29例加做室壁瘤切除、室间隔穿孔修补、瓣膜置换手术,9例于术中安置临时心外膜起搏器。结果:149例体外循环下的手术中共置入IABP23例,其中120例常规手术组中应用IABP15例,29例有附加手术组中应用IABP8例,而27例非体外循环下的手术中无IABP的应用。结论:(1)应用LABP数量在常规手术组与术中加做室壁瘤切除、瓣膜置换术或成型术、室间隔穿孔修补术(p<0.05),安置临时心外膜起搏器(P<0.01),组比较结果均有统计学意义;(2)激光心肌血管重建术,无论与何种冠心病手术联合应用,无论激光打孔数量多少,都没有增加IABP的应用;(3)未发现冠脉搭桥数量与IABP有关。     

Development and clinical application of minimally invasive cardiac surgery using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support.

OBJECTIVES: Optimal cardiopulmonary support during minimally invasive cardiac surgery remains controversial. We developed cardiopulmonary bypass for minimally invasive cardiac surgery using percutaneous peripheral cannulation. METHODS: Subjects were 34 patients (age: 58 +/- 13 years; range: 17-73) undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support between June 1997 and March 1999. Procedures included atrial septal defect closure (n = 14), partial atrioventricular septal defect closure (n = 1), mitral valve replacement (n = 8), mitral valve repair (n = 3), aortic valve replacement (n = 6), coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 1), and right atrial myxoma extirpation (n = 1). Bicaval venous drainage from the right internal jugular vein and the femoral vein and arterial return to the femoral artery were instituted by percutaneous cannulation. Venous drainage was implemented by negative pressure (-20 to -40 mmHg) and arterial return was by conventional roller pump. All procedures were conducted through a skin incision 8 +/- 1 cm, from 6 to 10 cm and partial sternotomy. Aortic cross clamping and cardioplegic solution were administered in the surgical field. RESULTS: The operation lasted 224 +/- 45 min., cardiopulmonary bypass 104 +/- 32 min., and aortic clamping 77 +/- 23 min.. No deaths occurred. One patient with residual atrial septal defect required reoperation through the same skin incision. Only 1 patient required homologous blood transfusion. The average postoperative hospital stay was 15 +/- 5 days. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support is safe and an excellent option for selected patients affected by single valve lesion, simple cardiac anomalies, and coronary artery bypass grafting.     

Coronary artery bypass in patients 80 years and over: is off-pump the operation of choice?

BACKGROUND: Octogenarians are at increased risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass. In this study we compared our experience with patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass (CAB) and those undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) to assess outcomes. METHODS: We used hospital database analysis in patients 80 years and older who underwent nonemergent coronary artery bypass with (N = 169) and without (N = 60) cardiopulmonary bypass from January 1999 through June 2001. RESULTS: Both groups were at increased perioperative risk based on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk model (7.7% OPCAB vs 5.8% CAB, p = 0.03). There were no operative deaths in the OPCAB group but there were eight (4.7%) in the CAB group (p = NS). Perioperative stroke (0% OPCAB vs 7.1% CAB, p = 0.04), prolonged ventilation (1.7% OPCAB vs 11.8% CAB, p = 0.02), and transfusion rate (33% OPCAB vs 70.4% CAB, p < 0.001) were all lower in the OPCAB group. A shorter hospital stay (6.3 days OPCAB vs 11.5 days CAB, p < 0.001) resulted in lower hospital cost in the OPCAB group ($9,363 OPCAB vs $12,312 CAB, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients was associated with fewer complications, a shorter hospital stay, and lower hospital cost. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting may be the operation of choice for octogenarians requiring surgical myocardial revascularization.