周期型马来丝虫CPI基因真核表达载体的构建和免疫学研究

目的构建周期型马来丝虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(BmCPI)基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-BmCPI,并观察其在小鼠体内的免疫应答反应。方法以周期型马来丝虫总RNA为模板,逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)扩增目的基因片段。与pGEM-T Easy克隆载体连接,筛选出阳性克隆,经PCR和双酶切鉴定后,亚克隆至真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1,构建pcDNA3.1-BmCPI表达载体。将48只小鼠随机分为4组,每组12只,分别为健康对照组、空质粒组、pcDNA3.1-BmCPI组和pcDNA3.1-BmCPI/CpG组,分别注射PBS 100μl、空质粒pcDNA3.1 100μg、重组质粒pcDNA3.1-BmCPI100μg和重组质粒pcDNA3.1-BmCPI 100μg+佐剂CpG 30μg,采用左后腿胫前肌注射免疫。每2周1次,共3次,于末次免疫后第4周,用RT-PCR方法检测小鼠注射部位肌肉组织内目的基因转录情况。于末次免疫后第4和第6周,用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测小鼠T淋巴细胞刺激增殖水平。于末次免疫后第2、4和6周,用ELISA法检测小鼠血清γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白介素-4(IL-4)水平。结果成功构建了...     

周期型马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因真核表达载体的构建及DNA免疫研究

目的 构建周期型马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(BmGAPDH)真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-BmGAPDH,并观察其在小鼠体内的细胞免疫应答效应.方法 以周期型马来丝虫总RNA为模板,RT-PCR方法扩增目的 基因片段.与pGEM-T Easy克隆载体连接,筛选出阳性克隆.经PCR和双酶切鉴定后,亚克隆至真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1,构建pcDNA3-BmGAPDH表达载体,将纯化的pcDNA3.1-BmGAPDH和CpG经后腿胫前肌免疫BALB/c小鼠,并设PBS对照组及空质粒对照组,共免疫3次,每次免疫间隔2周.用RT-PCR方法检测肌肉组织内目的 基因;用噻唑蓝(MTT)法、ELISA方法分别检测免疫小鼠T淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数和血清中细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4水平.应用SPSS统计学软件进行样本均数的t检验.结果 成功构建了pcDNA3.1-BmGAPDH真核表达载体,基因片段全长为1020 bp.DNA序列分析与基因库已知基因序列同源性为99%.该真核表达载体免疫小鼠后,从小鼠肌肉组织扩增出目的 基因重组质粒组小鼠淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数显著高于PBS对照组及空质粒对照组,淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数分别为1.398、1. 006和1.017(P<0.05).重组质粒组IFN-γ、IL-4细胞因子水平均高于PBS对照组及空质粒对照组,分别为163.905、58.589、51.317 ng/L和107.906、27.111、34.627 ng/L(P<0.05).免疫佐剂CpG与疫苗同时注射可增强机体的免疫应答,表现为IFN-γ水平和免疫4周后淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数显著上升.结论 pcDNA3.1-BmGAPDH真核表达载体能在小鼠体内表达并可诱导相关的细胞免疫应答.     

周期型马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶/半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂复合基因真核重组质粒的构建与表达

目的 构建周期型马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氰酶/半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(GAPDH/CPI)复合基因真核重组表达质粒,为研制复合多价疫苗奠定基础.方法 依据GenBank中BmGAPDH及BmCPI基因序列设计引物,以周期型马来丝虫总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增目的 编码基因.PCR产物经TA克降后,克隆至载体pGEM-T Easy中.取阳性重组质粒pGEM-T/BmGAPDH和pGEM-T/BmCPI以及真核重组表达载体分别双酶切,将酶切后的载体和目的 片段进行连接,构建真核重组表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI.将复合基因重组质粒瞬时转染人HeLa细胞后,进行RT-PCR验证,将表达产物用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)进行分析和鉴定.结果 分别克隆了pGEM-T/BmGAPDH和pGEM-T/BmCPI重组质粒,经酶切鉴定分别得到877、621 bp特异性片段,与预期值吻合.成功构建了复合基因重组真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI,酶切鉴定所产生的片段大小与预期吻合.复合基因真核重组表达质粒转染HeLa细胞后得到高水平表达,SDS-PAGE分析显示重组蛋白相对分子质量(Mr)约为54×103.结论 成功构建了周期型马来丝虫GAPDH/CPI复合基因重组表达质粒,并在哺乳动物细胞内得到正确表达.

Abstract：

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid containing glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and cysteine protease inhibitor ( CPI ) gene from periodic Brugia malayi (Bm) and to lay foundation for studying multivalent vaccines. Methods Total RNA was extracted from periodic Bin. The BmGAPDH and BmCPI genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The PCR product was cloned and then subeloned into eukaryotic recombinant plasmid vector pcDNA3.1 (+). pcDNA3.1 (+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI was constructed. The recombinant plasmids were screened and identified by digestion with restriction enzyme and PCR amplification, and were transformed into HeLa cell subsequently. The transient expression of BmGAPDH and BmCPI were examined by RT-PCR. The expressed protein was identified by sodium dodeeylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). Results Two specific bands of around 877 bp of BmGAPDH and 621 bp of BmCPI were amplified, consistent with the expected value. The same bands were obtained by double restriction enzyme digestion of recombinant plasmids or PCR using recombinant plasmid as template. BmGAPDH and BmCPI mRNA were highly expressed in transfeeted HeLa cell. The relative molecular mass (Mr) of the recombinant protein was about 54 × 103. Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+)/BmGAPDH/BmCPI has been constructed successfully and the protein is expressed correctly in mammalian cell.     

CpG免疫刺激序列增强日本血吸虫TPIDNA疫苗免疫保护作用的研究

目的研究CpG免疫刺激序列对日本血吸虫中国大陆株磷酸丙糖异构酶DNA疫苗诱导BALB/c小鼠免疫保护的增强作用.方法设计合成一对含6个免疫刺激序列的寡脱氧核苷酸,克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1第5314碱基Ssp I酶切位点,改建为pcDNA3.1-CpG.再将SjCTPIDNA片段克隆到pcDNA3.1-CpG的多克隆位点区,构建为pcDNA3.1-TPI/CpG.56只BALB/c雌性小鼠随机分为4组,各组小鼠分别肌肉注射pcDNA3.1、pcDNA3.1-TPI、pcDNA3.1-CpG、pcD-NA3.1-CpG/TPI质粒DNA,每鼠100 μg.每隔2周加强免疫1次,共3次.末次免疫后4周每鼠经腹部皮肤攻击感染(45士1)条日本血吸虫尾蚴,45 d后剖杀,计数成虫及肝脏虫卵数.首次免疫前2d及攻击感染前2 d经尾静脉采血检测抗体水平、抗体亚类IgG1、IgG2a.末次免疫后2周制备脾细胞,检测细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ的水平.结果 pcDNA3.1-TPI组和pcDNA3.1-TPI/CpG组小鼠血清都检测到特异性IgG抗体,抗体亚类IgG2./IgG1的比值分别为1.76和2.67,而其他两组则未检测到特异性IgG抗体;pcDNA3.1-TPI组和pcDNA3.1-TPI/CpG组小鼠的IL-2、IFN-γ较对照组均有不同程度的升高,IL-4无明显差异;pcDNA3.1-TPI组和pcDNA3.1-TPI/CpG组分别获得了25.98%和34.54%的减虫率,后者高于前者,并分别获得了27.68%和29.50%的减卵率.结论 CpG免疫刺激序列似能增强DNA疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的Th1型免疫应答,并提高DNA疫苗的免疫保护作用.     

肺炎嗜衣原体MOMP和人IL-2融合基因DNA疫苗的免疫原性研究

目的构建肺炎嗜衣原体(Chlamydophila pneumoniae,Cpn)主要外膜蛋白(MOMP)单基因及momp和人IL-2融合基因的真核表达载体并比较其免疫反应性,为研制Cpn核酸疫苗提供理论和实验依据。方法扩增Cpn momp及人IL-2基因并将二者融合,将momp和momp-IL-2分别克隆至pcDNA3.1(+)真核表达载体;制备纳米粒DNA疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠,免疫荧光组化法检测重组质粒在小鼠组织内的稳定表达;ELISA法检测小鼠血清中的特异性抗体和小鼠脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ水平;MTT法测定脾淋巴细胞特异性增殖反应。结果成功制备了pcDNA3.1(+)-momp和pcD-NA3.1(+)-momp-IL-2的纳米核酸疫苗;Cpn momp单基因和momp-IL-2融合基因核酸疫苗均能刺激小鼠产生特异性抗体,且pcDNA3.1(+)-momp-IL-2能诱导小鼠产生更高效价的特异性抗体(P<0.05);pcDNA3.1(+)-momp-IL-2诱导小鼠脾细胞产生IFN-γ的量及对特异抗原的刺激指数明显高于pcDNA3.1(+)-momp。结论Cpn momp单基因核酸疫苗和momp-IL-2融合基因核酸疫苗均能刺激小鼠产生较强的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答;pcDNA3.1(+)-momp-IL-2的免疫效果强于pcDNA3.1(+)-momp。     

幽门螺杆菌ureI核酸疫苗免疫活性的初步研究

目的 观察幽门螺杆菌ureI核酸疫苗诱导C57BL/6小鼠产生体液免疫应答及细胞免疫应答水平.方法 重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI、空质粒pcDNA3.1(+)及PBS分别肌注免疫C57BL/6小鼠.ELISA法检测小鼠血清中特异性IgG抗体水平以及脾淋巴细胞培养上清中IL-4和IFN-γ含量,MTT比色法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,PCR和免疫荧光组化法检测ureI基因和蛋白表达.结果 pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI能够诱导小鼠产生特异性IgG抗体,该组小鼠脾淋巴细胞经UreI重组蛋白刺激后,其刺激指数和培养上清中IL-4、IFN-γ含量明显升高; ureI基因可在小鼠肌细胞中有效表达.结论 pcDNA3.1(+)/ureI核酸疫苗能刺激C57BL/6小鼠产生较强的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,为进一步研究该疫苗的免疫保护作用奠定了基础.     

日本血吸虫P14基因纳米微球-DNA疫苗的免疫保护作用

目的 探讨日本血吸虫碱性调宁蛋白样蛋白P14基因的重组真核表达载体(pcDNA3.1(+)-SjP14)对小鼠血吸虫感染的免疫保护作用.方法 制备无内毒素pcDNA3.1 (+)-SjP14及纳米微球DNA疫苗,将雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,分别为生理盐水对照组、pcDNA3.1(+)-Sj P14组...     

免疫刺激序列增强日本血吸虫DNA疫苗的免疫保护作用

目的　探讨免疫刺激序列在日本血吸虫Mr 23 000膜蛋白 (SjC23)DNA疫苗诱导BALB/c小鼠抗血吸虫感染中的作用。　方法　将SjC23基因片段克隆到增加了免疫刺激序列的真核表达质粒 pcDNA3.1-CpG中,构建pcDNA3.1-SjC23/CpG。 40只雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为 4组 ,① pcDNA3.1对照组 ;②pcDNA3.1-SjC23组 ;③ pcDNA3.1-CpG组 ;④ pcDNA3.1-SjC23/CpG组。每鼠经两侧股四头肌注射质粒DNA共100 μg ,隔 2周加强免疫 1次 ,共 3次。末次免疫后 4周经腹部皮肤感染日本血吸虫尾蚴 45条 /鼠 ,45d后计数成虫及肝脏虫卵数。首次免疫前和感染前 2d分别经尾静脉采血 ,检测IgG及IgG1、IgG2a。末次免疫后 3周取小鼠脾细胞 ,检测经伴刀豆球蛋白和SjC23重组蛋白刺激后小鼠白细胞介素 2 (IL-2 )、白细胞介素 4(IL-4)和γ干扰素 (IFN-γ)。用51Cr释放法检测经SjC23重组蛋白刺激后脾细胞对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞的杀伤作用。　结果　②组和④组减虫率分别为 2 8.1%和 3 5.1% ,减卵率分别为 2 1.6%和 2 6.5 %。④组减虫率显著高于②组 (P <0.0 5 )。这两组均检测到特异性IgG ,IgG2a/IgG1比值分别为 10.1和 12.2。脾细胞经伴刀豆球蛋白和SjC23重组蛋白刺激后的IL-2水平 ,②组较①组、④组较③组均有升高。②组脾细胞对靶细胞的杀伤活性为9.7%, ④组为40.0%。 结论 疫苗载体中增加免疫刺激序列，可提高SjC23 DNA 疫苗在BALB/c小鼠中诱导产生的免疫保护作用。     

PcDNA3.1(+)-MCP-1和PcDNA3.1(+)-Groα真核表达质粒的构建及鉴定

目的:构建并鉴定真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-MCP-1和pcDNA3.1(+)-Groα.方法:据GeneBank中大鼠MCP-1和GroαcDNA序列设计并合成引物,提取急性胰腺炎模型大鼠总RNA,RT-PCR扩增,并将扩增产物TA克隆至pGEM-T easy载体,然后分别双酶切pGEM-MCP-1和pGEM-Groα回收目的片段再克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+).结果:pcDNA3.1(+)-MCP-1和pcDNA3.1(+)-Groα真核表达质粒构建完成后,用限制性内切酶、PCR及DNA序列分析等多种方法进行鉴定,证实其构建成功.结论:pcDNA3.1(+)-MCP-1和pcDNA3.1(+)-Groα真核表达质粒构建成功,为进一步研究该真核表达质粒的免疫保护效果及制备急性胰腺炎pcDNA3.1(+)-MCP-1和pcDNA3.1(+)-Gro DNA疫苗奠定了基础.     

大肠埃希菌肠毒素B亚基对弓形虫速殖子SAG1-ROP2复合基因免疫效果的影响

目的研究大肠埃希菌不耐热肠毒素B亚基(LTB)对弓形虫速殖子SAG1-ROP2复合基因免疫效果的影响。方法构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-SAG1-ROP2和pEASY-E1-LTB。BALB/c小鼠88只,随机均分为4组,分别用PBS(A组)、pcDNA3.1空质粒(B组)、pcDNA3.1-SAG1-ROP2质粒(C组),以及pcDNA3.1-SAG1-ROP2质粒和pEASY-E1-LTB质粒(D组)进行滴鼻免疫,每种质粒20μg/(只·次)。每组小鼠随机抽取15只,每周免疫1次,共4次,末次免疫后2周,测定其血清IgG和IgA抗体水平,气管和小肠黏膜冲洗液分泌型IgA(sIgA)水平,以及脾细胞培养上清中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素4(IL-4)水平;每组中余7只小鼠,每周免疫1次,共3次,末次免疫后4周,弓形虫速殖子腹腔接种感染(1×103/鼠),观察比较各组生存时间。结果成功构建pEASY-E1-LTB重组表达质粒。D组小鼠血清IgG(0.626±0.100)和IgA抗体水平(1.086±0.138),气管和小肠黏膜冲洗液sIgA水平(0.886±0.164),以及细胞因子IFN-γ[(2017±266)pg/ml]和IL-4水平[(203±31)pg/ml]均显著高于其他各组(均P0.05)。感染弓形虫速殖子后,A、B、C和D组小鼠的生存时间中位数分别为3、4、6和10d,D组的生存时间长于其他各组(均P0.05)。结论LTB能明显增强弓形虫速殖子SAG1-ROP2复合基因的免疫效果。     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

目的探讨中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性。方法选取2012年1月—2013年10月在我院进行常规健康体检者750例,测量受试者血压、身高、体质量及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果男性超重、肥胖检出率分别为36.87%(198/537)和13.97%(75/537),均高于女性的16.43%(35/213)和7.50%(16/213)(P0.05)。超重者和肥胖者高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症检出率分别为21.03%(49/233)和11.16%(26/233)、46.12%(42/91)和41.76%(38/91),均高于正常者的9.16%(37/404)和2.23%(9/404),肥胖者高于超重者(P0.01)。收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血清Hcy与BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.639、0.515、0.497,P0.01)。结论中青年尤其是男性超半数存在超重或肥胖,高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症与BMI呈正相关,超重和肥胖者高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率高,应积极防治。