螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭对镁代谢的影响

目的　探讨慢性心力衰竭在常规药物治疗的基础上加用与不加用螺内酯治疗 ,对 2 4h尿镁排泄量 (UMA)、血浆镁浓度 (PMC)、红细胞镁含量 (EMC)的影响。方法　 111例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为 2组 ,常规治疗加螺内酯组 (第 1组 5 6例 )和不加螺内酯 (第 2组 5 5例 ) ,采用原子吸收光谱火焰法测定治疗前、治疗 1个月及 6个月时UMC、PMC、EMC的变化情况。动态心电图检测治疗 6个月后心律失常发生率评价心电的稳定性 ;比较两组治疗 1个月、6个月后的 6min步行距离 (6MWD) ,评价运动耐力。结果　 (1)第 1组治疗 1个月后 2 4hUMA与治疗前比较明显下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,治疗 6个月后与第 2组比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;PMC与EMC治疗 6个月后PMC与EMC的增高与治疗 1个月时及治疗前比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)、与第 2组比较差异有显著性意义(P <0 .0 1)。(2 )第 2组治疗后 2 4hUMA呈进行性增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;PMC治疗前后差异无显著性 ;而EMC治疗 1个月与治疗前无差异 ,治疗 6个月时有所下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (3)第 1组治疗 6个月后与第 2组比较 2 4h平均窦性心率及室性早搏发生率均较低 (分别P <0 .0 5 ) ;心房颤动 心房扑动、房性期前收缩及室性心动过速的发生率均低于第 2组 (分别P <0 .0 5 ) ;第 1?     

螺内酯对慢性心力衰竭患者心率变异性及左室重构的影响

目的探讨螺内酯对慢性心力衰竭患者心率变异性及左室重构的影响。方法选取86例慢性心力衰竭患者,随机分为常规治疗组和螺内酯组,测定治疗前及治疗3月后24h平均正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)、24h连续5min节段平均正常R-R间期标准差(SDANN)及连续正常R-R间期差的均方根(rMSSD),采用超声诊断仪测定左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)的变化。结果螺内酯组患者的心率变异性指标SDNN、SDANN及rMSSD明显增加,左心重构指标LVEDD、LVESD明显下降,LVEF明显上升(P<0.05)。结论螺内酯能够有效改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心率变异性及改善左室重构。     

Serious adverse events experienced by patients with chronic heart failure taking spironolactone

In patients with chronic heart failure, spironolactone added to conventional treatment may lead to serious and, occasionally, fatal hyperkalaemia. In some cases this seems to happen because spironolactone causes diarrhoea. Four cases involving men with New York Heart Association functional class III heart failure are presented. As these cases revealed, close monitoring of blood chemistry is mandatory after starting spironolactone, and patients should be advised to stop spironolactone immediately if diarrhoea develops.     

Long-term maintenance therapy with prazosin in congestive heart failure

We evaluated the effects of long-term maintenance therapy with oral prazosin (6-20 mg, mean 14 +/- 2 mg/d) in 14 patients with congestive heart failure. The patients were followed for 6 +/- 1 months. Eleven of the fourteen patients reported subjective improvement. Two patients required increased diuretics because of gain in body weight. Systolic blood pressure showed a slight but sustained decrease suggesting persistent vasodilator effect. Reductions in echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic (6.35 +/- 0.25-5.88 +/- 0.25 cm, p less than 0.05) and end-systolic (5.16 +/- 0.35-4.73 +/- 0.28 cm, p less than 0.05) diameters were observed at 2 months. However, the cardiothoracic ratio on chest x ray was unaltered. Maximum exercise tolerance time increased in eight patients (57%) during prazosin therapy. Improvement in exercise tolerance time was observed in patients with most marked clinical improvement, suggesting presence of cardiac reserve. Two patients died suddenly after reporting subjective improvement. This study shows sustained clinical improvement in most patients with heart failure treated with oral prazosin.     

Non-parenteral combined afterload and preload reduction therapy in congestive heart failure.

It has been shown that hydralazine is beneficial in chronic heart failure by virtue of its afterload reducing effect. Nitroglycerin paste results in venodilation and fall in left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP). Thirteen patients with chronic heart failure were given a combination of oral hydralazine and nitroglycerin paste. With oral hydralazine (75 to 100 mg every 8 h), left ventricular stroke work increased and LVFP slightly fell. Following addition of 2% nitroglycerin paste, an additional decline in mean pulmonary artery and LVFP was observed without significant changes in heart rate and arterial pressure. There were no untoward side effects from either therapy. Eight patients followed for three to eight months (mean five months) reported subjective improvement in shortness of breath and other symptoms related to ventricular dysfunction. This study shows that in certain patients with chronic heart failure, hydralazine and nitroglycerin paste combination produces salutary clinical effects on long term probably through afterload and preload reduction, respectively.     

Pharmacologic treatment of congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure is a clinical syndrome producing symptomatic deterioration, functional impairment, and shortened life span. The syndrome is complex in that it includes both peripheral and cardiac effects which contribute to the progression of heart failure. In the periphery, elevations in thesympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system increase afterload and contribute to further salt and water retention. The central cardiac abnormalities include remodeling of the heart and downregulation of beta receptors. Traditional heart failure therapy has included treatment of fluid retention with diuretics, although their effect on mortality has never been addressed. The most proven therapy in heart failure is treatment with vasodilators, particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Improved survival with ACE-inhibitor therapy has been demonstrated in patients with severe heart failure (CONSENSUS), mild to moderate heart failure (SOLVD), and in comparison with vasodilator therapy with hydralazine isosorbide dinitrate (VHeFT II). Improved survival has also been noted in postmyocardial infarction when the ejection fraction is decreased (SAVE). The ACE inhibitors have now become standard therapy for heart failure regardless of severity. Additive vasodilator therapy with calcium-channel antagonists is under investigation. Inotropic therapy is controversial at present because of disappointing mortality results. The clinical mainstay digitalis remains without convincing mortality reduction data. Other inotropic agents, particularly phosphodiesterase inhibitors, have shown uniformly negative survival results. However, the new mixed action agents vesnarinone and pimobenden have shown favorable data, with vesnarinone demonstrating a mortality reduction effect. Beta-blocker therapy in heart failure has also found renewed interest, particularly with the new agents carvedolol and bucindolol which also have vasodilating properties.     

安体舒通对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者QT离散度的影响

目的观察安体舒通对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者QT离散度(QTd)的影响,探讨其临床应用价值。方法采用随机、对照方法,设立安体舒通干预组及常规治疗组,测定两组用药前及用药1月后的QTd、校正QT离散度(QTcd)、血钾、血镁、血钠和肌酐。同时测定正常对照者的QTd及QTcd。结果心力衰竭组QTd、QTcd较对照组明显延长,差异有显著性(p<0.01);安体舒通干预组治疗后QTd、QTcd较治疗前显著下降(p<0.01):安体舒通干预组血清钾、镁治疗后较治疗前明显升高(p<0.01),肌酐轻度减低但差异无显著性(p>0.05)。结论安体舒通可降低心衰患者的QTd、QTcd。     

Ventricular arrhythmias in congestive heart failure

Despite advances in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF), the mortality rate continues to be high. A large number of the deaths are sudden, presumably due to ventricular arrhythmias. Complex ventricular arrhythmias are recorded in as many as 80% of patients with CHF, with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia occurring in 40%. The latter appears to be an independent predictor of mortality. Chronic structural abnormalities responsible for CHF may be the basis for the capability of a ventricle to support life-threatening arrhythmias, which are triggered by premature ventricular contractions. The pathogenesis of arrhythmias is multifactorial. Electrolyte abnormalities, ischemia, catecholamines, inotropic and antiarrhythmic drugs may worsen arrhythmias and increase susceptibility of a ventricle to sustained arrhythmias. Beta-adrenergic blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have a beneficial effect. The role of various drugs in the pathogenesis and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias is discussed. The efficacy of antiarrhythmic therapy targeted to asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, in order to prevent sudden death, is controversial. Pharmacotherapy guided by electrophysiologic testing is the treatment of choice for patients who have manifest sustained ventricular tachycardia, but patients resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation may require automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator.     

Hemodynamic effects of felodipine in congestive heart failure

Summary The hemodynamic effects of increasing dosages of felodipine, a new calcium antagonist with selective vasodilator properties, were studied in 13 patients with chronic cardiac failure. A Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter was positioned in the pulmonary artery and hemodynamic parameters were monitored from 9 am to 6 pm for five days. On the first and the fifth day patients received placebo (P) and on the second, third, and fourth day patients received felodipine 5, 10, and 20 mg, respectively. Symptom-limited exercise tests with a bicycle ergometer were performed on both days of P and on the fourth day. A marked reduction of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and a significant increase of cardiac index without increments of heart rate (HR) were observed after felodipine at rest. A dose response effect could be demonstrated. During exercise a significant increment of cardiac index and decrease of pulmonary wedge pressure was observed after felodipine. Felodipine showed a potent vasodilator action on systemic circulation with significant changes on both stroke volume and filling pressures at rest and during exercise without side effects.Part of the data in this paper was presented at the Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy International Symposium in Geneva, Switzerland, April 1985     

Respiratory sleep disorders in patients with congestive heart failure

Respiratory sleep disorders (RSD) occur in about 40-50% of patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered a cause of CHF, whereas central sleep apnea (CSA) is considered a response to heart failure, perhaps even compensatory. In the setting of heart failure, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has a definite role in treating OSA with improvements in cardiac parameters expected. However in CSA, CPAP is an adjunctive therapy to other standard therapies directed towards the heart failure (pharmacological, device and surgical options). Whether adaptive servo controlled ventilatory support, a variant of CPAP, is beneficial is yet to be proven. Supplemental oxygen therapy should be used with caution in heart failure, in particular, by avoiding hyperoxia as indicated by SpO₂ values >95%.     

静脉注射米力农治疗充血性心力衰竭

静脉注射米力农治疗２４例充血性心衰患者，其中５例经血液波动力学监测。用药后，患者的肺动脉楔压，肺循环和体循环阻力降低，心排血指数增加，心衰症状减轻，运动耐量增加，总有效率８４．２０％，部分患者用药过程中，血压轻度下降，心率略增快。本文提示米力农是治疗充血性心衰的有效药物。     

慢性充血性心力衰竭患者窦性心率震荡的检测和临床意义

目的探讨慢性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者窦性心率震荡的变化特点及其与心功能的关系,并进行预后判断。方法对100例（男61例,女39例;年龄45～86岁,平均62岁）慢性充血性心力衰竭患者和50例教师体检者进行24h动态心电图检查、心脏超声、常规12导联心电图,计算出心率震荡（HRT）的参数：震荡初始值（TO）及震荡斜率值（TS）,并分析两组的参数值,心脏超声测量左心室内径及射血分数。结果CHF组TO值（0.4839±0.1421）%,对照组TO值-（0.3467±0.1352）%;CHF组TS值（2.1638±0.2547）ms/RR间期,对照组TS值（6.2434±1.3589）ms/RR间期,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义。随访中发现TO、TS均异常的CHF患者的再住院率、死亡率均显著高于其他组。结论窦性心律震荡能反映压力感受器敏感性和自主神经平衡性的变化,对CHF患者的危重程度评价和预后判断有一定的参考意义。     

Chronic vasodilator therapy with flosequinan in congestive heart failure

This study was conducted to determine the long-term effect of flosequinan, a new orally administered arterial and venous dilator, on the clinical course of patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure. Seventeen patients on chronic digitalis and diuretic therapy were randomized to receive either flosequinan (n = 9) or placebo (n = 8) in a double-blind fashion. Changes in symptomatology, exercise performance, and left ventricular function were assessed serially during the two-month treatment period. During the course of therapy, a modest improvement in the symptom scores and functional classification of the flosequinan-treated patients was observed. Flosequinan evoked a significant increase in maximal exercise capacity. While long-term flosequinan administration also effected a progressive increase in resting heart rate, it did not consistently improve indices of left ventricular systolic function. The addition of chronic vasodilator therapy with flosequinan to standard digitalis-diuretic regimens is capable of inducing clinical improvement in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure. Trials involving larger patient populations will be necessary to confirm the results of this preliminary study and to determine the extent of clinical improvement, subpopulations benefited, role in heart failure therapeutics, and so forth.     

替米沙坦联合辛伐他汀治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的疗效

目的:观察替米沙坦联合辛伐他汀治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的疗效。方法:将132例CHF患者随机分为替米沙坦联合辛伐他汀治疗组(联合治疗组,44例)、辛伐他汀组(44例)和常规对照组(44例)3组,随访180d,观察治疗前后NYHA心功能分级,同时以超声动图检测左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及E/A来评估治疗效果。结果:联合治疗组疗效优于辛伐他汀组和常规对照组(P0.05)。辛伐他汀组各指标均优于常规对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。LVEF(%)、E/A联合治疗组均优于辛伐他汀组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:替米沙坦联合辛伐他汀治疗CHF比单用辛伐他汀的临床疗效更好。     

环磷腺苷葡胺治疗充血性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的观察环磷腺苷葡胺（MCA）治疗充血性心力衰竭（CHF）的疗效。方法120例CHF患者随机分为A组：对照组，60例，常规抗心力衰竭治疗；B组：治疗组，60例，在A组基础上加用MCA120～150mg加入250ml液体中静脉滴注，每日1次，10天为1个疗程。结果B组总有效率为91．7％，A组为83．3％，但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；B组射血分数（EF）较A组明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论在常规抗心力衰竭治疗的基础上，加用MCA可提高CHF的临床效果。     

An explanation for varying views about digitalis efficacy in congestive heart failure

Summary The issue is no longer whether digitalis exerts an inotropic effect in heart failure or whether one can demonstrate a sustained hemodynamic or clinical response to the drug, but whether the same favorable effect can now be achieved equally well by another agent that might not be as dangerous as digitalis.     

慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心率变异性与甲状腺激素的关系

目的 探讨心力衰竭(心衰)患者心率变异性与甲状腺激素的关系.方法 采用时域和频域2种分析方法,对46例心衰患者及30例非心衰患者进行分析,同时测定甲状腺激素水平.结果 心衰患者24 h正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、相邻正常RR间期差值的均方根值(rMSSD)、频域分析高频部分(HF)及低频部分(LF)均降低(P＜0.05),而低频部分与高频部分之比值(LF/HF)升高(P＜0.001).结论 心衰患者交感神经及迷走神经的调节功能明显受损,交感神经张力相对升高.伴有甲状腺激素紊乱的心衰患者有更严重的交感、迷走神经双重损害.提示纠正甲状腺激素紊乱,可能会使心衰患者心率变异性有一定程度的改善.     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者的正常甲状腺功能病态综合征

目的　探讨老年慢性心力衰竭患者中正常甲状腺功能病态综合征的情况及其与老年人病情和预后的关系。方法　运用化学发光免疫法测定老年慢性心力衰竭患者 (6 6例 )及对照组 (30例 )血浆三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3 )、甲状腺素 (T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT3 )、游离甲状腺素 (FT4)及促甲状腺素 (TSH)水平。结果　心力衰竭患者与对照组比较 ,T3 、FT3 明显降低 ,心力衰竭越重 ,降低越明显。心功能分级标准Ⅳ级患者T4、FT4及TSH较对照组降低明显 ,T4、FT4降低或合并TSH降低者 ,病死率高。结论　老年慢性心力衰竭患者常伴有正常甲状腺功能病态综合征 ,尤其是正常甲状腺功能病态综合征中低T3 低T4综合征为预后不良指标。甲状腺激素有望成为心力衰竭治疗中的一类新型药物。     

冠心病和充血性心力衰竭患者的心率变异性

本文采用标准差法及心率变指数法分析了冠心病、充血性心力衰竭及正常人各５０例的心率变异性，结果发现冠心病及充血性心力衰竭者的心率变异值显著低于正常人。心衰组中，心衰程度越重者，心率弈异赵低。且心率变异与心胸比值及ＰＥＰ／ＬＶＥＴ呈负相关，与心脏指数呈正相关。急性心肌梗死者的心率变趔氏于陈旧性心肌梗死和心绞痛者。２４例心肌梗死者查心室晚电位，晚电位阳性者的心率变异值显著低于晚电位阴性者，提示两者结合可