血管塞治疗腹主动脉瘤主动脉腔内修复术后高流量Ⅰ型内漏4例

目的 探讨血管塞治疗腹主动脉瘤主动脉腔内修复术后高流量Ⅰ型内漏的可行性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至9月收治的腹主动脉瘤主动脉腔内修复术患者临床资料,其中3例腹主动脉瘤术后即刻造影发现Ⅰa型内漏,1例腹主动脉瘤术后3个月复查CT发现Ⅰb型内漏.4例腹主动脉瘤主动脉腔内修复术后高流量Ⅰ型内漏患者均接受血管塞栓...     

介入治疗腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的护理体会

腹主动脉瘤(AAA)是最常见的动脉扩张性疾病，传统的方法是手术治疗，但危险性很大，其致命的并发症是动脉瘤破裂致大出血死亡。近年来开展的腔内隔绝术(EVGE)治疗腹主动脉瘤具有安全、微创的特点，2002年12月我院应用分叉型人造血管一内支架复合体腔内隔绝治疗腹主动脉瘤2例，取得满意效果，现将护理体会报告如下。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后的瘤腔压

本文通过对腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术前后动脉瘤腔内动脉压的测量 ,评估术后动脉瘤壁所受负荷的减轻程度 ,并进一步讨论腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的成功标准。1　资料与方法　　肾下型腹主动脉瘤 ,成功放置“人”字型内置人造血管 ,进行腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者 10例。术前测压导管探头在Ｘ线透视下定位于动脉瘤腔内 ,术后则定位于人造血管和动脉瘤壁之间 (即隔绝后的动脉瘤腔内 )。外接传感器及测压机 ,测量收缩压、舒张压、平均压和脉压差。2　结　果　　腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后 ,动脉瘤腔内收缩压下降(6 2 6± 4 7) %、舒张压下降 (4 4 9± 4 8…     

主动脉腔内人造血管内支架的研制进展

主动脉瘤按解剖部位可分为升主动脉瘤、主动脉弓动脉瘤、降主动脉瘤、腹主动脉瘤及胸腹主动脉瘤，按形态可分为真性主动脉瘤、假性主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层。主动脉瘤如不及时处理，最终会发生破裂死亡。传统的治疗方法是行主动脉瘤切除及人造血管移植术，但是一些高龄或伴有心、肺、肝、肾功能不全的病人难以耐受手术，围手术期死亡率高达60％^[1]。     

主动脉瘤的腔内隔绝术介入治疗

目的:讨论腔内人造血管隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤近期临床疗效。方法:4例肾下腹主动脉瘤和1例主动脉弓夹层动脉瘤病人接受腔内人造血管隔绝术治疗,术前均行彩超、三维重建螺旋CT检测。结果:术后即刻DSA造影显示:5例动脉瘤消失,近远端人造血管与主动脉结合处无内漏,腔内人造血管无移位,5例病人临床均获成功。术后3~6个月彩超及CT随访显示腔内人造血管无移位及内漏,动脉瘤残腔无增大及血流。结论:腔内人造血管隔绝术是一种创伤小、恢复快的治疗主动脉瘤的安全、有效的新方法,但远期疗效有待随访。     

复合手术室智能移动三维导航技术在近肾型腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗中的应用效果评价

目的：探讨复合手术室术中智能移动三维导航技术在近肾型腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗中的应用价值。 方法：选取2016年2月-2018年6月在江苏省苏北人民医院复合手术室治疗的7例近肾型腹主动脉瘤患者,术中行数字减影血管造影三维成像（3D-DSA）后将3D重建图像和2D透视图像进行图像融合,标记肾动脉及其他重要血管分支。并对不同阶段不同体位的术中三维导航融合图像进行自动修正配准,根据手术需要,改善融合图像的血管、骨骼背景密度,提高叠加图像上血管可视化程度,精确指导支架释放,实现血管内治疗的准确导航。 结果：7例患者在3D图像导航下行血管腔内腹主动脉瘤修复术,导丝导管均成功导入靶血管内,单根靶血管导入时间3~22 min,造影剂用量150~180 ml。7例行血管腔内腹主动脉瘤修复术均手术成功,术后即刻造影提示分支血管显影通畅,无内漏。 结论：复合手术室三维导航技术可精准标记肾动脉及其他分支血管开口,方便术中靶血管定位超选,对近肾型腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗具有重要的指导作用。     

腹主动脉瘤血管腔内修补术的临床应用价值

腹主动脉瘤血管腔内修补术是一种微创手术,对于老年或高危病人有明显优越性,但在中、长期随访时也发现很多缺陷和问题.对血管腔内修补术治疗腹主动脉瘤的优、缺点及发展前景进行综述.     

高原地区8例腹主动脉瘤破裂的救治及危险因素分析

目的：探讨高原地区腹主动脉瘤破裂的救治要点、分析瘤体破裂的危险因素.方法：分析2008年5月-2012年3月8例腹主动脉瘤破裂患者资料.8例腹主动脉瘤破裂作为研究组,随机从常规手术组中选出12例作为对照组,对比两组间年龄、性别、瘤体直径、合并症、病变范围等指标,分析动脉瘤破裂的危险因素,8例腹主动脉瘤破裂患者,均急诊行腹主动脉瘤切除人工血管置换术.结果：瘤体直径是腹主动脉瘤破裂的危险因素,全组1例术中死亡,1例出现肺梗,1例出现切口疝.结论：腹主动脉瘤破裂应尽早手术治疗,行腹主动脉瘤切除加人工血管移植术可取得满意疗效.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术与传统手术后的护理特点比较

为探索腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术与传统经腹手术的护理学差异,对1989年9月－2000年4月手术治疗的148例腹主动脉瘤进行了回顾性研究,其中传统经腹腔或经腹膜后长路腹主动脉瘤切除人工血管重建术96例,腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术52例,主要对两组间术后的住院时间、卧床时间、镇痛时间和恢复饮食时间进行对比研究。结果发现,两组患者术前一般状况无显著差异,术后的住院时间、卧床时间、镇痛时间和恢复饮食时间腔内隔绝术组明显缩短。说明在腹主动脉瘤的手术治疗中,腔内隔绝术具有术后患者痛苦小、恢复快的优点,有助于优化临床护理工作模式,减轻术后护理强度。     

血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的：探讨血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的技术方法和疗效。方法：对10例降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析,其中2例为DeBakeyШa型,8例为DeBakeyШb型。1例夹层动脉瘤仅累及腹主动脉,合并真性动脉瘤。影像学资料显示全组有3例在不同部位有2个以上撕裂口。结果：1例腹主动脉混合型动脉瘤按腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术进行,2例将人工带膜支架封闭左锁骨下动脉口,另7例均顺利进行主动脉腔内隔绝术。随访2~16个月,全部病例均存活。结论：血管腔内置入带膜支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的简便、安全、有效的方法。     

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in 144 patients: correlation of aneurysm size, proximal aortic neck length, and procedure-related complications.

PURPOSE: During endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, larger aneurysms often present formidable anatomic challenges to the insertion of the delivery catheter and graft deployment. The authors sought to evaluate whether large-diameter aneurysms and those with short proximal aortic necks might be associated with a higher frequency of insertion-related and short-term complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1999 to August 2000, 144 patients underwent elective endovascular graft placement for infrarenal AAA disease at the authors' institution. These patients were treated with use of the AneuRx bifurcated endoprosthesis. AAA size (maximum aneurysm diameter) and proximal aortic neck length were compared to estimated blood loss, operative time, accuracy of graft placement, presence of endoleak, intraoperative and postoperative complications (such as limb occlusion or vascular injury), length of hospital stay, and mortality. Statistical methods included correlation analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 121 men and 23 women whose aneurysms ranged in size from 3 cm to 9.8 cm (mean, 5.6 cm; 95% CI, 5.4-5.8 cm). Endograft insertion was successful in all cases. There were three deaths within 30 days (2.1%) and seven deaths overall (4.9%). There were 43 intraoperative complications (29.9%) in 31 patients (21.5%), most of them minor. Patients with major intraoperative complications had significantly longer procedure times than those without complications (337 vs. 149 min; P <.0001). In the postoperative period (within 30 days), 31 complications (21.5%) occurred in 28 patients (19.4%), again most of them minor. AAA size was unrelated in any way to the rate of complications, but short proximal aortic neck length was associated with more serious intraoperative and postoperative complications (P =.0404 and P =.0230, respectively), and decreased 30-day and overall survival (P =.0240 and P =.0152, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of large AAAs can be challenging; however, the size of the AAA does not influence the rate of complications. A short proximal aortic neck is the only significant risk factor for more serious complications.     

Endoluminal embolization of bilateral atherosclerotic common iliac aneurysms with fibrin tissue glue (Beriplast)

The standard surgical approach to nonleaking iliac aneurysms found at repair of a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm is to minimize the operative risk by repairing the abdominal aorta only. This means that the bypassed iliac aneurysms may have to be repaired later. As this population of patients are usually elderly with coexisting medical problems, interventional radiology is being used to embolize these aneurysms, thus avoiding the morbidity and mortality associated with further general anesthesia and surgery. Various materials and stents have been reported to be effective in the treatment of iliac aneurysms. We report the successful use of endoluminal fibrin tissue glue (Beriplast) to treat two large iliac aneurysms in a patient who had had a previous abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. We discuss the technique involved and the reasons why we used tissue glue in this patient.     

Juxtarenal aortic aneurysm: endoluminal transfemoral repair?

Endoluminal transfermoral repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm by a stent graft placement requires a segment of the nondilated infrarenal aorta of at least 15 mm long for safe stent graft attachment. The possibility of endoluminal treatment of a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with partially covered spiral Z stent was assessed in experiment and in three clinical cases. In the experiment, the noncovered spiral Z stent was placed into the abdominal aorta, across the origins of renal arteries and mesenteric arteries, in six dogs. In the clinical cases, a partially covered stent graft was attached in 3 patients with the juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (of the group of 12 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm). The stent grafts were attached with proximal uncovered parts across the origins of the renal arteries. In experiment, the renal artery occlusions or stenoses were not observed 36 months after stent placement, and in clinic 3 patients with the juxtarenal aortic aneurysm were successfully treated by stent graft placement. There were no signs of flow impairment into the renal arteries 14 months after stent graft implantation. This approach can possibly expand the indications for endoluminal grafting in the treatment of juxtarenal aortic aneurysms in patients who are at high risk for surgery.     

主动脉夹层或瘤的腔内隔绝术临床评价(附23例报道)

目的:评价应用腔内血管支架治疗腹主动脉瘤的优点。方法:对24例患者行DSA和带膜血管腔内支架植入隔绝手术治疗,其中Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤19例,真性腹主动脉瘤4例,假性腹主动脉瘤1例。所有病例均采用TALENTTM带膜支架移植物系统。术后对所有患者行螺旋CT随访。结果:除1例因胸主动脉夹层破口位于左锁骨下动脉开口处,无法放置腔内血管支架而行开胸手术外,余23例均顺利放入,术后患者症状完全消失,全部患者在随访期间均未出现术前症状,未见相关并发症。结论:应用带膜支架治疗胸主动脉Stanford B型夹层、真性和假性腹主动脉瘤,其效果较单纯开放式手术效果好且不良反应小,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: how many patients are eligible for endovascular repair?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine how many patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are eligible for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography (CT) angiograms obtained between January 2002 and June 2003 in 182 patients with suspected AAA. Indication for surgical or endovascular treatment was based on clinical and radiological criteria. The percentage of patients eligible for EVAR was evaluated. RESULTS: Out of a total of 182 patients with suspected AAA studied by CT angiography, after combined radiological-surgical assessment, 130 were considered eligible for surgical or endovascular treatment (71.4%). EVAR was indicated in 51 patients (39.3%, group A) and surgical repair was indicated in 79 patients (60.7%, group B). The reasons for ineligibility for EVAR were the following: unfavourable anatomy of the proximal neck in 41 patients (51.9%), diameter of the aneurysm sac >7 cm in 13 patients (16.4%), markedly tortuous/dilated iliac axis in six patients (7.6%), age <65 years in 17 patients (21.5%) and patient refusal in two cases (2.5%). There were no statistically significant differences in aneurysm diameter (52.7+/-0.8 versus 49.8+/-1.2 mm, p=ns), patients' age (73.2+/-1.2 versus 70.6+/-2.02 years, p=ns) or proximal neck length (2.95+/-1 versus 3.03+/-1.2 cm, p=ns) between groups A and B. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms through the placement of aortic stent-grafts has now become a viable alternative to open surgery. In recent years, the number of patients treated with EVAR has steadily risen as a result of increased physician experience, availability of new and more versatile devices and improvements in noninvasive imaging techniques. Unfavourable neck anatomy is the primary factor for exclusion from endovascular repair.     

Strategies of endoleak management following endoluminal treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms in 95 patients: how, when and why

Purpose

This study reviews, on the basis of our experience, the indications and options for treating endoleaks (EL) after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) by endografting.

Materials and methods

Ninety-five patients (M/F =92/3; mean age at time of operation 70.7±7.8 years) who underwent endovascular repair of infrarenal AAA between April 1997 and October 2004 were considered. All images of 420 pre-and postoperative computed tomography (CT) studies were reviewed.

Results

A total of 37 EL occurred in 33/95 patients (34.7%), four of whom had two EL of different types. Eighteen EL were treated, 16 by endoluminal treatment. Six EL were type I: 2 were treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and 4 by cuff deployment (2 proximal cuffs and 2 distal cuffs). Eight EL were type II: 2 were treated by PTA, 2 by cuff deployment, 1 by transcatheter coil embolisation of the inferior mesenteric artery, two by thrombin injection in the aneurysm sac and one underwent surgical conversion during an attempt to treat a concomitant type I EL. Finally, 2 EL were type III: 1 was treated by PTA and 1 by cuff deployment. Endovascular treatment was successful in 12/16 cases (75%), whereas 3/16 cases (18.8%) were converted to open surgery, and 1 patient died of AAA rupture the day after endovascular repair.

Conclusions

EL is the most common complication after endovascular repair of AAA. In type I and type III EL, treatment is mandatory, whereas in type II (and type V) EL, treatment is indicated in the presence of AAA enlargement. Type IV EL generally disappear spontaneously. Endovascular repair is feasible and can be performed with different techniques according to EL aetiology, but it is not always decisive, and in some cases surgical conversion is required.     

Preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm by MR imaging with aortography correlation

Sonography, computed tomography, and most recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been advocated as noninvasive imaging methods for the preoperative evaluation of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). We prospectively assessed the value of MRI in this clinical setying. Twenty of 23 patients with AAA referred for evaluation with biplane aortography underwent MRI within 3 days of aortography. MR and angiographic studies were interpreted prospectively and independently and then the results were compared with each other and with the operative findings. All angiographically demonstrated infrarenal and suprarenal aneurysms except one were documented as such by MRI. The distal extent of the aneurysm on MRI agreed with that on angiography in all but 3 cases. MRI is an accurate method for assessing the size and extent of AAA and its relationship to the main renal artery origins. MRI is not accurate in detecting vascular obstructions or accessory renal arteries. Therefore, the usefulness of MRI and the need for aortography in preoperative assessment of AAA depends upon the specific information the surgeon requires prior to aneurysmectomy in a given patient.     

腔内人造血管内支撑术治疗腹主动脉瘤

目的 评价腔内人造血管内支撑术治疗腹主动脉瘤的早期临床疗效。方法 自１９９８年２月至１９９９年２月,根据６例腹主动脉瘤患者三维重建螺旋ＣＴ和动脉造影结果,于术前对每个腹主动脉瘤近远端的瘤颈长度、直径和角度,以及动脉瘤和髂总动脉、髂外动脉本身的直径等主要参数进行测量,动脉瘤直径为４．６～８．０ｃｍ,平均６．３ｃｍ;肾动脉下腹主动脉直径为１．８～２．２ｃｍ,平均２．０ｃｍ;近端瘤颈长度为２．５～３．５     

Helical CT Angiography of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Treated with Suprarenal Stent Grafting: A Pictorial Essay

The endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with stent grafts is rapidly becoming an important alternative to open repair. Suprarenal stent grafting, recently modified from conventional infrarenal stent grafting, is a technique for the purpose of treating patients with inappropriate aneurysm necks. Unlike open repair, the success of endoluminal repair cannot be ascertained by means of direct examination and thus relies on imaging results. The use of conventional angiography for arterial imaging has become less dominant, while helical computed tomography angiography (CTA) has become the imaging modality of choice for both preoperative assessment and postoperative followup after treatment with stent graft implants. There is an increasing likelihood that radiologists will become more and more involved in the procedure of aortic stent grafting and in giving the radiological report on these patients treated with stent grafts. It is necessary for radiologists to be familiar with the imaging findings, including common and uncommon appearances following aortic stent grafting. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe and present normal and abnormal imaging appearances following aortic stent grafting based on helical CTA.     

Internal iliac artery embolization in the stent-graft treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms: analysis of outcomes and complications

PURPOSE: To analyze the complications of internal iliac artery (IIA) embolization in conjunction with stent-graft treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-one patients with aortoiliac (n = 47) or iliac (n = 24) aneurysms were treated with endoluminal placement of stent-grafts. Thirty-two patients (31 men, one woman; mean age, 73 years; range, 56-88 years) had embolization or occlusion of one (n = 27) or both (n = 5) IIAs. Status of the IIAs and the collateral circulation was assessed by retrospective review of angiographic images. Follow-up consisted of a standardized patient questionnaire and review of radiologic and medical records. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 35 months (range, 5-64 months). Eleven of the 47 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) (23%) and 19 of the 24 patients with iliac aneurysms (79%) required IIA embolization. One patient with AAA and another with iliac aneurysm had unintentional occlusion of an IIA by extension of the stent-graft over their origins. A total of seven patients had bilateral occlusion of the IIAs after the procedure. Additionally, the inferior mesenteric arteries (IMAs) of two other patients with AAA were also embolized. In six patients, all three vessels were occluded after placement of the stent-grafts. Symptoms were reported in nine of the 20 (45%) patients with iliac aneurysms and in three of the 12 (25%) patients with AAA. Symptoms consisted of buttock claudication (nine of 32, 28%), new sexual dysfunction (two of 16, 12%), and transient urinary retention (3%). Seven of the claudicants had resolution of symptoms after a mean interval of 14 months (range, 1-36 months). There were no instances of bowel ischemia, neurologic sequelae, or buttock necrosis related to these procedures. CONCLUSION: Embolization of the IIA is associated with symptoms in a significant number of patients. While symptoms are transient in most patients, they can be problematic. Efforts should be made to preserve the pelvic circulation if possible.