高分辨率食管测压在贲门失弛缓症经口内镜下肌切开术效果评价中的价值

目的观察经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)前后食管压力的变化,并探讨食管高分辨率测压(HRM)在评价POEM疗效中的价值。方法收集2015年8月-2016年11月在郑州大学第一附属医院确诊为AC并接受POEM治疗者38例,分别在术前、术后1周和术后1个月,采用食管HRM检测食管上扩约肌静息压(UESP)、食管下括约肌静息压(LESP)和食管下括约肌4秒完整松弛压(4s IRP),评价疗效进行回顾性分析。结果38例AC患者的POEM均顺利完成。患者术后1周、术后1个月的食管UESP分别为(45.34±26.52)和(41.27±20.09)mm Hg,与术前(49.58±26.47)mm Hg相比差异无统计学意义(t_(术后1周/术前)=0.49,t_(术后1个月/术前)=1.09,均P0.05);术后1周和术后1个月的食管LESP、4s IRP与术前相比差异均具有统计学意义(LESP:t_(术后1周/术前)=3.86,t_(术后1个月/术前)=4.86;4s IRP:t_(术后1周/术前)=4.85,t_(术后1个月/术前)=7.14;均P0.05);术后1周与术后1个月相比,UESP、LESP、4s IRP变化差异均无统计学意义(UESP:t_(术后1周/术后1个月)=0.53,LESP:t_(术后1周/术后1个月)=1.86;4s IRP:t_(术后1周/术后1个月)=1.84,均P0.05)。结论POEM后食管LESP明显降低,吞咽困难改善,食管HRM对于评价AC经POEM术的疗效有临床意义。     

再次经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效观察

目的探讨初次经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)失败后,再次POEM手术的可行性、有效性及安全性。方法选择2018年2月-2020年8月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的10例初次POEM治疗失败再次接受POEM治疗的AC患者,观察手术成功率、手术时间、术后住院时间、并发症、住院费用以及随访情况等相关指标,并对其进行统计学分析。结果所有患者均成功完成了再次POEM手术。与初次POEM相比,再次手术在住院总费用、术后住院时间、手术时间、术后禁食时间等方面无明显差异;先后两次手术均无穿孔、胸腔积液、气体相关并发症等不良事件发生,在黏膜损伤、胸痛、发热、迟发性出血等方面也相当(P 0.05)。中位随访时间8.5个月(5～28个月),再次POEM术前平均Eckardt评分5.6分(4～8分),术后Eckardt评分均≤3分,平均1.4分(1～3分)。3例患者出现临床相关胃食管反流病(GERD),其中1例复查胃镜提示反流性食管炎。结论初次POEM治疗AC失败后,再次POEM手术仍安全有效。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症临床疗效和并发症的分析

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)的临床疗效和并发症。方法对2013年1月-2015年1月该院消化内镜中心的38例AC患者进行POEM治疗,观察手术相关并发症和胃食管反流情况,并对比分析治疗前后贲门失弛缓症临床症状评分系统(ECKARDT)评分和食管下段括约肌(LES)压力变化。结果 38例均成功实施POEM手术,无1例出现与POEM相关的严重并发症,出血、气体相关并发症均保守治疗成功。术后随访时间10.4个月(9~12个月),所有患者症状缓解,ECKARDT评分平均分从术前的8.7分降至术后的1.2分(P0.01),食管括约肌压力明显降低,平均压从术前的(33.40±11.80)mm Hg下降至术后的(13.50±4.30)mm H(g P0.01),气体相关并发症6例(15.78%),食管反流总发生率为23.68%(9/38)。结论 POEM用于AC的治疗是安全、有效的,并且具有较好的远期疗效。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗44例贲门失弛缓症的疗效观察*

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)的临床疗效。方法选取2012年6月-2016年5月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院确诊为AC并接受POEM治疗的44例患者,观察患者手术前后AC临床症状评分系统(Eckardt评分)及胸部CT、食管X线造影结果,评价手术疗效。结果 44例患者均成功完成POEM,黏膜下隧道切开长度(12.9±1.1)cm,肌切开长度(9.6±2.4)cm。术后44例患者经1~39个月随访,术后Eckardt评分(1.1±1.1)分,较术前(6.6±2.0)分明显降低(P0.01)。术前、术后行胸部CT 10例,术后食管最大径均值(25.7±8.5)mm,较术前(41.5±14.9)mm明显减小(P0.01)。术前、术后行X线食管造影10例,术后食管最大径较术前缩小(29.3±16.8)%。44例患者体重由术前的(53.2±10.9)kg增加至术后的(58.3±11.7)kg,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 POEM作为治疗AC的一种新兴的微创手术,其短中期疗效确切,可以有效缓解患者吞咽困难等症状,改善患者的营养状况。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效分析（附30例报告）

目的观察分析经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)的临床疗效。方法收集2013年3月-2017年6月实施POEM的30例AC患者,评估手术前后Eckardt评分,记录食管动力测压结果、体质指数(BMI),总结手术完成情况、术后并发症及随访过程等资料。结果 30例患者行POEM治疗成功率100.0%,3例患者发现皮下气肿,2例有轻微胸骨后不适,4例有术后发热,1例发生迟发的上消化道出血。术后Eckardt评分(1.1±0.6)分与术前(5.2±1.3)分对比明显降低(P0.05),术后BMI(22.6±2.9)kg/m~2与术前(19.2±1.8)kg/m~2相比较前增加(P0.05)。食管动力学指标中,食管下括约肌静息压(LESP)术后(18.2±9.5)mm Hg对比术前(46.7±15.8)mm Hg明显降低(P0.05),食管下括约肌完整松弛压(IRP)术后(10.5±2.5)mm Hg对比术前(22.8±8.3)mm Hg也明显下降(P0.05),食管下括约肌长度(LESL)术后(2.5±0.5)cm对比术前(2.9±0.8)cm明显缩短(P0.05)。食管上括约肌静息压(UESP)和食管上括约肌长度(UESL),手术前后差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 POEM是治疗AC的有效手段,其短期疗效确切,且安全性相对较高,部分食管动力学指标较前改善,但其远期并发症及有效性还需大样本进一步随访。     

贲门失弛缓症患者行内镜下贲门括约肌切开术的护理

目的探讨内镜下贲门括约肌切开术(peroral endoscopic myotomy,POEM))治疗贲门失弛缓症(achalasia of cardia,AC)患者的护理方法。方法对85例接受POEM治疗患者给予充分的术前准备,术后重视心理疏导、疼痛护理、饮食指导、并发症处理及出院宣教。结果 85例患者均成功完成POEM术,术后恢复良好,无严重并发症。术后随访1~24个月,吞咽困难均得到缓解,患者体重较术前增加1~30 kg。结论 POEM治疗AC患者前做好评估、消化道准备,术后密切观察病情,做好饮食宣教及并发症预防护理,是取得满意效果的重要保证。     

心理护理在经口内镜下环形肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症患者中的应用

目的：探讨心理护理联合经口内镜下环形肌切开术( POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症( AC)的效果。方法选择2011年6月—2012年6月确诊AC行POEM手术患者80例,围术期给予心理干预。手术前后采用Eckardt评分比较患者AC临床症状改善情况,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表( HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表( HAMD)比较患者心理改善情况。结果80例AC患者术前Eckardt评分平均(8±3)分,术后3个月平均(2±2)分,术后6个月平均(2± 1)分,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(H=155.613,P<0.01)。术前HAMA>14分患者19例,术后3个月降至5例,手术前后患者焦虑情况比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.030,P<0.01);术前HAMD>20分患者12例,术后3个月降至3例,手术前后患者抑郁情况比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.522,P<0.01)。结论 POEM手术联合心理护理治疗AC对焦虑抑郁情绪的改善及临床症状的缓解具有良好的效果,并发症少,安全可行。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症6例护理配合

目的:探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)的护理配合。方法:对确诊为AC的6例患者实施POEM治疗,做好围术期护理配合。结果:6例患者均成功接受POEM手术,手术时间60～128 min,环形肌切开长度7～11 cm,1例出现皮下气肿,1例出现左侧气胸。术后1个月复查,6例吞咽困难均明显解除。结论:POEM作为一种新的治疗AC的方法,短期疗效肯定,可以迅速解除患者的吞咽困难,而充分的术前准备、默契的术中配合和严密的病情观察也是保证手术成功的必备条件。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失迟缓症疗效观察(附3例报告)

[目的]探讨经口内镜下括约肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)的疗效和可行性.[方法]回顾性分析2011年7月至2012年4月本院诊为AC并接受POEM治疗的3例患者的临床资料,总结术中、术后以及随访过程中并发症的发生及治疗情况.[结果]所有3例患者均成功接受POEM术,仅1例出现术后皮下气肿、气胸及气腹症,经积极对症、保守治疗后痊愈.术后随访2～3个月,3例患者吞咽困难得到明显缓解.[结论]POEM作为一种新的微创手术,治疗AC近期疗效肯定,可以迅速缓解AC患者吞咽困难,远期疗效有待进一步随访.     

经口内镜下肌切开术对贲门失弛缓症患者围术期心理状态及临床症状的影响

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)对贲门失弛缓症(AC)患者围术期心理状态及临床症状的影响。方法我院收治57例AC患者,均行POEM治疗,比较手术前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、ECKARDT症状评分及36项健康调查简表(SF-36)评分变化。结果所有患者均手术成功。患者术后SAS、SDS评分均较术前明显降低(P0. 05)。术后6个月,患者ECKARDT评分与术前比较差异有统计学意义,SF-36量表各维度评分均较术前明显增高(P 0. 05)。结论 AC患者行PEOM治疗能够显著改善患者心理状态及临床症状,提高生活质量。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.