改良经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的中远期疗效观察

目的观察改良经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)治疗腰椎滑脱症的中远期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析采用改良TLIF治疗的38例单节段腰椎滑脱症患者的临床资料,观察手术时间、术中失血量、术中硬膜囊及神经根损伤风险、术后复位情况和中远期腰椎融合情况,记录术前、术后1个月、术后1年和末次随访时(术后3年及以上)的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分,评价患者的临床疗效。结果 38例患者均顺利完成手术,术中未发生神经根及硬膜囊损伤,手术时间为(157.1±35.7) min,术中出血量为(318.5±76.7) m L;患者均获得随访,随访时间3～7年,平均4.7年;术后1个月、术后1年和末次随访时,患者腰腿痛VAS评分均低于术前,JOA评分均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05); 38例患者滑脱椎体复位良好,椎间均达到骨性融合。结论采用改良TLIF治疗腰椎滑脱症能有效降低硬膜囊和神经根损伤风险,具有手术时间短、出血少及复位良好的优势,中远期临床疗效确切。     

微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术对退行性重度腰椎滑脱症患者VAS评分及腰椎功能的影响

目的:探讨微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术对退行性重度腰椎滑脱症患者疼痛程度及腰椎功能的影响。方法:选取2016年2月~2017年11月我院收治的82例退行性重度腰椎滑脱症患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为研究组与对照组,每组41例。对照组采取传统开放术式,研究组采用微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术。比较两组的手术情况、术前及术后3个月的疼痛程度(VAS)评分及腰椎功能(ODI)评分。结果:研究组的手术用时长于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P0.05;研究组的术中失血量和术后引流量均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05;术前,两组的VAS和ODI评分相比较,差异均无统计学意义,P0.05;术后3个月,两组的VAS和ODI评分较术前降低,且研究组的VAS和ODI评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:采用微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗退行性重度腰椎滑脱症,可减少手术创伤,术后患者疼痛感较轻,有利于患者腰椎功能的恢复。     

改良的腰椎后路植骨融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的疗效

目的：探讨改良的腰椎后路椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。方法对76例腰椎退行性疾病患者均采用改良的腰椎后路椎间植骨融合术治疗,并采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）法、日本骨科协会评估治疗分数（JOA）评分法对76例患者术前、术后随访3个月时进行VAS、JOA评分。术后随访1年,行X线检查,同时观察植骨融合率的情况。结果76例患者术后随访3个月VAS得分明显低于术前、JOA得分明显高于术前（P＜0.05）。术后随访1年,X线检查示76例患者植骨块无明显移位,无断钉、断棒和松动;植骨融合率为97.4%（74/76）。结论改良的腰椎后路椎间植骨融合术是治疗腰椎退行性疾病的一种有效方法。     

双侧肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根钉棒复位融合固定治疗腰椎滑脱症的效果分析

目的探讨腰椎滑脱症患者采用双侧肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根钉棒复位融合固定治疗的效果。方法回顾性分析在我院2018年1月～2019年1月进行椎弓根钉棒复位融合固定治疗的82例腰椎滑脱症患者临床资料,将采用双侧肌间隙入路的42例患者纳入观察组,将采用正中入路的40例患者纳入对照组,术后均随访1年。比较两组临床指标,并对比两组术前及术后3d时疼痛程度,比较术前及术后1年时腰椎功能。结果观察组手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量、术后引流量少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3d,两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于术前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后1年,两组功能障碍指数(ODI)评分均低于术前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双侧肌间隙入路通道下椎弓根钉棒复位融合固定对腰椎滑脱症患者的创伤较小,可缓解术后疼痛程度,改善腰椎功能。     

后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定椎间植骨术治疗腰椎滑脱伴椎管狭窄症

【目的】分析经后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定椎间植骨（PLIF）治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效【方法】采用后路椎弓根钉棒系统复位内固定,椎间及横突间植骨治疗28例腰椎滑脱症患者,从滑脱复位结果,融合成功率,术前术后疼痛改善情况,腰部功能改善以及并发症等方面进行评价。【结果】28例患者平均随访13个月,滑脱完全复位25例,占89．3％,不完全复位3例,占10．7％。全部患者都获得植骨融合,融合率100％。27例术后腰腿痛即消失。1例术后疼痛改善,1个月后疼痛消失。所有患者3个月后腰部活动良好。伸0°～20°,屈0°～40°,左侧弯0°～25°,右侧弯0°～25°。本组患者无钉棒松动或断裂,无神经损伤等并发症。【结论】采用后路椎板减压椎弓根钉棒系统内固定椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱,具有复位良好,融合可靠,疗效确切的特点,且减少了腰椎术后并发征的发生率。     

纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66Cage后路椎间融合内固定联合H形骨板治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的：探讨后路椎管减压、单枚纳米羟基磷灰石／聚酰胺66椎间融合器（n‐HA／PA66Cage）内外植骨椎间融合、椎弓根螺钉系统内固定加H形骨板治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效,评估其术后影像学和功能情况。方法选择2011年7月至2013年4月收治的36例腰椎滑脱症患者,进行回顾性分析。手术方式采用腰椎后路椎管减压、单枚n‐HA／PA66Cage内外植骨椎间融合、椎弓根螺钉系统提拉复位内固定联合H形骨板重建椎管。术前、术后2周、末次随访测量Taillard指数、椎间隙高度、滑脱角及腰椎生理前凸角,术前、术后2周、末次随访患者疼痛视觉模拟（VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分。结果所有患者获得1年以上的随访,平均随访15个月（12～21个月）。切口一期愈合。三维CT显示Cage植骨于术后9个月内获得骨性愈合,无Cage融合器移位断裂,无椎弓根钉棒松动、断裂及滑脱再发等并发症发生。术后2周、末次随访时VAS、ODI评分较术前均明显改善;术后2周及末次随访,VAS、ODI评分差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。术后2周及末次随访Taillard指数、椎间隙高度、滑脱角及腰椎生理前凸角均较术前显著改善（P＜0．05）;但是术后2周及末次随访,各影像学指标相比,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论后路椎管减压、单枚n‐HA／PA66Cage内外植骨椎间融合、椎弓根螺钉系统内固定加H形骨板重建椎管治疗腰椎滑脱症,能提供坚强固定,复位满意,植骨融合良好,缓解疼痛,是较理想的治疗方法之一。     

后外侧植骨与椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的远期疗效比较

目的比较后外侧植骨与椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的远期疗效。方法 116例腰椎滑脱症患者分为2组。A组行椎弓根钉内固定复位横突间植骨融合术,B组行椎弓根钉固定复位椎间融合术。比较2组的滑脱复位率、复位丢失率、椎间隙高度丢失率、植骨融合率、手术疗效和并发症。结果 2组手术前后及随访时滑脱率、复位率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。B组融合率显著高于A组(P0.05)。2组手术前后及随访时的椎间隙高度与近心端第2椎间隙高度比值有显著差异(P0.05)。2组JOA评分、RIS及优良率比较无显著差异(P0.05)。2组术前及随访时下腰痛和下肢痛VAS评分比较无显著差异(P0.05)。A组并发症发生率为21.6%,显著高于B组的10.7%(P0.05)。结论与后外侧植骨相比,椎间融合术能够维持滑脱的矫正,减少术后远期并发症的出现,但两种术式的效果无显著差异。     

经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的效果观察

目的探讨单节段退变性腰椎滑脱行Wiltse入路微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术的治疗效果。方法选取收治的单节段退变性腰椎滑脱患者82例,按照手术入路不同分为研究组和参照组各41例。参照组行正中入路微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术,研究组行Wiltse入路微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术。术前、术后7d、术后随访12个月以视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)评估两组下肢痛、腰痛情况,以日本骨科协会评估治疗(JOA)评估腰椎功能,比较两组手术相关指标(术中出血量、手术时间、下地活动时间、住院时间)、术后随访12个月椎间融合情况。结果与参照组相比,研究组术中出血量较少,手术时间、下地活动时间、住院时间较短(P<0.05);术后7d,研究组JOA评分高于参照组,下肢痛、腰痛VAS评分低于参照组(P<0.05);研究组融合率(92.68%,38/41)与参照组(90.24%,37/41)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单节段退变性腰椎滑脱行Wiltse入路微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗,能减少术中出血量,减轻术后下肢、腰痛,缩短手术时间及术后恢复时间,促进腰椎功能恢复,且椎间融合效果确切,值得推广。     

微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗退行性重度腰椎滑脱症临床研究

目的研究退行性重度腰椎滑脱症采用微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗的临床效果。方法选取2014年3月至2016年3月114例退行性重度腰椎滑脱症患者作为研究对象,所有患者按入院顺序分为两组,每组57例。采用开放性手术联合腰椎内固定术治疗者作为对照组,采用微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术联合腰椎内固定治疗者作为观察组。观察两组患者手术情况、腰椎功能、疼痛情况以及并发症情况等。结果观察组手术时间明显长于对照组,出血量、住院时间明显少于对照组(P均<0.05)。治疗前两组患者Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分以及视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组ODI、JOA以及VAS评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组、对照组并发症发生率分别为3.51%、14.04%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微创经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗退行性重度腰椎滑脱症效果显著,手术创伤小,出血少,疼痛缓解明显,并发症少,值得临床应用及推广。     

后路椎间隙撑开复位联合椎弓根螺钉提拉复位椎间植骨融合治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症

[目的]探讨后路椎间隙撑开复位联合椎弓根螺钉提拉复位椎间植骨融合治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析本院2008年5月至2010年5月39例腰椎滑脱患者行后路椎间隙撑开复位联合椎弓根螺钉提拉复位椎间植骨融合术的病例临床资料,根据下腰痛JOA评分和影像学结果,评价临床疗效.[结果]全部病例腰背疼痛完全解除或者有明显缓解,按JOA评估标准,术前JOA评分(11.76±1.42)分,末次随访时JOA评分(23.49±1.92)分,改善率67.98％.滑脱完全复位率为97.4％(38/39),植骨融合良好,无内固定松动和Cage下沉及移位.按侯树勋的临床疗效评定:优35例,良2例,可2例,差0例,优良率为92.8％.[结论]后路椎间隙撑开复位联合椎弓根螺钉提拉复位椎间植骨融合术能发挥撑开、提拉复位和融合的双重作用,创伤小,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的安全、有效方法之一.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.