耳内镜下鼓膜成形术治疗鼓膜穿孔的效果观察

目的 分析耳内镜下行鼓膜成形术治疗鼓膜穿孔的效果.方法 选取重庆两江新区第一人民医院2019年1月至2020年2月收治的83例鼓膜穿孔者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为内镜组?(42例)与显微组?(41例),内镜组采用耳内镜进行鼓膜修复,显微组采用显微镜进行鼓膜修复.观察两组患者治疗有效率、手术指标、听力恢复情况及不良...     

耳内镜与显微镜下鼓膜成形术的临床疗效比较*

目的比较耳内镜下鼓膜成形术与传统显微镜下手术方式患者的临床疗效并进行分析。方法选取2015年1月-2016年12月在温州医科大学附属第二医院耳鼻咽喉科住院行鼓膜成形术患者72例(72耳),将其随机分为耳内镜手术组和显微镜手术组,其中耳内镜组和显微镜组各36例。比较两种手术方式下患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h内疼痛程度、术后平均住院时间、术后穿孔愈合及听力恢复情况等。结果耳内镜手术组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h内疼痛程度及术后平均住院时间上均优于显微镜手术组(P 0.05),两组术后鼓膜穿孔愈合率及听力改善情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论耳内镜下鼓膜成形术具有创伤小,术后疼痛反应轻等优点,同时缩短患者的住院时间,患者术后穿孔愈合及听力恢复效果与显微镜下手术相当,值得临床推广应用。     

耳内镜下采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔的疗效观察

目的探讨耳内镜下采用耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔的临床疗效。方法选取2015年11月至2018年11月鼓膜穿孔患者78例,依据鼓膜修补方案分为两组,每组39例。对照组采用耳显微镜下颞肌筋膜修补鼓膜穿孔,观察组采用耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔。比较两组围术期指标值、治疗后气导听阈及气导骨差值。随访1年,统计两组患者鼓膜愈合情况。结果术后1年,对照组鼓膜愈合率为87. 1%(34/39),观察组为94. 8%(37/39),对照组鼓膜愈合率低于观察组(P 0. 05)。对照组手术耗时、术中出血量及住院时间均大于观察组(P 0. 05)。治疗后,对照组气导听阈、气导骨差值均高于观察组(P 0. 05)。结论耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜穿孔,术中出血少,手术用时短,穿孔愈合率较高。     

耳内镜下嵌入蝶形软骨鼓膜成形术治疗鼓膜前缘穿孔效果及对患者听力恢复的影响

目的 研究耳内镜下嵌入蝶形软骨鼓膜成形术治疗鼓膜前缘穿孔效果及对患者听力恢复的影响.方法 回顾性分析2017年11月至2019年11月宣城市人民医院进行鼓膜前缘穿孔治疗的100例患者资料,依据患者的治疗方式不同,将其分为观察组与对照组,每组各50例.观察组行耳内镜下嵌入蝶形软骨鼓膜成形术,对照组行显微镜下颞肌筋膜修补术...     

耳内窥镜下鼓膜修补术治疗鼓膜穿孔的效果及对患者听力水平的影响

目的 探讨耳内窥镜下鼓膜修补术对鼓膜穿孔的治疗效果及对听力水平的影响。方法 根据不同术式将中国人民武装警察部队河南省总队医院2016年1月至2019年1月收治的136例鼓膜穿孔患者分为内窥镜组(n=80)与显微镜组(n=56),分别于耳内窥镜、显微镜下行鼓膜修补术,整理术中及术后各种临床数据,分析其临床疗效及听力恢复情况。结果 内窥镜组手术总有效率为95. 0%(76/80),显微镜组手术总有效率为92. 9%(52/56),组间比较差异未见统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组治疗前后患者听力水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05),且内窥镜组治疗后听力恢复效果明显高于显微镜组(P 0. 05);术后6个月回访,内窥镜组无面瘫、耳鸣加重、听力障碍、复发等不良反应,显微镜组有2例感染,1例复发。结论 以耳内窥镜为手段治疗鼓膜穿孔,患者鼓膜愈合率高、听力恢复显著、预后良好,有在临床上推广应用的价值。     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体行鼓室成形术对鼓膜愈合及听力恢复影响效果

目的分析耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体行鼓室成形术对鼓膜愈合及听力恢复影响效果。方法针对某院2016年1月至2017年7月收治68例(68耳)鼓膜穿孔患者诊疗经过进行分析,68例患者均在耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体行鼓室成形术治疗,观察治疗后患者鼓膜愈合及听力恢复临床效果。结果术后1个月鼓膜愈合率为94.12%,术后3～6个月鼓膜愈合率为92.65%,术后1年鼓膜愈合率为91.18%。68例患者治疗后1个月、治疗后6个月不同频率下气骨导差明显优于治疗前,且治疗后6个月气骨导差优于治疗后1个月。患者术后并发症发生率为13.24%。结论对鼓膜穿孔患者在耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体为材料进行鼓室成形术治疗,患者治疗后鼓膜愈合及听力恢复效果良好,且治疗后并发症发生率较低,临床应用具有较高安全性及有效性。     

耳内镜下鼓膜成形术在治疗鼓膜大穿孔中的应用价值分析

目的 探究耳内镜下鼓膜成形术在治疗鼓膜大穿孔中的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年2月～2019年2月我院收治的鼓膜大穿孔患者68例,均为单耳穿孔,随机分为对照组和观察组各34例。对照组行耳显微镜下鼓膜成形术,观察组行耳内镜下鼓膜成形术,比较两组手术相关指标、听力恢复情况、不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后,两组听力情况较术前均有改善,而两组术后气导阈值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 耳内镜下鼓膜成形术在治疗鼓膜大穿孔具有不错的疗效,具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、住院时间短等优点,值得推广。     

耳内镜下中央性鼓膜穿孔修补术

目的 总结耳内镜下中央性鼓膜穿孔修补术的经验,分析术后疗效.方法 回顾性分析36例耳内镜下中央性鼓膜穿孔修补手术的病例资料,术后随访3～12个月,术后1年复查纯音测听,观察术后疗效.结果 一次手术治愈35耳,术后随访贴敷治疗治愈2耳,总治愈率94.9％(37/39耳).结论 耳内镜下鼓膜修补术方便快捷,尤其是中央性鼓膜穿孔,术后可有效随访处理,提高鼓膜修补术治愈率.     

耳内镜下鼓膜成形术治疗外伤性鼓膜穿孔

目的：探讨耳内镜下应用自体耳屏软骨膜行鼓膜成形术治疗外伤性鼓膜穿孔的临床疗效。方法：对60例外伤性鼓膜穿孔患者（60耳）在耳内镜下应用自体同侧耳屏软骨膜行鼓膜成形术,观察术后鼓膜的愈合情况及听力改善情况,术后随访12个月。结果：穿孔鼓膜的愈合率达97％,气导听力提高（12．7±2．0）dBHL,术后听力较术前明显提高,术前、术后两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：耳内镜下应用自体同侧耳屏软骨膜行鼓膜成形术,具有简便易行、组织相容性和疗效好的优点。     

耳镜下与显微镜下手术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎疗效和安全性的比较

目的 比较耳镜下鼓膜成形术、耳显微镜下鼓膜成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床有效性及安全性.方法 选取濮阳市油田总医院2019年2月至2021年3月收治的74例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组37例.研究组予以耳镜下鼓膜成形术治疗,对照组行耳显微镜下鼓膜成形术治疗,记录并比较两组...     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

胃癌DNA含量与E-cad、EGFR表达的关系及其意义

目的　探讨胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR表达的关系 ,评价其在浸润、转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法　应用图像分析仪及SP免疫组化法检测 30例正常胃黏膜上皮、30例不典型增生和 5 0例胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果　①正常胃黏膜上皮、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌组的DI、PI、S %、>5c %逐渐增高 ,与胃癌分期、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。②E cad在正常胃黏膜上皮阳性表达率 10 0 % ,EGFR呈阴性表达 ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌E cad阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,EGFR的阳性表达率逐渐升高 ,且差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;E cad表达减弱、EGFR表达升高与胃癌分化差、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。③E cad表达阴性的胃癌DNA指数及EGFR表达水平显著高于E cad阳性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测DNA含量及E cad、EGFR蛋白表达有助于胃癌的早期诊断及转移潜能和预后的判断。     

Quality and suitability of antimicrobial discs: theoretical and practical sources of error and variability

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The use of antimicrobial discs remains one of the main methods for assessing antibiotic activity. Most discs are made to one of three main standards (FDA, WHO, DIN); these all describe an assay method for assessing the quality of discs using a linear method. Theory predicts a curved relationship, and this is backed up in many cases in practice. In such cases, the assays are potentially invalid. Other sources of uncertainty arising from the manufacturing processes employed are also discussed.

Areas covered: This includes error arising from applying FDA, WHO, and DIN standards, the manufacturing techniques employed, and variation in the materials used in production. The need for a specification that relates directly to the use of the discs is also discussed.

Expert opinion: Manufactured discs, some of which may be out of specification due to curvature and other sources of error, have been used to establish quality zone sizes. Quality zone sizes have then been used to measure the quality of discs. This circular quality system where there is no quantitative check is potentially unsafe. In the many decades of their use, there has been no comprehensive check on the quality of manufactured discs using quantitative, validated assays.