布地奈德肠溶微丸的制备

目的研制布地奈德肠溶微丸。方法采用挤出滚圆工艺及流化床包衣法制备了伐他汀钠肠溶肠溶微丸,并采用正交试验设计对处方进行了优化,考察了微丸的粉体学性质及不同包衣增重微丸的体外释放实验。结果制得的布地奈德微丸圆整度高、收率高、体外释放度好。结论本方法制备工艺简单易行,重现性好,值得进一步的工业化生产。     

挤出滚圆法制备盐酸多西环素肠溶微丸

目的应用挤出滚圆法及包衣锅包衣制备盐酸多西环素肠溶微丸,并对其性质进行考察。方法用挤出滚圆法制备了盐酸多西环素微丸,采用单因素考察和L9（34）正交设计筛选最优处方和工艺条件,再用包衣锅将微丸包肠溶衣,考察了微丸的粉体学性质及不同包衣增重微丸的体外释放情况。结果制得的盐酸多西环素肠溶微丸圆整度好,大小均匀,收率高。15%包衣增重的微丸在0.1 mol•L 1盐酸释放度＜10%,在pH6.8的缓冲液中释放度＞80%,体外释放较理想。结论该法制备工艺简单易行,重复性好,采用适当的包衣工艺,制得的盐酸多西环素肠溶微丸具备较理想的肠溶特征。     

挤出-滚圆和流化床包衣法制备硫普罗宁肠溶微丸的研究

目的应用挤出 滚圆法及流化床包衣制备硫普罗宁肠溶微丸，并对其性质进行考察。方法采用国产挤出 滚圆造粒机制备硫普罗宁微丸，采用L9(34)正交设计实验优化工艺条件；用微型流化床包衣设备，将微丸包肠溶衣，考察微丸的粉体学性质及不同包衣增重微丸的体外释放实验。结果制得的硫普罗宁微丸圆整度好，大小均匀。15%包衣增重的微丸体外释放比较理想。结论应用国产挤出 滚圆造粒机制备硫普罗宁微丸，工艺简便，制得的微丸质量好，采用适当的包衣工艺，可制得硫普罗宁肠溶微丸。     

埃索美拉唑镁肠溶微丸的制备

目的:采用流化床上药包衣技术制备埃索美拉唑镁肠溶微丸。方法:选择含药层药物浓度、隔离层增重、肠衣层增重为影响因素,以肠溶微丸耐酸力和释放度为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken效应面法优化肠溶微丸处方,并对最优处方进行验证。结果:最优处方为上药浓度19.16%,隔离层增重17.15%,肠衣层增重66.15%,优化处方实测值与预测值相近。结论:该处方工艺可行,重复性良好,质量稳定可靠。     

雷贝拉唑钠肠溶胶囊处方研究及稳定性考察

目的：筛选雷贝拉唑钠肠溶胶囊处方进行并考察其稳定性。方法：采用挤出滚圆和流化床包衣工艺制备雷贝拉唑钠肠溶微丸,采用L₉(3₄)正交试验设计进行载药微丸处方优化,按选定的处方制备微丸,进行隔离层和肠溶层包衣,包衣后将微丸灌装胶囊,成10mg规格,对制备的胶囊进行加速试验确定其稳定性。结果：制备的雷贝拉唑钠肠溶胶囊含量,有关物质,释放度较好,加速条件下质量稳定,稳定性较好。 结论：本工艺简单可行,样品稳定性良好,可作为雷贝拉唑钠肠溶胶囊的制备工艺。     

挤出-滚圆和流化床包衣法制备盐酸二甲双胍肠溶微丸

目的研制盐酸二甲双胍肠溶微丸。方法采用挤出-滚圆工艺和流化床包衣法制备,用正交试验设计优化处方,考察产品的体外释放度。结果制得的盐酸二甲双胍肠溶微丸圆整度高、收率高、体外释放度好。结论所用制备工艺简单易行,重现性好。     

TRH-03肠溶微丸的制备及其处方优化

目的研究TRH-03肠溶微丸的处方优化及制备工艺。方法采用流化床包衣法,以载药量及释放量为考察指标,对TRH-03肠溶微丸的处方、上药和包衣工艺进行了优化。结果制得的3批肠溶微丸圆整度好,其载药率分别为35.63%、35.04%、35.64%;在人工胃液中保持不释药,人工肠液中45min内释放率分别为89.58%、88.96%、88.36%,载药量稳定且重现性好,体外释放度符合中国药典2010年版二部的要求。结论本方法制备工艺简单易行,重复性好,适合进一步的工业化生产。     

兰索拉唑肠溶微丸的制备及处方优化

目的制备兰索拉唑肠溶微丸。方法采用流化床包衣技术,以空白丸芯为母核,依次包以主药层、隔离层、中性层和肠溶层,制备成兰索拉唑肠溶微丸,并对处方及工艺进行优化。结果按最佳处方工艺制备的3批兰索拉唑肠溶微丸释放度分别为96.4%、94.8%和94.3%。结论本方法制备的兰索拉唑肠溶微丸,工艺可行,质量可靠。     

胃肠通颗粒包衣的制备及释放度的测定

目的：筛选素丸处方及优化“胃肠通”肠溶颗粒包衣的制备工艺。方法：实验采用均匀设计,以多指标综合评分法筛选素丸的处方及工艺,用滚动凝聚法制备素丸,滚圆技术制备肠溶颗粒包衣剂,考察其释放性。结果：按优选处方,工艺制备的颗粒在酸性介质中几乎不释放,而在pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液中可迅速释放药物,40min药物累积出量可达90％以上。结论：本品处方及制备工艺合理,能达到肠溶目的,其素丸的处方及颗粒包衣工艺可作为其他肠溶中药颗粒剂的参考。     

扎来普隆脉冲释放微丸的制备及体外释放

目的制备扎来普隆脉冲释放微丸,并对其进行处方筛选与优化。方法以交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CC-Na)为内包衣溶胀层,乙基纤维素水分散体为外包衣控释层制备扎来普隆脉冲释放微丸,考察处方因素及介质pH对药物释放的影响,用Box-Behnken效应面设计法对处方进行优化。结果溶胀层厚度、组成及控释层包衣增重对微丸的时滞和释药速率均有显著影响。结论按Box-Behnken效应面设计法所得最优处方制备的微丸具有良好的延时脉冲释药效果。     

Designing, optimisation & characterization of sustained release matrix pellets prepared by extrusion spheronization containing mixture of proteolytic enzymes

A method for developing sustained release multiple unit dosage form consisting of pellets of a proteolytic enzyme blend using extrusion spheronization as a process is demonstrated in this paper. Effect of Cellulose and Methacrylate based polymers and plasticizers on stability of the enzyme blend are determined. The effect of type & concentration of the sustained release polymer, spheronization rpm and plasticizer on the yield & sphericity of pellets is studied. The results indicated that the SR pellets could be formulated for this enzyme blend using both HPMC K15 and EUDRAGIT RSPO. The best rpm for spheronization turned out to be 1200 rpm. Use of plasticizer improved yield and sphericity. Triethyl citrate was better over polyethylene glycol 400 and EUDRAGIT RSPO was better over HPMC K15 with respect to yield and sphericity of pellets. The pellets could be suitably enteric coated for protection of enzyme blend in lower pH of GIT. The in vitro release profile indicated release extension could be extended up to 12 hours in intestinal condition postulating to an acceptable bioavailablity in vivo.     

压缩方程评价不同孔体积微丸的压缩特性

采用Kawakita压缩方程评价不同孔体积微丸的压缩特性，为微丸压片工艺的研究提供科学依据。采用不同体积比例的乙醇/水混合液作黏合剂，以微晶纤维素 (MCC)、磷酸二氢钙 (DCP) /MCC (4∶1, w/w)、乳糖 (Lac) /MCC (4∶1) 为填充剂，挤出-滚圆工艺分别制备不同孔体积微丸。以Kawakita压缩方程评价前述微丸的压缩特性，结果表明高孔体积MCC微丸可压性最好，而3种孔体积的DCP/MCC (4∶1) 微丸和Lac/MCC (4∶1) 微丸没有显著差别，这与微丸压缩过程中发生的压缩机制有关，MCC微丸主要发生了塑性变形, 另外两类辅料制成的微丸则主要发生破碎，扫描电镜图直观说明了这一现象。研究结果提示微丸压片工艺发生的机制复杂, 选用不同辅料制备微丸的压缩特性各异，而高孔体积MCC微丸和不同孔体积的DCP/MCC微丸和Lac/MCC微丸可作为微丸压片过程中的缓冲颗粒，以保护含药微丸使之在压片过程中保持原有的形态和释放行为。

     

Controlled drug release from pellets containing water-insoluble drugs dissolved in a self-emulsifying system.

The aim of the study was to provide a controlled release system, which could be used for the oral administration of highly water-insoluble drugs. Pellets have been prepared by extrusion/spheronization containing two model drugs (methyl and propyl parabens) of low water solubility. One type of pellets contained the drugs mixed with lactose and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and the other types of pellets contained the model drugs dissolved in a self-emulsifying system (4.8%) consisting of equal parts of mono-diglycerides and polysorbate 80 and MCC. Pellets of all types in the same size fraction (1.4-2.0 mm) were coated to different levels of weight gain, with ethylcellulose, talc and glycerol. A sample of pellets containing methyl parabens in the self-emulsifying system was pre-coated with a film of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose from an aqueous solution and then coated as above. Dissolution experiments established that the presence of the self-emulsifying system enhanced the drug release of both model drugs and that the film coating considerably reduced the drug release from pellets made with just water, lactose and MCC. The coating reduced the drug release from the pellets containing the self-emulsifying system to a lesser extent but in relation to the quantity of coat applied to the pellets. The application of a sub-coating of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose was able to reduce the release rate of methyl parabens self-emulsifying system ethyl cellulose coated pellets. Thus, the formulation approach offers the possibility of formulating and controlling the in vitro release of water-insoluble drugs from solid oral dosage forms.     

对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸的制备及释放度研究

目的制备对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸,考察包衣处方等因素对微丸释放度的影响。方法采用离心-造粒法制备微晶纤维素空白丸核和对乙酰氨基酚微丸,并在此基础上采用甲基丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit RS30D/RL30D)包衣,制备对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸。采用HPLC法测定对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸释放度,单因素筛选包衣处方的优化参数。结果以Eudragit RS30D/RL30D比例为15:1(w/w),包衣增重为10%,柠檬酸三乙酯占包衣材料量的25%,滑石粉占包衣材料量的40%为包衣液,制备的对乙酰氨基酚释微丸释药曲线具有较好的缓释特性。结论制备的对乙酰氨基酚缓释微丸具有缓释特性且操作简便、工艺稳定。     

Suitability of κ-carrageenan pellets for the formulation of multiparticulate tablets with modified release

κ-Carrageenan is a novel pelletisation aid with high formulation robustness and quick disintegration leading to fast drug release unlike the matrix-like release from non-disintegrating microcrystalline cellulose pellets. Compression of pellets into tablets is cost effective. The feasibility of formulating multiparticulate tablets with coated κ-carrageenan pellets was investigated. Pellets containing a highly soluble drug in acid, namely bisacodyl and κ-carrageenan or MCC as pelletisation aid were prepared, enteric coated with a mixture of Kollicoat(?) MAE 30 DP and Eudragit(?) NE 30 D and compressed using silicified microcrystalline cellulose as embedding powder. The effect of coating level, type of pellet core, compression force and punch configurations on drug release were studied. A sufficient coating thickness for κ-carrageenan pellets was necessary to obtain multiparticulate tablets with adequate resistance in the acid stage regardless of the compression pressure used. While κ-carrageenan pellets and their tablets released over 80% of the drug during the neutral stage only about 20-24% was released from MCC pellets and their tablets. The type of punches used (oblong or round) did not significantly influence the drug release from the prepared tablets. Moreover, sufficient prolonged release properties were obtained with κ-carrageenan pellets containing theophylline as a model drug and coated with Kollicoat(?) SR 30 D using Kollicoat(?) IR as pore former. A lower coating level and higher amount of pore former were needed in case of theophylline pellets formulated with MCC as pelletisation aid. The sustained release properties of both coated pellet formulations were maintained after compression at different compression pressures.     

氢溴酸高乌甲素分散片的处方优化及制备

目的:制备氢溴酸高乌甲素分散片,并对其处方进行优化。方法:湿法制粒压片法制备氢溴酸高乌甲素分散片。以崩解时限、口感、片面光洁度为指标进行处方筛选,并采用正交实验设计优化处方。结果:最佳处方为氢溴酸高乌甲素-阿司帕坦-薄荷香精5∶5∶1;交联聚维酮6%;乳糖:微晶纤维素2∶1;硬度5 kg。所制片剂片面光洁,口感良好,崩解分散快,分散均匀性符合药典相关要求,释药速度较普通片快,10 min内溶出即达80%以上。结论:优化后的氢溴酸高乌甲素分散片制备方法简单,崩解迅速,分散均匀,溶出速度快,达到了设计要求。     

地拉罗司分散片的处方筛选研究

目的：筛选和优化地拉罗司分散片的处方。方法：以崩解时限和30min累积溶出度为考察指标,以稀释剂微晶纤维素（MCC）和乳糖用量、崩解剂交联聚维酮（PVPP）内加质量比、助溶剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）用量为因素,以L（3。）正交试验表对试验方案进行设计,对地拉罗司分散片处方进行筛选,并进行处方验证。结果：优化处方为MCC用量为12．5％、乳糖用量为27．5％、PVPP添加比例为18％（内加）、SDS用量为1．0％;验证试验中地拉罗司分散片在120S内完全崩解,平均30min累积溶出度为86．O％,与普通片相比具有较大优势。结论：按该处方制备的地拉罗司分散片溶出度、崩解时限等各项指标均符合要求。     

Formulation of ranitidine pellets by extrusion-spheronization with little or no microcrystalline cellulose

The present study was concerned with the feasibility of formulating ranitidine into pellets with a range of alternative excipients in place of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Eight ranitidine formulations employing two or more of the excipients lactose, barium sulfate, glyceryl monostearate, and MCC were processed by extrusion-spheronization, and characterized according to a series of physico-mechanical and dissolution criteria. Formulations containing lactose produced unsatisfactory pellets of wide size distribution and irregular shape, whereas formulations incorporating barium sulfate and glyceryl monostearate with or without MCC resulted in relatively spherical pellets of narrow size distribution and good mechanical properties. Ranitidine release was found to be rapid and virtually complete within 15 min, regardless of the pellet formulation. A direct relationship was observed between the concentration of MCC in the formulation and the properties of the pellets. In general, the higher the concentration of MCC, the rounder, stronger, and less friable the pellets. However, even pellets without MCC were also successfully prepared with a superior size distribution and shape over those with MCC. Overall, these results confirm that ranitidine can be formulated into pellet dosage forms with little or no MCC by the extrusion-spheronization process.     

泛昔洛韦缓释微丸的研制

以Eudragit RSPO和RLPO为缓释材料,采用流化床包衣技术制备了泛昔洛韦缓释微丸.采用单因素试验筛选了增塑剂种类及用量、抗黏剂粒度、Eudragit RSPO和RLPO的配比及老化时间.所得优化参数为两种包衣材料配比19∶1,增塑剂为10％聚乙二醇6000,抗黏剂为20％滑石粉(1250目),包衣增重25％,老化12h.所制缓释微丸在1.5 h(0.1 mol/L盐酸)、3h和8 h(pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液)的累积释放度分别为10％～30％、30％～70％和70％以上.药动学研究表明,本品与泛昔洛韦普通片相比具有明显的缓释特征.     

Compression of pellets coated with various aqueous polymer dispersions

Pellets coated with a new aqueous polyvinyl acetate dispersion, Kollicoat SR 30 D, could be compressed into tablets without rupture of the coating providing unchanged release profiles. In contrast, the compression of pellets coated with the ethylcellulose dispersion, Aquacoat ECD 30, resulted in rupture of the coating and an increase in drug release. Plasticizer-free Kollicoat SR coatings were too brittle and ruptured during compression. The addition of only 10% w/w triethyl citrate as plasticizer improved the flexibility of the films significantly and allowed compaction of the pellets. The drug release was almost independent of the compression force and the pellet content of the tablets. The inclusion of various tabletting excipients slightly affected the drug release, primarily because of a different disintegration rate of the tablets. The core size of the starting pellets had no influence on the drug release. Pellets coated with the enteric polymer dispersion Kollicoat 30 D MAE 30 DP [poly(methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate) 1:1] lost their enteric properties after compression because of the brittle properties of this enteric polymer. Coating of pellets with a mixture of Kollicoat MAE 30 DP and Kollicoat EMM 30 D [poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate) 2:1] at a ratio of 70/30 and compaction of the pellets resulted in sufficient enteric properties.