经内镜黏膜下植入疗法治疗胃食管反流病

胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD）是主要表现为胸骨后烧心感及胸痛，可引起严重的并发症如食管狭窄、Barrett食管和食管腺癌，严重影响病人生活质量的一种胃肠道疾病。随着人们生活水平的提高，该病的发病人数有逐渐增多的趋势，因此得到临床医生的广泛关注。目前我国的GERD发病率尚未见报道。     

胃食管反流病的内镜下治疗概述

目前,内镜下抗反流技术主要分为三大类:(1)内镜下射频消融术(Stretta手术),通过传输射频能量,造成胃食管结合部的黏膜层灼伤,随后形成瘢痕狭窄;(2)缝合技术,目的是在食管下括约肌(lower esophageal sphincter,LES)水平上制造皱褶,加固胃食管交界处(gastroesophageal junction,GEJ)的屏障;(3)注射或植入技术,目的是通过将生物聚合物注射入食管黏膜层从而使LES肿胀,控制反流。     

内镜下贲门缝合术治疗胃食管反流病的护理

总结了12例内镜直视下贲门缝合术治疗胃食管反流病患者的护理体会,认为术前病人的准备、心理护理是保证手术顺利进行的前提,术中配合及术后加强并发症的观察与护理,正确的药物治疗和指导病人的合理饮食与体位是保证手术疗效的重要措施。     

胃食管反流病

1　胃食管反流病1 1　胃内容物可逆向运动进入食管下段 ,这种一过性改变在健康人每日可出现数次 ,通常发生在餐后 ,没有症状 ,不被觉察 ,为生理性反流 ;一旦反流发展严重 ,则为胃食管反流病。它主要与膈疝、胃酸过多以及食管下括约肌 (ＬＥＳ)功能不全有关 ,其临床表现具有多样性 ,除胃灼热、反酸、胸痛和吞咽困难等典型症状外 ,还可引起一些不典型症状 ,如慢性咳嗽、哮喘、喉炎、声音嘶哑、口臭、龋齿等 ,甚至会出现抑郁、焦虑和强迫等心理异常[1] 。1 2　ＧＥＲＤ的发生与多种因素有关[2 ]1 2 1　ＬＥＳ功能不全 　病理性反流通常主要是…     

内镜下治疗胃食管反流病的网状Meta分析

目的 射频消融术（RF）、经口无切口胃底折叠术（TIF）和抗反流黏膜切除术（ARMS）是治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）的3种内镜下治疗方式,但目前缺少直接比较研究来证明哪种手术方式最佳,该文应用网状Meta分析方法,比较不同内镜下治疗方法的临床疗效。方法 搜索中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国知网（CNKI）、维普（VIP）、万方数据（WanFang Data）、Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Embase和Medline,自建库至2021年12月1日公开发表的符合纳入标准的随机对照试验（RCT）类文献,并根据Cochrane 5.1手册标准评估纳入文献的质量和偏倚风险。通过RevMan 5.4软件、ADDIS 16.6软件及Stata 19.0软件进行质量评价和网络分析。结果 (1)共纳入16项研究,总计950例患者：对照组采用质子泵抑制剂（PPI）治疗或假手术（Sham）治疗,实验组采用RF、TIF或ARMS治疗;(2)文献质量评价结果显示,11篇文献为高质量文献,其他5篇文献为低质量文献;(3)网状Meta排序结果显示：在停止服药人数方面,ARMS效果最佳,之后依次是RF...     

黄福斌治疗难治性胃食管反流病经验

难治性胃食管反流病是消化内科临床常见的疾病。黄福斌教授认为本病病因胃逆,关乎虚、痰、瘀,治疗以通降平逆、制酸护膜为主,并将其分为中虚气逆、津伤胃燥、痰气交阻、痰瘀互结等4型进行论治。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗颈段食管超长肿物1例

正本病例为颈段食管超长肿物的患者,应用内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)成功切除。不仅避免了经颈或开胸的外科手术,而且创伤小,恢复快,是一种有效的探索和尝试。1临床资料患者男,70岁,因吞咽哽噎感1年,加重伴咽痛2个月入院。1年前无明显诱因出现吞咽哽噎感,偶有反酸,与饮食无关,无进行性加重,无吞咽疼痛,无烧心,无胸闷、胸痛,至当地医院,行喉镜检查     

内镜黏膜下剥离术和黏膜切除术治疗 早期胃癌的临床对比分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）及内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）治疗早期胃癌的临床疗效。 方法 对该院2008年1月~2013年1月行内镜黏膜下剥离术及内镜下黏膜切除术后病理证实为癌前病变及早期胃癌的67例患者进行回顾性分析。将两组病灶整块切除率、组织学治愈性切除率、手术时间、并发症发生率、复发率等指标进行比较。 结果 ESD组病灶整块切除率为93.5%（29/31）,治愈性切除率为77.4%（24/31）,均高于EMR组的50.0%（18/36）及41.6%（15/36）,差异有显著性（P　<0.05）。ESD组局部复发率为3.2%（1/31）,低于EMR组[19.4%（7/36）],差异有显著性（P　<0.05）。平均手术时间ESD组为（59.3±16.8）min,长于EMR组[（31.7±17.8）min]（P　<0.05）。术中穿孔率ESD组高于EMR组,发生率分别为3.2%（1/31）和0.0%（0/36）,但差异无显著性。术中出血发生率两者差异无显著性,发生率分别为9.6%（3/31）及11.1%（4/36）。 结论 与EMR相比,ESD病灶整块切除率及组织学治愈性切除率高,局部复发率低,是治疗早期胃癌的安全有效方法。     

胃食管反流病的经口内镜下非全层治疗临床研究进展

胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)是常见的消化系统慢性疾病.近年来,GERD的内镜下治疗已成为研究热点.抗反流屏障功能减弱是GERD发生的重要机制之一,经口内镜治疗可改善抗反流屏障功能的缺陷.按治疗涉及的层次,内镜下治疗大体可分为全层治疗(如内镜下黏膜缝合、经口无切...     

胃食管反流病的治疗

胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD)是消化系统的常见病和多发病，严重影响人民的生活质量。在西方国家患病率近人口的半数左右，在我国发病率尚缺少大样本的调查，在北京等地区的发病率在5％～6％。该病主要是由于过多的胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食道，引起反酸、反食、烧心和胸骨后疼痛等症状。胃食管反流病可分为两个亚型，内镜下可见食管黏膜破损者，称糜烂性食管炎(erosive esophagitis，EE)。如果内镜检查没有明显的食管黏膜的破损，但有因胃食管反流引起的烧心、反酸等症状，24小时pH监测有异常酸暴露者，称为非糜烂性食管炎(nonerosive negative reflux disesase，NERD)。     

Test of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease

It should be considered that the causes of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are multifactorial. Esophageal manometry study is useful when we make distinguish patients with esophageal motility disorders from those with refractory GERD. Endoscopic ultrasonography is also performed to observe the thickness of esophageal wall which represents the disturbance of esophageal motor function. Esophageal pH monitoring is useful to detect the acid clearance disturbance and phenomenon of nocturnal acid breakthrough. Both are occurred at night, and are recently considered to be responsible for refractory GERD. Catheter-free pH monitoring system, Bravo, makes it possible to measure esophageal pH under quite physiological conditions. Genotype of CYP2C19 is sometimes checked in patients with PPI resistance GERD. Intra-gastric pH with omeprazole and lansoprazole depends on patient's genotype of CYP2C19. Monitoring of 24-hour bilirubin, Bilitec, is also useful to detect duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux.     

Pathogenesis and treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in Japanese patients

Prevalence of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) defined as a patient who have persistent GERD symptoms during treatment with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is rare in Japanese patinets. Pathogenesis of refractory GERD is associated with several factors including dysfunction of esophageal motility, presence of severe hiatal hernia, complication such as stricture and short esophagus, extensive metabolizer of CYP2C19 genotype, nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough, absence of H. pylori infection, or bile reflux. Examination by 24 hr pH monitoring is necessary to assess refractory GERD and if acid suppression is insufficient, treatment with double doses of PPIs or combination of PPI and H2 blocker is effective. However, most cases of refractory GERD are required surgical treatment. Endoscopic therapy might be useful for refractory GERD in future.     

Endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common chronic disorder which has a severe effect on the patient's quality of life. In view of the high cost of medical therapy and the limitations of surgery, a variety of endoscopic techniques have been developed for the treatment of this condition, and these have shown apparently encouraging results, at least in the short term. However, promising results have been obtained in only around two-thirds of patients over a short-term follow-up period of about 6 months. Moreover, several inconsistencies have emerged between the efficacy of this form of treatment in improving symptoms and quality of life and a lack of improvement of objective parameters, such as lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal acid exposure. The authors strongly endorse the need for comprehensive evaluation of clinical evidence on this topic. After an extensive evaluation of existing literature, we suggest that controlled studies are urgently needed in order to clarify the potential of endoscopic therapy, either in terms of cost-effectiveness or in comparison with standard therapy. Meanwhile, with regard to current practice, the use of endoscopic treatment should be limited to clinical trials, which should incorporate the provision of comprehensive and unbiased information to study patients.     

Endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease

The endoscopic treatment as a minimally invasive method to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) came to be tried in addition to medication and laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Clinical trials, such as the Endoluminal Gastroplication method, the Full Thickness Plicator method, the Stretta method, the Enteryx method, and the Gatekeeper method, are advancing in the United States and Europe. It is necessary to consider the efficacy, safety, durability, cost effectiveness, an indication, etc. using data from a randomized controlled trial with sufficient observation period. If the usefulness of endoscopic treatment is confirmed in the future, the new minimally invasive strategy over GERD will be established.     

Guideline for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

The endpoints should be settled before the treatment of GERD. These are symptom relief, healing and maintenance of erosive or ulcerative lesions, and also probably prevention of several complications of GERD. In medical treatment for GERD, we can take some different strategies, that is, single-agent, step-up or step-down therapy. The authors reviewed the effects of many drugs, being used for GERD therapy, and decided the levels of therapeutic effects from the view point of EBM. Using these results, we recommended that the therapy of GERD should be started with PPI of a regular dose and stepped-down in usual cases, but it should be begun with PPI and stepped-up in refractory cases. PPI may be necessary also for maintenance treatment in most latter cases. The guideline of the treatment for GERD were discussed.     

半夏厚朴汤加减治疗难治性胃食管反流病的临床疗效及机制

目的观察半夏厚朴汤加减治疗难治性胃食管反流病的疗效并探讨其机制。方法选择符合诊断标准的80例患者通过随机分配方案隐匿的方法（按顺序编码、不透光、密封的信封）分为实验组和对照组,对照组给予雷贝拉唑及莫沙必利治疗,实验组在上述西药基础上配合半夏厚朴汤加减煎服,观察8周,治疗前后分别进行胃食管反流病诊断问卷症状积分（Gerd Q）,评分及高分辨率食管测压检查。结果治疗后实验组Gerd Q积分与对照组相比有明显改善,实验组总有效率为94.74%,对照组总有效率为77.14%,且实验组食管食管下括约肌静息压力治疗后（15.01±7.79 mmHg）较治疗前（14.35±7.83 mmHg）有明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论半夏厚朴汤治疗难治性胃食管反流病临床疗效显著,可改善食管食管下括约肌静息压力。     

Diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition with a variety of clinical manifestations and potentially serious complications. This article reviews available methods for diagnosing GERD. A clinical history of the classic symptoms of GERD, heartburn or acid regurgitation, is sensitive enough to establish the diagnosis in patients without other complications. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the best way to evaluate suspected complications of GERD, but endoscopic findings are insensitive for the presence of pathological reflux, and therefore they cannot reliably exclude GERD. The "gold standard" study for confirming or excluding the presence of abnormal gastroesophageal reflux is the 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring test, and this study should be used for the evaluation of refractory symptoms and extraesophageal manifestations of GERD. A formal acid-suppression test is helpful in the evaluation of the atypical GERD symptom of noncardiac chest pain. Optimal use of currently available tests for GERD may allow for more efficient diagnosis and better characterization of the pathological manifestations associated with GERD.     

Managing gastroesophageal reflux disease

A common condition, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) involves the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. GERD may contribute to asthma, noncardiac chest pain, and other problems. This article presents trends in GERD management, including pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The authors also explore lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic therapy, and gastroenterology referral.