中国肺癌筛查与早诊早治指南

摘 要：肺癌是中国发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。筛查与早诊早治是降低人群肺癌死亡率的有效措施。制定符合中国国情的肺癌筛查与早诊早治指南,将极大推进中国肺癌筛查的同质性和优质性,提高肺癌筛查的效果。本指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局委托与指导,由国家癌症中心发起,联合多学科专家共同制定。本指南整合近年来国内外在肺癌筛查与早诊早治方面的新进展,同时考虑中国国情和肺癌筛查的实际经验,根据《世界卫生组织指南制定手册》的原则和方法,针对肺癌筛查过程中的筛查人群、技术、流程等给出了详细的循证推荐,旨在规范肺癌筛查与早诊早治实践,提升中国肺癌防控效果。     

中国胃癌筛查与早诊早治指南（2022，北京）

摘 要：胃癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁我国居民生命健康。胃癌高风险人群接受筛查和早诊早治能够有效降低胃癌的发病率和死亡率。制定符合中国国情的胃癌筛查与早诊早治指南,将促进中国胃癌筛查的同质性和规范性,提高胃癌筛查的效果。中国胃癌筛查与早诊早治指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局的委托与指导,由国家癌症中心发起,联合多学科专家,整合胃癌筛查与早诊早治领域的国内外研究进展,同时考虑中国国情和胃癌筛查的实际经验,根据世界卫生组织推荐的指南制定原则和方法,针对胃癌筛查过程中的筛查人群、技术、流程等给出了基于证据的推荐,旨在保证胃癌筛查与早诊早治效果,为中国的胃癌防控提供科学依据。     

中国前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南（2022，北京）

前列腺癌是好发于老年男性的生殖系统恶性肿瘤。前列腺癌高风险人群筛查与患者的早诊早治对提高前列腺癌治愈率至关重要。制定符合中国国情的前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南,将促进中国前列腺癌筛查的同质性和规范性,提高前列腺癌筛查的效果。《中国前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2022,北京)》受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局委托与指导,由国家癌症中心发起,联合多学科专家,根据《世界卫生组织指南制定手册》的原则和方法,整合近年来国内外在前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治方面的新进展,同时考虑中国前列腺癌筛查的实际经验,针对前列腺癌筛查对象、技术、流程、质量控制等15个关键问题给出了详细的循证推荐,旨在规范前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治实践,提升中国前列腺癌防控效果。     

中国食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2022,北京)北大核心CSCD

食管癌是我国常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁我国居民生命健康。食管癌高风险人群接受筛查和早诊早治能够有效降低食管癌的发病率和死亡率。制定符合中国国情的食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南,将促进中国食管癌筛查的同质性和规范性,提高食管癌筛查的效果。中国食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局的委托与指导,由国家癌症中心发起,联合多学科专家,整合食管癌筛查与早诊早治领域的国内外研究进展,同时考虑中国国情和食管癌筛查的实际经验,根据世界卫生组织推荐的指南制定原则和方法,针对食管癌筛查过程中的筛查人群、技术、流程等给出了基于证据的推荐,旨在保证食管癌筛查与早诊早治效果,为中国的食管癌防控提供科学依据。     

中国食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2022, 北京)

食管癌是我国常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一, 严重威胁我国居民生命健康。食管癌高风险人群接受筛查和早诊早治能够有效降低食管癌的发病率和死亡率。制定符合中国国情的食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南, 将促进中国食管癌筛查的同质性和规范性, 提高食管癌筛查的效果。中国食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局的委托与指导, 由国家癌症中心发起, 联合多学科专家, 整合食管癌筛查与早诊早治领域的国内外研究进展, 同时考虑中国国情和食管癌筛查的实际经验, 根据世界卫生组织推荐的指南制定原则和方法, 针对食管癌筛查过程中的筛查人群、技术、流程等给出了基于证据的推荐, 旨在保证食管癌筛查与早诊早治效果, 为中国的食管癌防控提供科学依据。     

中国前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2022, 北京)

前列腺癌是好发于老年男性的生殖系统恶性肿瘤。前列腺癌高风险人群筛查与患者的早诊早治对提高前列腺癌治愈率至关重要。制定符合中国国情的前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南, 将促进中国前列腺癌筛查的同质性和规范性, 提高前列腺癌筛查的效果。中国前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局委托与指导, 由国家癌症中心发起, 联合多学科专家, 根据《世界卫生组织指南制定手册》的原则和方法, 整合近年来国内外在前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治方面的新进展, 同时考虑中国前列腺癌筛查的实际经验, 针对前列腺癌筛查对象、技术、流程、质控等15个关键问题给出了详细的循证推荐, 旨在规范前列腺癌筛查与早诊早治实践, 提升中国前列腺癌防控效果。     

中国肺癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2021,北京)

肺癌是中国发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。筛查与早诊早治是降低人群肺癌死亡率的有效措施。制定符合中国国情的肺癌筛查与早诊早治指南,将极大推进中国肺癌筛查的同质性和优质性,提高肺癌筛查的效果。指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局委托与指导,由国家癌症中心发起,联合多学科专家共同制定。指南整合近年来国内外在肺癌筛查与早诊早治方面的新进展,同时考虑中国国情和肺癌筛查的实际经验,根据世界卫生组织指南制定手册的原则和方法,针对肺癌筛查过程中的筛查人群、技术、流程等给出了详细的循证推荐,旨在规范肺癌筛查与早诊早治实践,提升中国肺癌防控效果。     

中国结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治指南（2020，北京）

摘 要：结直肠癌是威胁我国居民生命健康的主要癌症之一,造成了严重的社会负担。大量研究和实践表明,结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治是降低人群结直肠癌死亡率的有效措施。参考国际指南制定标准制定符合我国国情的结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治指南势在必行。本指南由国家癌症中心发起,联合多学科专家,采用世界卫生组织推荐的指南制定原则和方法,针对结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治相关专业人员所关注的13个临床问题,给出了详细的循证推荐,旨在规范结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治实践,提升我国结直肠癌防控效果。     

《中国女性乳腺癌筛查指南》解读（精简版）

乳腺癌是中国女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，早期筛查是提高乳腺癌早诊早治最佳途径。中国女性乳腺癌发病高峰年龄与欧美国家乳腺癌发病高峰年龄明显不同，制定适合中国女性特点的群体性乳腺癌筛查指南势在必行。中国抗癌协会与国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心（天津医科大学肿瘤医院）组织专家在分析总结中国女性乳腺癌筛查数据的基础上，参考欧美及东亚等国家的最新乳腺癌筛查指南或共识，分别从筛查起始年龄、筛查方法、筛查时间间隔3个方面，针对中国女性乳腺癌一般风险人群和高危风险人群制定以人群为基础的《中国女性乳腺癌筛查指南》，本文对该指南进行解读以供乳腺癌筛查相关人士参考。      

中国癌症早诊早治的策略与实践

[目的]探讨中国癌症早诊早治的策略。[方法]采用资料分析、案例研究、工作总结等方法。分析20世纪70～80年代癌症高发现场早诊早治工作的经验与教训，提出推动癌症早诊早治的策略并加以实践。[结果]制定“中国癌症筛查及早诊早治指南”,建立癌症早诊早治示范基地,开展中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金癌症早诊早治项目等。在此基础上，讨论了癌症早诊早治工作可持续发展面临的问题及对策，提出未来的工作目标。[结论]有关癌症早诊早治的策略及实践符合中国的国情，相关讨论有助于工作的进一步开展。     

Effectiveness of mass screening for breast cancer in Japan

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer screening has been conducted in Japan mainly by physical examination, the standard method for breast cancer screening according to the Law of Health Services for the Elderly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mass screening for breast cancer in Japan. METHODS: We calculated the average coverage-rates for breast cancer screening per year from 1986 to 1995 for women aged 30-69 years for all of the 3255 municipalities in Japan, selecting "high coverage-rate" municipalities with average coverage-rates of 20%, 30%, 40% or more. Two municipalities were selected as "controls" for each high coverage-rate municipality, and were matched for population, National Health Insurance rate, and the age-adjusted death rate from cancer of the female breast in the period 1986-90. We compared the change in the age-adjusted death rate from 1986-90 to 1991-95 of the high coverage-rate municipalities and the comparable controls. RESULTS: The percent reduction in the age-adjusted death rate from cancer of the breast in the high coverage-rate municipalities was statistically significantly greater than those in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that mass screening for female breast cancer, mainly by physical examination, contributed to the reduction of mortality from breast cancer.     

Brustkrebs-Früherkennung in Deutschland

The guideline Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Germany aims to assist physicians, healthy women, and patients in decision making with recommendations based on evidence and formal consensus regarding the diagnostic chain of health care for early detection of breast cancer. This guideline updates the previous version of 2003. The guideline is a precondition to establishing an effective and efficient national early breast cancer detection program in accordance with the requirements of the European Council and the World Health Organization for cancer control programs. The core imaging technique of an early detection program is mammography, whether used for screening or diagnosis. Breast health care outcomes can be improved by embedding this imaging technology in a quality-assured diagnostic chain. The guideline comprises areas of present scientific and medical knowledge, based on evidence and consensus and covering all multidisciplinary aspects of the diagnostic chain, including clinical history taking, risk consultation and communication, breast health awareness, physical breast examination, breast imaging, interventional guided biopsy, excision biopsy, and breast pathology. The guideline provides formal measures as quality indicators to ensure resource availability, process quality, and outcome of the diagnostic chain. Early detection of breast cancer is presently the most promising chance for optimizing diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in order to reduce mortality and morbidity while improving survivors’ quality of life. The aim is to detect breast cancer as a noninvasive disease or an invasive disease at an early stage, with a 5-year survival rate of more than 90% with adequate treatment. Detecting more noninvasive breast cancer might even help reduce the incidence. Within the scope of secondary prevention, early detection offers the chance of cure at an early disease stage by less intensive treatment.     

Cancer screening in the United States, 2016: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Each year the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its guidelines for early cancer detection, data and trends in cancer screening rates, and select issues related to cancer screening. In this issue of the journal, we summarize current ACS cancer screening guidelines, including the update of the breast cancer screening guideline, discuss quality issues in colorectal cancer screening and new developments in lung cancer screening, and provide the latest data on utilization of cancer screening from the National Health Interview Survey. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:95–114. © 2016 American Cancer Society.     

Cancer screening in the United States, 2017: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Each year, the American Cancer Society publishes a summary of its guidelines for early cancer detection, data and trends in cancer screening rates, and select issues related to cancer screening. In this issue of the journal, the authors summarize current American Cancer Society cancer screening guidelines, describe an update of their guideline for using human papillomavirus vaccination for cancer prevention, describe updates in US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for breast and colorectal cancer screening, discuss interim findings from the UK Collaborative Trial on Ovarian Cancer Screening, and provide the latest data on utilization of cancer screening from the National Health Interview Survey. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:100–121. © 2017 American Cancer Society.     

乳腺癌筛查研究进展

乳腺癌是危害全世界女性健康最常见的恶性肿瘤.乳腺癌筛查是公认的能够有效提高女性乳腺癌生存率的主要方法.目前国内外常用的乳腺癌筛查手段包括乳房X线摄影术(钼靶X线摄影)、超声成像、临床乳腺检查和磁共振成像等.本文对这些筛查手段的优缺点进行了比较,并对基于这些手段建立的不同筛查方案在人群中的应用效果和卫生经济学评价进行综述,以期为建立符合中国国情的具有成本-效果的女性乳腺癌筛查策略提供参考和依据.     

Breast cancer prevention and control programs in Malaysia

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Malaysian females. The National Cancer Registry in 2003 and 2006 reported that the age standardized incidence of breast cancer was 46.2 and 39.3 per 100,000 populations, respectively. With the cumulative risk at 5.0; a woman in Malaysia had a 1 in 20 chance of developing breast cancer in her lifetime. The incidence of cancer in general, and for breast cancer specifically was highest in the Chinese, followed by Indians and Malays. Most of the patients with breast cancers presented at late stages (stage I: 15.45%, stage II: 46.9%, stage III: 22.2% and stage IV: 15.5%). The Healthy Lifestyles Campaign which started in the early nineties had created awareness on breast cancer and after a decade the effort was enhanced with the Breast Health Awareness program to promote breast self examination (BSE) to all women, to perform annual clinical breast examination (CBE) on women above 40 and mammogram on women above 50. The National Health Morbidity Survey in 2006 showed that the prevalence rate of 70.35% by any of three methods of breast screening; 57.1% by BSE, 51.8% by CBE and 7.6% by mammogram. The current screening policy for breast cancer focuses on CBE whereby all women at the age of 20 years and above must undergo breast examination by trained health care providers every 3 years for age between 20-39 years, and annually for age 40 and above. Several breast cancer preventive programs had been developed by various ministries in Malaysia; among which are the RM50 subsidy for mammogram by the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development and the SIPPS program (a call-recall system for women to do PAP smear and CBE) by the Ministry of Health. Measures to increase uptake of breast cancer screening and factors as to why women with breast cancer present late should be studied to assist in more development of policy on the prevention of breast cancer in Malaysia.     

Cancer screening in the United States, 2018: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening

Each year, the American Cancer Society publishes a summary of its guidelines for early cancer detection, data and trends in cancer screening rates from the National Health Interview Survey, and select issues related to cancer screening. In this 2018 update, we also summarize the new American Cancer Society colorectal cancer screening guideline and include a clarification in the language of the 2013 lung cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:297–316 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .     

早期乳腺癌女性患者的骨健康管理中国专家共识(2022年版)

早期乳腺癌女性患者的骨健康管理包括骨丢失的管理和骨转移的预防.随着早期乳腺癌患者生存期不断延长,这些患者的骨健康问题受到广泛关注,但目前临床上尚无系统的管理方案及诊疗措施.因此,中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会和长江学术带乳腺联盟组织相关专家,基于国内外指南及循证医学证据,深入探讨并制定了《早期乳腺癌女性患者的骨健康管理中...