腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合不同抗反流术式治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的临床比较

目的探讨并比较腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合不同抗反流术式治疗食管裂孔疝(HH)合并胃食管反流病(GERD)的效果。方法回顾性分析该院2014年1月-2017年1月行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合抗反流术治疗的HH合并GERD患者67例的病例资料。根据抗反流术式的方法分为3组,其中29例采用腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术(Nissen组),18例行腹腔镜Toupet胃底折叠术(Toupet组),20例行腹腔镜Dor胃底折叠术(Dor组)。比较3组手术情况及术后恢复情况,术后随访1年,观察手术前后胃镜、高分辨率食管测压及24 h食管pH监测结果,发放GERD-Q症状评分评估患者GERD症状,使用GERD相关生命质量量表(GERD-HROL),记录两组术后并发症发生率、手术失效率及复发率。结果 3组患者手术情况、术后恢复情况及术后第1年胃镜检查情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);Toupet组术后1年食管下括约肌(LES)静息呼吸平均值低于Nissen组和Dor组,反流时间、反流次数、无效吞咽高于Nissen组和Dor组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05),但Nissen组和Dor组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),3组术后1年LES静息压最小值、24 h pH阻抗监测、DeMeester评分、GERD-Q症状评分和GERD-HROL量表评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);3组患者术后并发症发生率、手术无效率及复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合3种胃底折叠术治疗HH合并GERD均可起到抗反流的效果,但Nissen和Dor手术在改善LES静息呼吸压力值、反流和无效吞咽方面的效果优于Toupet手术。     

胃食管反流病各亚型的食管测压分析

目的探讨胃食管反流病(GERD)各临床亚型的食管测压变化,以评价其临床价值。方法收集GERD患者150例,其中非糜烂性反流病(NERD)91例、反流性食管炎(RE)32例、Barrett食管(BE)27例,采用4导液压灌注食管压力检测系统测定患者食管下括约肌压力(LESP)和食管体部运动功能。结果 NERD和RE中,食管体部运动功能障碍的发生率与LESP异常的发生率比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),前者高于后者;而在BE患者中,食管体部运动功能障碍的发生率与LESP异常的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GERD各亚型中,食管体部运动功能异常的发生率不同,NERD组最高,RE组次之,BE组最低。各亚型LESP异常的发生率亦不同。结论 NERD和RE的动力异常主要表现为食管体部运动功能障碍而非LESP压力下降,食管体部功能障碍可能在GERD发病中起着更重要的作用。     

食管动力指标联合食管pH值检测在胃食管反流病合并抑郁患者病情评估中的临床价值

目的 研究食管动力指标联合食管pH值检测在胃食管反流病(GERD)合并抑郁患者病情评估中的临床价值。方法 以回顾性分析为法,观察对象为2020年1月至2022年1月入海南医学院第一附属医院的80例GERD患者,参考是否合并抑郁分为研究组(合并抑郁,37例)与对照组(无抑郁,43例)。比较两组患者食管动力指标、食管pH值;同时,比较不同类型GERD[反流性食管炎(RE),非糜烂性反流病(NERD)]合并抑郁患者的食管动力指标、食管pH值及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,并分析SDS评分与食管动力指标、食管pH值的相关性。结果 研究组远端收缩积分(DCI)、食管下括约肌压力(LESP)均明显低于对照组,DeMeester评分、pH<4大于5 min反流次数、pH<4反流次数、立位pH<4的时间比率、pH<4的总时间比率、收缩前沿速度(CFV)均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组GERD合并抑郁患者中,RE患者的LESP明显低于NERD患者,SDS评分、DeMeester评分、pH<4大于5 min反流次数、pH<4的总时间比率明...     

高分辨率食管测压联合食管24h pH-阻抗监测在胃食管反流病中的作用

目的探究食管24 h pH-阻抗监测、高分辨率食管测压在胃食管反流病(GERD)中的作用.方法选取某院2017年4月至2019年4月GERD患者72例,其中糜烂性食管炎(EE)39例(E组)、非糜烂性反流病(NERD)33例(N组),同期选取健康体检者30例为对照组,均行高分辨率食管测压、食管24 h pH-阻抗监测.对比三组收缩前沿速度(CFV)、远端收缩积分(DCI)及pH<4次数、最长反流时间.结果E组、N组CFV、DCI较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);E组CFV、DCI较N组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);E组、N组上下电极pH<4次数较对照组高,最长反流时间较对照组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);E组上下电极pH<4次数较N组高,最长反流时间较N组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论食管24 h pH-阻抗监测、高分辨率食管测压结果提示酸反流、食管动力障碍为GERD重要发病机制,且EE患者酸反流、食管动力障碍较明显.     

巴氯芬治疗GERD患者的效果及对食管动力学参数的影响

【目的】探讨巴氯芬治疗胃食管反流性疾病(GERD)的效果及对患者食管动力学参数的影响。【方法】前瞻性选择2018年1月至2019年12月本院收治的84例GERD患者为研究对象,根据随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各42例。两组均给予奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊、枸椽酸莫沙必利等药物治疗,观察组同时给予巴氯芬治疗,两组均治疗2个月。比较两组上食管括约肌压力、下食管括约肌压力、压力带分离长度、无效吞咽百分比的变化,并统计两组患者临床治疗疗效。【结果】观察组患者烧心症状、反流症状缓解时间显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组临床有效率为92.86%(39/42),显著高于对照组的76.19%(32/42),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.459,P=0.035<0.05)。两组患者下食管括约肌压力、压力带分离长度大于治疗前,无效吞咽百分比低于治疗前,且观察组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血清CCK、GAS较本组治疗前均增高,MTL水平较治疗前均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】巴氯芬治疗GERD患者能及时缓解临床症状、改善食管动力学参数,对提高临床效果具有重要意义。     

氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管的疗效观察

目的:观察氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管的疗效。方法:应用APC方法治疗Barrett食管患者,以药物治疗为对照,观察其疗效。结果:治疗组和对照组患者临床症状消失或明显缓解率无明显差异(P>0.05),内镜下表现及组织学表现差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论:氩离子凝固术联合抑酸治疗BE有效,治愈率高、安全。     

奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮片在老年反流性食管炎患者中的临床应用观察

目的观察奥美拉唑联合多潘立酮片治疗老年反流性食管炎患者的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年12月于我院诊治的反流性食管炎老年患者共76例,因治疗方案不同分为观察组和对照组各38例。对照组采取多潘立酮片治疗方案,观察组采取多潘立酮片+奥美拉唑治疗。对比不同治疗方案下患者的食管压力及pH值、内镜积分、炎症因子水平以及临床疗效差异。结果治疗前,两组食管压力、pH值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者食管压力均增加,观察组压力水平高于对照组,pH值低于4的百分比小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组内镜检查积分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组内镜积分均下降,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-8水平均下降,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者临床总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论多潘立酮片与奥美拉唑联合应用具有更满意的RE治疗效果,可更好改善内镜积分、食管压力、食管Ph值及临床效果,降低炎症反应程度。     

内镜下套扎、硬化剂及组织胶栓塞联合治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床研究

目的研究内镜下套扎、硬化剂及组织胶栓塞联合治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床效果。方法采用回顾性分析方法,研究对象为2018年1月至2019年6月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的220例食管胃底静脉曲张出血患者。根据不同治疗方式分为对照组(n=100)和研究组(n=120)。对照组单用内镜下套扎治疗,研究组联用内镜下套扎、硬化剂及组织胶栓塞联合治疗。比较2组患者术前、术后3 d静脉曲张严重程度、疼痛评分、食管静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度与治疗后止血成功率、早期再出血率和迟发性再出血率。结果2组患者术前静脉曲张严重程度、疼痛评分、食管静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者术后3 d中重度静脉曲张率、疼痛评分、食管静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度较术前明显降低(P<0.05);研究组术后3 d中重度静脉曲张率、疼痛评分、食管静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度、早期再出血率、迟发性再出血率较对照组更低,止血成功率较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论食管胃底静脉曲张出血治疗中内镜下套扎、硬化剂及组织胶栓塞联合应用效果显著,可有效减轻患者静脉曲张严重程度及疼痛,降低再出血率。     

腹腔镜下近端胃癌根治术中食管胃前壁吻合对术后胃食管反流和营养状况的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜下近端胃癌根治术中食管胃前壁吻合在改善术后胃食管反流和营养状况方面的作用。方法 选取2020年4月至2022年4月在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院就诊的78例近端胃癌患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,每组39例。所有患者均行腹腔镜下近端胃癌根治术,对照组患者给予传统吻合术,研究组患者给予腹腔镜下食管胃前壁吻合术。观察并记录两组患者手术用时、术中出血量、胃肠蠕动恢复时间、胃液引流量和住院时间。采用DeMeester法评价术后胃食管反流情况,采用胃镜观察吻合口狭窄情况。分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月和术后12个月,检测两组患者血红蛋白(Hb)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)水平。结果 两组患者手术用时和术中出血量比较,差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组胃肠蠕动恢复时间、胃液引流量和住院时间均明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组患者胃食管反流和吻合口狭窄发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者Hb水平交互差异未见统计学意义(FHb_交互=0.242,PHb_交互=0.867),组间(FH...     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血胃镜下套扎治疗的疗效观察

目的观察肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血胃镜下套扎治疗的疗效。方法抽取我院于2015年2月～2017年4月收治的103例肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血患者为研究对象。根据患者治疗方法不同将其分为对照组43例和观察组60例。对照组给予常规内镜下套扎治疗,观察组予内镜下食管胃底静脉曲张精准断流术(ESVD)治疗,观察两组治疗效果,记录两组治疗后生活质量评分、并发症发生情况及复发情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后GQOL-74评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);随访1年,观察组复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胃镜下套扎治疗用于肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血患者,疗效显著,术后并发症及复发率低,治疗安全性尚可,有助于缩短患者的住院时间。     

Controversies in Barrett Esophagus

Barrett esophagus develops when metaplastic columnar epithelium predisposed to develop adenocarcinoma replaces esophageal squamous epithelium damaged by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Although several types of columnar metaplasia have been described in Barrett esophagus, intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells currently is required for a definitive diagnosis in the United States. Studies indicate that the risk of adenocarcinoma for patients with nondysplastic Barrett esophagus is only 0.12% to 0.38% per year, which is substantially lower than previous studies had suggested. Nevertheless, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma continues to rise at an alarming rate. Regular endoscopic surveillance for dysplasia is the currently recommended cancer prevention strategy for Barrett esophagus, but a high-quality study has found no benefit of surveillance in preventing deaths from esophageal cancer. Medical societies currently recommend endoscopic screening for Barrett esophagus in patients with multiple risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma, including chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, age of 50 years or older, male sex, white race, hiatal hernia, and intra-abdominal body fat distribution. However, because the goal of screening is to identify patients with Barrett esophagus who will benefit from endoscopic surveillance and because such surveillance may not be beneficial, the rationale for screening might be made on the basis of faulty assumptions. Endoscopic ablation of dysplastic Barrett metaplasia has been reported to prevent its progression to cancer, but the efficacy of endoscopic eradication of nondysplastic Barrett metaplasia as a cancer preventive procedure is highly questionable. This review discusses some of these controversies that affect the physicians and surgeons who treat patients with Barrett esophagus. Studies relevant to controversial issues in Barrett esophagus were identified using PubMed and relevant search terms, including Barrett esophagus, ablation, dysplasia, radiofrequency ablation, and endoscopic mucosal resection.     

内镜检查中反流性食管炎及相关因素的调查分析

目的探讨内镜检查中反流性食管炎及其相关因素如食管裂孔疝的发病情况及临床特点。方法回顾我院1999年1月-2000年12月胃镜检查资料，检出符合标准的反流性食管炎、食管裂孔疝及其它与食管炎相关的病例，分析各种病例检出情况、临床特点及合并症。结果反流性食管炎167例，检出率3．85％；食管裂孔疝101例，检出率2、47％；其中反流性食管炎合并食管裂孔疝66例(39．52％)，而食管裂孔疝中61．68％合并反流性食管炎；反流性食管炎合并十二指肠溃疡并不全梗阻37例(22．16％)，胆汁反流7例(4．19％)，急性胃黏膜病变4例(2．39％)，残胃6例(3．59％)。另外，反流性食管炎中有20例(11．97％)患者表现为贲门松弛。食管炎合并食管裂孔疝的患者较单纯食管裂孔疝的患者年龄明显增大，前者58、88岁，后者40．03岁。合并食管炎的食管裂孔疝患者反酸、烧心症状的发生率较单纯裂孔疝高。结论反流性食管炎与很多因素有关，食管裂孔疝为反流性食管炎的重要病因，随着年龄增大食管裂孔疝合并反流性食管炎的机率增加、尤其是老年人伴有反流症状的更要引起注意。     

Pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett esophagus

Barrett esophagus is a metaplastic condition that affects the lower esophagus and is a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Under normal circumstances, the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus is prevented by a complex barrier at the esophagogastric junction. Dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter and the presence of a hiatal hernia lead to failure of this barrier. Esophageal mucosal damage results from the chronic exposure of the esophageal mucosa to gastroduodenal contents and the lack of an effective mucosal defense. This article is an overview of the dysfunction of the esophagogastric junction that leads to GERD. The role of the contents of the reflux and that of Helicobacter pylori infection in the pathogenesis of Barrett esophagus are also summarized.     

Barrett Esophagus

Barrett esophagus is a metaplastic change in the lining of the distal esophageal epithelium, characterized by replacement of the normal squamous epithelium by specialized intestinal metaplasia. The presence of Barrett esophagus increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma several-fold. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a malignancy with rapidly rising incidence and persistently poor outcomes when diagnosed after the onset of symptoms. Risk factors for Barrett esophagus include chronic gastroesophageal reflux, central obesity, white race, male gender, older age, smoking, and a family history of Barrett esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Screening for Barrett esophagus in those with several risk factors followed by endoscopic surveillance to detect dysplasia or adenocarcinoma is currently recommended by society guidelines. Minimally invasive nonendoscopic tools for the early detection of Barrett esophagus are currently being developed. Multimodality endoscopic therapy—using a combination of endoscopic resection and ablation techniques—for the treatment of dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma is successful in eliminating intestinal metaplasia and preventing progression to adenocarcinoma, with outcomes comparable to those after esophagectomy. Risk stratification of those diagnosed with Barrett esophagus is a challenge at present, with active research focused on identifying clinical and biomarker panels to identify those with low and high risk of progression. This narrative review highlights some of the challenges and recent progress in this field.     

Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the most common and expensive digestive disease with complex and multi-factorial pathophysiologic mechanisms. Transient inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter is the predominant mechanism in the majority of patients with mild to moderate disease. Hiatal hernias and a reduced lower esophageal sphincter pressure have a significant role in patients with moderate to severe disease. Typical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease include heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia. Atypical symptoms, such as noncardiac chest pain, pulmonary manifestations of asthma, cough, aspiration pneumonia, or ENT manifestations of globus and laryngitis, can be seen in patients with or without typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Endoscopy and ambulatory pH tests are best to evaluate the anatomic and physiologic impact ofgastroesophageal reflux disease. Complications of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease include peptic strictures and Barrett metaplasia. Barrett esophagus is a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, and upper endoscopy with surveillance biopsies is recommended for patients with Barrett esophagus. Medical therapy with anti-secretory agents (H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors) is effective for most patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surgical fundoplications and endoscopic treatment modalities are mechanical treatment options for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.     

老年反流性食管炎患者的临床特点及食管运动功能分析

【摘要】目的探讨老年反流性食管炎（RE）患者的临床表现、内镜、幽门螺杆菌（Up）感染及食管运动功能特点,为老年RE患者的治疗提供理论依据。方法选取我院近3年来经内镜诊断并行食管测压及食管24hpH值监测的老年RE患者56例与同期检出的中青年RE患者58例,分析两组患者的临床表现、内镜、Hp感染及食管运动功能特点。结果老年组反酸、胃灼热的发生率明显低于中青年组（P〈0．05）。老年组轻中度食管炎发生率低于中青年组,重度食管炎发生率高于中青年组,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。老年组食管裂孔疝（HH）合并率显著高于中青年组（P〈0．05）。老年组伴发Barrett食管（BE）7例（12．5％）,中青年组3例（5．2％）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。老年组Hp阳性率29．6％;中青年组Hp阳性率26．4％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。老年组下食管括约肌压力（LESP）、食管体部压力明显低于中青年组（P〈O．05）。反流〉5min次数老年组明显高于中青年组（P〈0．05）。结论老年RE患者的典型症状发生率明显低于中青年人,非典型症状高于中青年人。RE食管黏膜破损程度随年龄增加而加重。老年RE患者HH的发生率增加,BE发生率较中青年人有增高趋势,Hp感染率与中青年RE患者相近。老年人RE患者抗反流能力减弱、食管酸廓清能力下降明显,可出现更严重的食管运动功能障碍。     

腹腔镜抗反流手术在基层医院的应用*

目的研究腹腔镜胃底折叠术联合食管裂孔疝(HH)修补术治疗胃食管反流病(GERD)合并HH在基层医院应用的安全性和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年1月-2018年1月共56例行腹腔镜胃底折叠术联合HH修补术治疗的GERD合并HH患者的临床资料。结果手术均获成功,无中转剖腹,手术时间56~180 min,平均(68.4±3.6)min,术中出血量30~200 ml,平均(40.3±5.6)ml,无严重并发症及死亡。所有患者术后密切随访6~24个月;术后半年GERD-Q量表评分和De Meester评分较术前均明显降低(P 0.05),食管下括约肌(LES)静息压较术前明显升高(P 0.05);术后1或2年随访48例患者临床症状完全消失、6例症状明显减轻、2例无效,上消化道X线钡餐检查无HH复发及消化道梗阻。结论在基层医院,腹腔镜胃底折叠术联合HH修补术治疗GERD合并HH是安全有效的,临床疗效满意。     

Schatzki环研究进展

Schatzki环(SR)是一种食管贲门交界处的黏膜环,可引起食管狭窄,是间歇性固体食物吞咽困难、食物嵌顿最常见原因之一。其病因尚不明确,可能与胃食管反流有关。SR可与食管裂孔疝、Barrett食管及嗜酸细胞性食管炎等一些食管疾病并存。其最主要的诊断方法是上消化道钡剂造影。有症状的SR可以使用抑酸药物治疗、内镜下治疗及外科手术。     

Effects of hiatal hernia,reflux esophagitis,and glucagon on the quality of double-contrast esophagram

The possible effect of hiatal hernia, reflux esophagitis, and glucagon on the quality of the double-contrast esophagram was studied in 177 patients. Overall, the quality of the double-contrast esophageal views were judged poor in 46 (26%) patients and good in 131 (74%). No significant improvement in quality was evident in patients receiving glucagon, or in those with hiatal hernia or documented reflux esophagitis. Although the presence of gastroesophageal reflux or the lowering of esophageal sphincter pressure by glucagon would be expected to promote gaseous reflux from the stomach, no improvement in the quality of the double-contrast views of the esophagus was evident in our study.