关节镜下双后内侧入路双骨道单纯“8”字缝线治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效分析

目的 研究关节镜下双后内侧入路双骨道单纯“8”字缝线治疗后交叉韧带（PCL）胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床效果。方法 选取该院2016年2月－2020年4月PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折的患者12例,给予关节镜下双后内侧入路双骨道单纯“8”字缝线治疗,对术前和术后末次随访时,膝关节活动范围、国际膝关节文献委员会（IKDC）评分、视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Lysholm膝关节功能评分、反Lachman试验和后抽屉试验进行评价。结果 12例患者术中均无副损伤,随访时间为12～24个月,平均（18.92±4.17）个月,术后末次随访时,反Lachman试验阴性,后抽屉试验阴性,膝关节活动度为（128.75±2.26）°,IKDC评分为（82.92±3.34）分,VAS为（1.17±0.39）分,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（85.00±3.02）分,较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 关节镜下双后内侧入路双骨道单纯“8”字缝线治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,临床疗效确切,值得推广。     

手术治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折

目的探讨膝关节后内侧入路手术内固定治疗手术后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的临床效果。方法对15例交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折患者行膝后倒＂L＂形小切口显露,解剖复位骨折,予以中空螺钉及带线锚钉内固定。术后随访6个月,收集骨折复位、愈合及关节稳定性、活动度以及Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准评估膝关节功能恢复情况。结果术后8~13周均骨性愈合,未见位移。术后6个月,有2例后抽屉试验弱阳性,1例轻度屈膝受限,无伸膝受限,Lysholm膝关节功能评分（92.0±2.4）分。结论膝后内侧入路中空螺钉及带线锚钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折操作简单、安全、效果可靠。     

带袢钢板联合缝线技术治疗前交叉韧带止点骨折效果分析

目的:探讨带袢钢板联合缝线技术治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取2017年1月～2018年1月收治的前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折患者20例,均采用关节镜下带袢钢板联合缝线技术行前交叉韧带胫骨止点重建术治疗,采用Lysholm评分评估患者术前、术后膝关节功能,观察骨折愈合及并发症发生情况。结果:患者均进行随访,平均随访时间6个月,末次随访患者Lysholm膝关节功能评分及主动屈伸范围改善,未出现骨折移位及膝关节不稳情况。结论:关节镜下带袢钢板联合缝线技术治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折,手术创伤小,操作简便,患者术后膝关节功能恢复良好。     

关节镜下两种固定方式治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下螺钉与缝线固定治疗前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折临床疗效差异。方法研究对象选取ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者共80例,以随机数字表法分为A组(40例)和B组(40例),分别在关节镜下行缝线与螺钉固定治疗;比较两组患者手术时间、随访Lysholm膝关节评分、国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观量表评分、患健侧位移差值及屈曲挛缩发生率。结果 B组患者手术时间明显短于A组(P0.05);两组患者随访Lysholm评分、IKDC评分及患健侧位移差值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者随访屈曲挛缩发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下螺钉与缝线固定治疗ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折在提高复位稳定性和改善关节活动功能方面效果接近,但关节镜下螺钉固定方案应用可有效缩短手术时间,降低操作难度。     

关节镜下缝线桥技术治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下采用缝线桥技术治疗前交叉韧带(ACL)止点撕脱骨折的手术方法以及评价术后疗效。方法 2013年5月-2015年7月,收治18例ACL止点撕脱骨折患者,均采用关节镜下缝线桥技术予以复位固定,男12例,女6例,年龄9~45岁,平均29.8岁,右膝10例,左膝8例。致伤原因:运动伤5例,交通事故伤10例,其他3例。陈旧性骨折2例,余均为新鲜骨折。术前患者均有前抽屉试验以及Lachman试验(+),国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)主观评分为(53.8±4.2)分。按照Meyers-Mckeaver分型标准:Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型3例。结果手术时间50~80 min,平均60.5 min。术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,术后复查X线片均示骨折复位满意。18例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~31个月,平均18.6个月,术后末次随访,17例患者Lachman试验以及前抽屉试验均阴性,1例前抽屉试验阴性,Lachman试验弱阳性,IKDC膝关节主观评分为(95.2±3.8)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下采用缝线桥技术治疗ACL止点撕脱骨折手术方法操作简便,可取得良好复位,牢固固定,具有创伤小和适应证广泛等优势。同时允许患者早期开始功能锻炼。     

关节镜下缝线“8”字打结空心钉固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的护理

随着交通意外及运动创伤的日益增多,前交叉韧带（ACL）胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的发生率也日益增加,ACI。胫骨止点撕脱骨折治疗较为困难。关节镜下缝线“8”字打结空心钉固定治疗ACI。胫骨止点撕脱骨折尽管有一定的难度,但因其创伤小、监控直接,复位和固定可靠,同时适用于不同类型的撕脱骨折,有利于膝关节功能的恢复。     

关节镜辅助下治疗胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折15例疗效分析

目的观察在关节镜辅助下治疗胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法在关节镜辅助下对15例合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的胫骨平台骨折进行复位及内固定。结果术后随访5~24个月,骨折均愈合,应用Lysholm膝关节功能评分,优9例,良5例,中1例,优良率93.4%。结论在关节镜辅助下治疗胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折能避免前交叉韧带的二期重建、减少手术创伤和并发症,疗效优良。     

关节镜下胫骨髁间嵴骨折手术方式选择

目的:探讨关节镜辅助下治疗胫骨髁间嵴前交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折的手术方式。方法:本组6例患者,根据髁间嵴骨折不同的形态类型,分别选择丝线、克氏针、可吸收螺钉、空心螺钉固定前交叉韧带止点撕脱骨块,术后指导功能锻炼。结果:所有病例随诊3～36个月,术后3～4个月骨折部位均愈合,采用Lysholm膝关节评价疗效,平均得分92.6分。结论:关节镜辅助下根据髁间嵴撕脱骨折的不同类型选择不同内固定方式,可得到准确的复位、良好的骨折愈合及满意的膝关节功能恢复。     

线缆与丝线捆扎固定前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折

背景：关节镜下治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折已被广泛应用并取得了良好效果,但在内固定方法的许多方面仍未达成共识,甚至颇具争议。目的：分析关节镜下手术进行前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折复位AO线缆固定与丝线固定对膝关节运动功能和稳定性的影响。方法：选择关节镜下手术治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者25例,其中应用AO线缆行骨折块内固定治疗者13例,应用丝线行骨折块固定治疗者12例。比较两组治疗后的膝关节活动度及稳定性。结果与结论：治疗后随访6个月-5年,两组伸膝及屈膝运动功能差异无显著性意义,AO线缆组膝关节稳定性明显好于丝线组（P〈0.05）。表明在关节镜下复位固定前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折使用AO线缆固定较使用丝线固定效果满意。     

钢丝骑缝内固定治疗胫骨后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折疗效观察

胫骨后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折是后交叉韧带损伤中最常见的一种类型。保守治疗因不能解剖复位常导致后交叉韧带松弛、膝关节不稳,进而继发膝关节创伤性骨关节炎,对膝关节功能影响较大。而采用钢丝骑缝内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折,术后膝关节功能恢复良好,并发症少,二期拆除内固定方便[1]。本次研究将本院采用钢丝骑缝内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的疗效报道如下。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.