ACD-CPR对院外心搏骤停患者的初期复苏效果

自从1992年第一个心脏泵出现以后，主动加压减压心肺复苏(ACD—CPR)作为代替标准CPR的高级心肺复苏方法之一，受到了国际国内的广泛关注。为了比较ACD—CPR和标准CPR对院前发生心搏骤停的患者的初期复苏效果，我们设计并实施了随机照对试验，研究心脏泵是否具有在院前应用的价值。     

院前心肺复苏临床分析研究

目的：探讨提高院前心肺复苏成功率的途径。方法：对我院1999年10月至2003年12月救治的48例院前心搏骤停者，用Utstein模式进行回顾性统计和分析。结果：经复苏的45例心搏骤停者中，自主循环恢复（ROSC）有4例，复苏率为8，89％，其中1例存活至出院；对比呼救-到达现场间期（CRI）〉6min和〈6min两组的复苏率有显著性差异，P〈0．05；对比目击者是医务工作者和非医务工作者两组的复苏率有显著性差异，P〈0．05。结论：缩短CRI是提高院前心肺复苏成功率的关键途径；公民中普及CPR对提高复苏成功率有重要意义；提高医院急救技术和改善急救设备也不容忽视。     

院前心肺复苏115例结果分析

目的:通过分析院前心肺复苏(CPR)的结果,探讨提高院前心肺复苏成功率的途径。方法:对我院1998年至2002年救治的115例院前心搏骤停者,用Utstein模式进行回顾性统计和分析。结果:经复苏的104例心搏骤停者中,自主循环恢复(ROSC)有8例,复苏率为7.69％,其中2例存活至出院;对比呼救-到达现场间期(CRI)>6min和<6 min两组的复苏率有显著性差异,P<0.05;对比目击者是医务工作者和非医务工作者两组的复苏率有显著性差异,P<0.05 。结论:缩短CRI是提高院前心肺复苏成功率的关键途径;公民中普及CPR;提高医院急救技术和改善急救设备也不容忽视。     

院前心脏停搏与院内心脏停搏复苏存活率的比较

目的：分析我院急诊中心心脏停搏患者心肺复苏（CPR）存活率及其影响因素,并比较院前发生心脏停搏与院内发生心脏停搏复苏存活率。方法：对我院急诊中心78例心搏骤停（cardiacarrest,CA）患者的资料进行回顾性分析,比较院前发生心搏骤停组和院内发生心搏骤停组的CPR开始时间（从心脏停搏至CPR开始时间）、气管插管时间、CPR持续时间、开始除颤时间、除颤次数、肾上腺素用量及存活率。结果：院前组复苏存活率2．86％,院内组复苏存活率11．62％。两组CPR开始时间、气管插管时间、存活率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,CPR持续时间、除颤次数及肾上腺素用量比较差异无统计学意义。结论：院前心脏停搏较院内心脏停搏复苏存活率低,与“生命链”未彻底落实及急救水平低有关。普及全民急救知识,加强完善急救医疗体系建设,早期除颤及早期亚低温治疗,是提高CPR成功率及复苏存活率的重要措施。     

院前心脏骤停患者心肺复苏成功相关影响因素分析

目的分析影响急诊科心肺复苏（CPR）成功的因素,并寻找影响自主循环恢复（ROSC）的独立影响因素。方法以2009年3月至2012年5月院前发生的240例心脏骤停（CA）患者为研究对象,比较ROSC组和Non—ROSC组的CPR开始时间、CPR持续时间、除颤次数和。肾上腺素用量等。结果全部病例ROSC成功率为42．08％,脑复苏成功率仅为3．33％。两组在年龄、性别、CPR持续时间、除颤次数上比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,在开始CPR时间、气管插管时间、肾上腺素累计用量方面比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;影响CA患者ROSC的因素有心室纤颤、无脉搏电活动、电除颤次数、肾上腺素累积剂量以及CA绝对时间。结论CPR成功率与开始CPR时间和人工气道建立的早晚有密切关系。CA绝对时间、除颤、肾上腺素累积剂量是CA患者ROSC的独立影响因素。     

心肺复苏不同预后患者血清细胞因子变化及意义

目的探讨心肺复苏（CPR）不同预后患者血清细胞因子动态变化及意义。方法将19例CPR自主循环恢复（ROSC）患者分为复苏失败组（A1组）14例和存活出院组（A2组）5例，10例死亡者做对照组（B组），用ELISA法检测CPR时、ROSC24h、48h、72h、7d患者血清TNF—α、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10水平变化。结果B组CPR时TNF—α含量高于A1、A2组（P〈0．05），IL-1β、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10水平三组间差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。A1组复苏后MODS发病率高于A1组A2／14vs1／5，P=0．016），ROSC24hTNF—α、IL—1β水平高于其CPR时和A2组（P〈0．05），ROSC48hTNF—α、IL-1β、IL-8水平达峰值，且高于A2组，IL-4、IL-10水平高于其CPR时（均P〈0.05），与A2组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05），ROSC72hTNF—α、IL-1β水平下降，IL-4高于A，组（P〈0.05）。结论细胞因子异常释放参与复苏后缺血一再灌注损伤病理过程，选择时机干预其失衡，可能改善复苏预后.     

两种心肺复苏顺序抢救未被目击心搏骤停患者效果的比较

目的　比较两种心肺复苏 (CPR)顺序抢救未被目击心搏骤停 (院前发生 )患者的效果。方法　未被目击心搏骤停患者 6 2例随机分为 2组 ,A组 34例采用传统CPR进行复苏 ;B组 2 8例采用CAB顺序进行复苏。 2组均分别测定复苏前后SaO2 、PaO2 和PaCO2 ,并比较其CPR的成功率。结果　未被目击心搏骤停患者复苏前存在严重低氧血症。复苏后A组SaO2 、PaO2 明显升高 ,PaCO2 则明显降低 ,与复苏前相比差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;B组复苏前后SaO2 、PaO2 和PaCO2 无明显改变 (P >0 0 5 ) ;A组复苏成功率高于B组 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　对未被目击心搏骤停患者采用传统CPR顺序比CAB顺序效果更好 ,复苏成功率较高 ,可能与传统CPR能迅速纠正患者的缺氧状态 ,从而有利于CPR有关。     

影响心肺复苏成功的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响心肺复苏(CPR)成功的相关因素,以便进一步指导临床治疗和抢救.方法 回顾分析2004-05-2007-05我院急诊科及院前呼吸、心搏骤停需紧急实施CPR的患者113例,根据有无围心搏骤停期的表现及病因分为选择顺序组及常规组,对两组复苏成功率进行回顾性分析.结果 选择顺序组复苏成功28例(47.5%),高于常规组12(21.3%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 加强对围心搏骤停期患者的监测和管理,即时发现心肺骤停的早期信号,做到早期CPR,并根据围心搏骤停期的表现及病因选择适当的ABCD顺序,这将有助于提高CPR成功率.     

255例院前心搏骤停患者心肺复苏影响因素分析

目的了解6年来心肺复苏(CPR)现状,分析其影响因素,研究如何提高CPR水平。方法对本院2001-01～2007-01院前发生的255例心搏骤停(cardiacarrest,CA)患者的资料进行分析,比较自主循环恢复(ROSC)成功组和失败组的CPR开始时间、CPR持续时间、除颤次数、肾上腺素用量等。结果全部病例ROSC成功率为38.03%,脑复苏成功率仅为2.74%。两组CPR开始时间(从心脏停搏至CPR开始时间)、人工气道开始建立时间、是否安装临时起搏器、肾上腺素用量比较差异有统计学意义(P≤0.01),在CPR持续时间、除颤次数方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CPR成功率与CPR开始时间和急救水平高低有密切关系。结论CA患者CPR成功率较低,与"生命链"未彻底落实及急救水平低有关。普及全民急救知识,加强完善急救医疗体系建设,是提高CPR成功率的关键措施。     

超长心肺脑复苏成功10例报告

临床上进行心肺复苏 (CPR)时 ,通常是患者心搏骤停 (CA )后立即行 CPR2 0～ 30 min,然而未见自主循环恢复(ROSC) ,评估脑功能有不可逆的丧失 ,即宣告终止 CPR。超长 CPR的时间需要超过 30 min,它包括开始复苏前 CA时间和复苏抢救的时间〔1〕。目前国内外陆续有超长 CPR成功的个别报道。我们对近5年超长心肺脑复苏 (CPCR)取得成功的 10例病例进行总结 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　病例资料 :6 32例患者为 1999年1月— 2 0 0 3年底 5年间收治的 CA后进行 CPR超过 30 m in者 ,其中 10例自主循环、呼吸恢复 ,且脑复苏成功。其中男 …     

犬室颤心脏骤停模型的研究与改进

目的建立一种简单、有效、稳定的犬心脏骤停（CA）模型,为心肺脑复苏的实验研究奠定基础。方法选用健康成年犬30只,体质量（15±2）kg,雌雄不限,麻醉后经右颈外静脉置电极导管至右心室,以5mA电流诱发室颤的方法制作CA模型,根据CA时间不同随机分为CA3 min组、CA5 min组和CA8 min组,每组10只,随后进行电除颤及标准胸外心肺复苏术,比较各组的复苏成功率及存活情况。结果诱颤后所有犬心电图均显示室颤波,动脉血压下降并失去波动;各组自主循环恢复（ROSC）情况为CA 3min组：90％（9／10）、CA5min：80％（8／10）、CA8min：20％（2／10）;ROSC率CA3 min组和CA5 min组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,CA8 min组与其他2组之间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;CA3rain组与CA5min、CA8 min组存活时间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论犬经右心室导管诱发室颤制作的心脏骤停模型稳定且可靠,CA3 min后开始复苏具有较好的ROSC率和存活时间,能满足心肺脑复苏基础研究的需要。     

Relationship between Time-to-ROSC and Survival in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest ECPR Candidates: When is the Best Time to Consider Transport to Hospital?

Objective: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) may improve outcomes for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Transport of intra-arrest patients to hospital however, may decrease CPR quality, potentially reducing survival for those who would have achieved return-of-spontaneous-circulation (ROSC) with further on-scene resuscitation. We examined time-to-ROSC and patient outcomes for the optimal time to consider transport. Methods: From a prospective registry of consecutive adult non-traumatic OHCA's, we identified a hypothetical ECPR-eligible cohort of EMS-treated patients with age ≤ 65, witnessed arrest, and bystander CPR or EMS arrival < 10 minutes. We assessed the relationship between time-to-ROSC and survival, and constructed a ROC curve to illustrate the ability of a pulseless state to predict non-survival with conventional resuscitation. Results: Of 6,571 EMS-treated cases, 1,206 were included with 27% surviving. Increasing time–to–ROSC (per minute) was negatively associated with survival (adjusted OR 0.91; 95%CI 0.89–0.93%). The yield of survivors per minute of resuscitation increased from commencement and started to decline in the 8th minute. Fifty percent and 90% of survivors had achieved ROSC by 8.0 and 24 min, respectively, at which times the probability of survival for those with initial shockable rhythms was 31% and 10%, and for non-shockable rhythms was 5.2% and 1.6%. The ROC curve illustrated that the 16th minute of resuscitation maximized sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.89). Conclusion: Transport for ECPR should be considered between 8 to 24 minutes of professional on-scene resuscitation, with 16 minutes balancing the risks and benefits of early and later transport. Earlier transport within this window may be preferred if high quality CPR can be maintained during transport and for those with initial non-shockable rhythms.     

心肺脑复苏成功的相关因素分析

目的:探讨脑复苏与心肺复苏开始时间、早期除颤、病发场所、年龄、通气方式等相关因素临床意义.方法:回顾性分析我科2005年12月-2010年12月因心跳骤停行心肺复苏(CPR)283例的临床资料.结果:283例中心肺脑复苏成功41例,心肺脑复苏成功率与心跳骤停发生场所(院内、院外),CPR开始时间、早期电除颤、气道通气方式、年龄等因素相关.结论:开始心肺复苏时间越早,自主循环恢复时间愈快,GCS评分愈高.     

Comparison of 15:1, 15:2, and 30:2 Compression-to-Ventilation Ratios for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Canine Model of a Simulated, Witnessed Cardiac Arrest

Objectives: This experimental study compared the effect of compression‐to‐ventilation (CV) ratios of 15:1, 15:2, and 30:2 on hemodynamics and resuscitation outcome in a canine model of a simulated, witnessed ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. Methods: Thirty healthy dogs, irrespective of species (mean ± SD, 19.2 ± 2.2 kg), were used in this study. A VF arrest was induced. The dogs received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and were divided into three groups based on the applied CV ratios of 15:1, 15:2, and 30:2. After 1 minute of untreated VF, 4 minutes of basic life support (BLS) was performed. At the end of the 4 minutes, the dogs were defibrillated with an automatic external defibrillator (AED) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) efforts were continued for 10 minutes or until restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was attained, whichever came first. Results: None of the hemodynamic parameters, and arterial oxygen profiles was significantly different between the three groups during BLS‐ and ACLS‐CPR. Eight dogs (80%) from each group achieved ROSC during BLS and ACLS. The survival rate was not different between the three groups. In the 15:1 and 30:2 groups, the number of compressions delivered over 1 minute were significantly greater than in the 15:2 group (73.1 ± 8.1 and 69.0 ± 6.9 to 56.3 ± 6.8; p < 0.01). The time for ventilation during which compressions were stopped at each minute was significantly lower in the 15:1 and 30:2 groups than in the 15:2 group (15.4 ± 3.9 and 17.1 ± 2.7 to 25.2 ± 2.6 sec/min; p < 0.01). Conclusions: In a canine model of witnessed VF using a simulated scenario, CPR with three CV ratios, 15:1, 15:2, and 30:2, did not result in any differences in hemodynamics, arterial oxygen profiles, and resuscitation outcome among the three groups. CPR with a CV ratio of 15:1 provided comparable chest compressions and shorter pauses for ventilation between each cycle compared to a CV ratio of 30:2.     

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult cardiac arrest patients

Cardiac arrest is a major cause of unexpected death in developed countries, and patients with cardiac arrest generally have a poor prognosis. Despite the use of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), few patients could achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Even if ROSC was achieved, some patients showed re-arrest and many survivors were unable to fully resume their former lifestyles because of severe neurological deficits. Safar et al reported the effectiveness of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass in an animal model and discussed the possibility of employing cardiopulmonary bypass as a CPR method. Because of progress in medical engineering, the system of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) became small and portable, and it became easy to perform circulatory support in cardiac arrest or shock patients. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has been reported to be superior to conventional CPR in in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Veno- arterial ECMO is generally performed in emergency settings and it can be used to perform ECPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Although there is no sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of ECPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, encouraging results have been obtained in small case series.     

大鼠心肺复苏后脑组织基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制剂表达的研究

目的探讨心肺复苏早期脑组织基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）、MMP-9及基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1（TIMP-1）的mRNA表达变化。方法用窒息法建立大鼠心肺复苏模型。80只SD大鼠随机分为假手术对照组和复苏组，然后依据时间分为假手术或复苏自主循环恢复（ROSC）后即刻及0．5、3、6和9h组。检测各组大鼠脑组织MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-1的mRNA表达情况。结果心肺复苏后3h大鼠脑组织MMP-9及TIMP-1的mRNA表达水平均开始上升，6h时显著增高，MMP-9／TIMP-1比值也相应增大。MMP-2 mRNA水平在心肺复苏后9h内未见明显升高。结论心肺复苏后早期就出现MMP-9、TIMP-1的mRNA表达增加及比例失衡，而MMP-2 mRNA水平在早期无明显变化。     

山莨菪碱对心搏骤停大鼠复苏的影响

目的 观察山莨菪碱对心搏骤停大鼠自主循环恢复(ROSC)及复苏成功率的影响,旨在探寻心肺复苏的新方法.方法 采用盲法将45只成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组、肾上腺素组和肾上腺素+山莨菪碱组(联用组),每组15只.实验采用经食道心脏起搏诱发心室纤颤或心室静止,使用电动机械胸外按压机进行胸外按压.盲法给药,肾上腺素剂量200 μg/kg,山莨菪碱为10 mg/kg,对比各组ROSC率及复苏成功率.结果 联用组ROSC率(93.3%比46.7%)、复苏成功率(80.0%比33.3%)及3 h存活率(83.3%比20.O%)均高于肾上腺素组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);对照组仅1只大鼠ROSC.ROSC即刻肾上腺素组平均动脉压(MAP)明显高于联用组(P<0.05);ROSC后两组MAP均呈逐渐下降趋势,且自5 min开始,肾上腺素组MAP明显低于联用组,至ROSC后30 min,两组比较差异仍有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 肾上腺素合用山莨菪碱可以提高心搏骤停ROSC率和复苏成功率.     

Pre-hospital IAC-CPR versus standard CPR: paramedic resuscitation of cardiac arrests

Recent studies evaluating interposed abdominal compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IAC-CPR) have demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and cerebral perfusion, as compared with standard CPR. A clinical evaluation of IAC-CPR effectiveness on resuscitation outcome has not been reported. A prospective randomized study comparing IAC-CRP with standard CPR for resuscitation of prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest was undertaken using the Milwaukee County Paramedic System. The patients were randomized following endotracheal intubation into IAC-CPR and standard CPR groups. Since October 1983, 291 patients have qualified for the study group. Of these, 146 patients had standard CPR, and 45 (31%) were successfully resuscitated. Of the 145 patients treated with IAC-CPR, 40 (28%) were successfully resuscitated. Chi-square analysis reveals no significant difference between these groups. To determine whether abdominal compression increases regurgitation, the frequency of emesis before and after intubation was analyzed. No significant difference was found between the IAC-CPR and standard CPR groups. Thus, IAC-CPR applied by paramedics in the field to patients following intubation does not improve cardiac resuscitation rates.     

山莨菪碱对心脏骤停患者氧化应激及心肺复苏效果的影响

目的:探讨山莨菪碱对心脏骤停患者氧化应激及心肺复苏效果的影响。方法:选择急诊科抢救的心脏骤停患者119例,骤停时间≤10min,随机分为对照组和干预组。两组均按照美国心脏学会心肺复苏指南进行标准的心肺复苏,干预组在标准心肺复苏基础上静脉注射山莨菪碱,比较两组患者自主循环恢复(ROSC)率及复苏后24h存活率;分别在自主循环恢复后和复苏24h后测定血清总超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)活力、总抗氧化力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,比较两组间差别。结果:干预组患者自主循环恢复率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.01);复苏24h后,干预组患者存活率显著高于对照组(P<0.01);自主循环恢复后及复苏24h后,干预组T-SOD活力和T-AOC显著高于对照组,MDA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:早期应用山莨菪碱可能会减轻心脏骤停患者体内氧化应激,可能有助于提高复苏后24h存活率,但对于短期自主循环的恢复可能没有明显改善。     

“一医两护”心肺复苏抢救流程在临床的应用效果观察

目的探讨"一医两护"心肺复苏抢救流程在临床上的应用效果。方法选择2007年1月-2008年12月本院急诊科发生心跳呼吸骤停患者100例为实验组,选择2009年1月-2010年8月100例患者为对照组,对照组采用常规心肺复苏抢救流程,实验组采用"一医两护"配合的心肺复苏抢救流程。比较两组患者的存活率和实施心肺复苏、除颤、气管插管及静脉输液时间。结果实验组患者存活率高于对照组,实施除颤时间及气管插管时间短于对照组(均P<0.05);两组患者实施心肺复苏及静脉输液时间比较,均P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论 "一医两护"配合的心肺复苏抢救流程能提高患者的抢救成功率,缩短抢救时间,是一种较好的心肺复苏抢救流程。