The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder and Stress,Depression, Self-Esteem,Impulsiveness, and Suicidal Ideation in Korea Soldiers in the Local Area

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) among soldiers, and examine its relation to stress, depression, self-esteem, impulsiveness, and suicidal ideation.MethodsThe subjects of this study were 200 soldiers and 197 control subjects, a total of 397 persons. Measurement tools used included the PTED self-rating scale, Stress Response Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation.ResultThe major findings of the analysis are as follows: first, 11.5% of the soldiers were in the risk group for PTED, and 4% of them had PTED. Second, PTED in the soldiers was significantly associated with a number of variables such as their educational background, stress, depression, self-esteem, impulsiveness, and suicidal ideation, while it was not significantly associated with age. Third, through the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, it was found that academic background, stress, and depression had a statistically significant positive effect on the incidence of PTED in the soldiers.ConclusionIn order to prevent and effectively intervene in PTED in soldiers, there is a need for interventional efforts focused on depression and stress related to negative life events.     

Suicidal Ideation,Depression, and Insomnia in Parent Survivors of Suicide: Based on Korean Psychological Autopsy of Adolescent Suicides

BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate suicidal ideation, depression, and insomnia among parent survivors of adolescents who died by suicide and their relevant risk factors using psychological autopsy results from South Korea.MethodsThe participants were 42 parent survivors (10 fathers and 32 mothers) of 35 adolescents who died by suicide. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index to evaluate the mental health of the bereaved parents. We used the Korean Psychological Autopsy Checklist for Adolescents, the Korean Beck Depression Inventory, the Korean Version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-II, and the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime-Korean versions to evaluate the mental health of deceased adolescents before their deaths.ResultsThe results showed that many parent survivors of suicide had developed clinically significant suicidal ideation, depression, and insomnia (75.6%, 73.2%, and 42.9%, respectively). Furthermore, the higher the incidence of traumatic events experienced by the deceased adolescents, the higher the severity of depression and insomnia experienced by surviving parents.ConclusionWe should pay attention that parent survivors of suicide can suffer mental disorders after their offspring''s death. In future studies, long-term follow-up studies with larger samples need to generalize our findings and clarify the causal relationship.     

Age at Menopause and Suicidal Ideation in Menopausal Women: A Study of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

BackgroundAlthough menopause is considered a risk factor for depression, no association has been established between the risk of suicidal ideation and age at menopause. This study aimed to evaluate the association between age at menopause and suicidal ideation in middle-aged menopausal Korean women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2018). Women aged 40–65 years were divided into the following three categories: primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), early menopause, and menopause, according to age at natural menopause (< 40, 40–45, and > 45 years, respectively). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).ResultsAmong 2,232 menopausal women, 25 (1.1%) experienced POI and 114 (5.1%) experienced early menopause. The PHQ-9 items that pertained to low self-esteem and suicidal ideation scored higher in women with POI than in those who experienced menopause after 45 years of age. The prevalence of suicidal ideation differed significantly according to age at menopause (POI, 30.0%; early menopause, 12.7%; menopause, 8.0%; P = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis revealed that POI was significantly associated with suicidal ideation after the adjustment for age, body mass index, and education, household income, and walking levels (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–17.7).ConclusionKorean middle-aged women with POI were more likely to have suicidal ideation than those who experienced menopause at 45 years or above, despite not being diagnosed with major depressive disorder.     

焦虑、抑郁与女性压力性尿失禁的相关性

目的 研究焦虑、抑郁状态对女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）严重程度的影响及其相关性。方法 选择2012年1月~2018年6月于我院妇科、泌尿外科就诊的具有完整临床资料的106例女性SUI患者,根据SUI严重程度分为轻度（41例）、中度（36例）和重度组（29例）,采用综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）对患者焦虑、抑郁状态进行评估,比较三组焦虑、抑郁状态及其与SUI严重程度的相关性。结果 轻、中、重度组SUI焦虑（HADS≥8分）的患病率分别为7.32%、36.11%和68.97%,抑郁（HADS≥8）的患病率分别为9.76%、38.89%和72.41%,中、重度组比轻度组焦虑、抑郁的患病率增加（P＜0.05）。焦虑、抑郁状态与SUI的严重程度呈正相关（r=0.271和0.293,P＜0.05）。结论 焦虑、抑郁状态对女性压力性尿失禁的严重程度有明显影响,其可能通过共同的生物学通路影响女性压力性尿失禁的发病过程。     

Body Composition,Sarcopenia, and Suicidal Ideation in Elderly Koreans: Hallym Aging Study

This study was conducted to assess the relationship between body composition and suicidal ideation among the Korean elderly population (n = 302; ≥ 65 years) who participated in the Hallym Aging Study in 2010. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and obesity was measured by the indices of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body fat percentage. Sarcopenia was defined as presence of both low muscle mass and low muscle function. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. We found no differences in body composition measures between subjects with suicidal ideation and those without. In the logistic regression analyses, there were no significant relationships for suicidal ideation according to body composition measures, including BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, and body fat percentage in both sexes. After adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, medical comorbidities, monthly income, education level, and presence of depressive symptoms, the odds ratio (OR) of suicidal ideation was higher in elderly men with sarcopenia compared to those without, whereas no significant relationships were observed in elderly women (OR 8.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–61.34 in men; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.07–8.43 in women). Sarcopenia is closely associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation in elderly men.     

Clinical Significance of the Number of Depressive Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder: Results from the CRESCEND Study

Our study aimed to establish the relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and the clinical characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD). This would enable us to predict the clinical significance of the number of depressive symptoms in MDD patients. Using data from the Clinical Research Center for Depression (CRESCEND) study in Korea, 853 patients with DSM-IV MDD were recruited. The baseline and clinical characteristics of groups with different numbers of depressive symptoms were compared using the χ² test for discrete variables and covariance (ANCOVA) for continuous variables. In addition, the scores of these groups on the measurement tools were compared by ANCOVA after adjusting the potential effects of confounding variables. After adjusting the effects of monthly income and history of depression, a larger number of depressive symptoms indicated higher overall severity of depression (F [4, 756] = 21.458, P < 0.001) and higher levels of depressive symptoms (F [4, 767] = 19.145, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (F [4, 765] = 12.890, P < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (F [4, 653] = 6.970, P < 0.001). It also indicated lower levels of social function (F [4, 760] = 13.343, P < 0.001), and quality of life (F [4, 656] = 11.975, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in alcohol consumption (F [4, 656] = 11.975, P < 0.001). The number of depressive symptoms can be used as an index of greater illness burden in clinical psychiatry.     

应激、倦怠与抑郁的关系研究

目的：探讨应激、倦怠和抑郁的关系。方法：采用简式倦怠量表、生活事件问卷和自评抑郁量表对270名大学生进行施测。结果：倦怠与生活事件和抑郁的相关均达到统计显著性水平（P〈0．01）;生活琐事、倦怠对抑郁有显著预测作用（P〈0．001）,同时生活琐事通过倦怠对抑郁的作用显著。结论：倦怠是生活琐事和抑郁的中介变量,初步验证了“应激-倦怠-抑郁”的理论构想。     

独生子女首发抑郁症患者父母焦虑状况的调查分析

目的探讨独生子女首发抑郁症患者父母的焦虑状况。方法对独生子女抑郁症患者父母和正常独生子女父母各58人采用焦虑自评量表（SA S）及自制一般状况调查表进行调查,并对比分析。结果独生子女抑郁症患者父母双方的因子得分均高于正常对照父母,部分因子差异具有统计学意义（t=1.73~1.99,P均〈0.05）,;研究组母亲和父亲焦虑评分比较无显著性差异（t=-1.40~1.66,P均〉0.05）。结论独生子女首发抑郁症患者父母存在不同程度的焦虑情绪,应及时有效地对其父母进行心理干预。     

孕妇的焦虑抑郁情绪对照研究

怀孕是自然的生理过程,但也会出现心理和情绪变化。有作者报道焦虑和抑郁是孕妇在妊娠期间常见的症状或寻求心理咨询的主要原因[1-3]。Ａｆｆｏｎｓｏ等人报道孕妇在妊娠期间最常见的情绪有发怒、紧张担心、病理性焦虑。大约50%的孕妇有抑郁症状[4]。国内报道11%孕妇产前有焦虑或抑郁症状[5]。本文通过对照研究,了解孕妇在妊娠期的焦虑和抑郁情绪状态,报道如下。1　资料和方法1.1　对象　　随机选择1999年7月～8月间到中山医科大学附属第三院妇产科门诊就诊的孕妇,均为初孕妇。共52人。年龄20～37岁,平均27.96±3.04岁;大专以上教育程度26人…     

Validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in assessing depression and anxiety following traumatic brain injury

Background

Anxiety and depression following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with poorer outcomes. A brief self-report questionnaire would assist in identifying those at risk, however validity of such measures is complicated by confounding symptoms of the injury. This study investigated the validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), in screening for clinical diagnoses of anxiety and mood disorders following TBI.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-three participants with mild to severe TBI were interviewed using the SCID (Axis I) and completed the DASS and HADS.

Results

The DASS, DASS21 and HADS scales demonstrated validity compared with SCID diagnoses of anxiety and mood disorders as measured by Area Under ROC Curve, sensitivity and specificity. Validity of the DASS depression scale benefited from items reflecting symptoms of devaluation of life, self-deprecation, and hopelessness that are not present on the HADS. Validity of the HADS anxiety scale benefited from items reflecting symptoms of tension and worry that are measured separately for the DASS on the stress scale.

Limitations

Participants were predominantly drawn from a rehabilitation centre which may limit the extent to which results can be generalized. Scores for the DASS21 were derived from the DASS rather than being administered separately.

Conclusions

The DASS, DASS21 and HADS demonstrated validity as screening measures of anxiety and mood disorders in this TBI sample. The findings support use of these self-report questionnaires for individuals with TBI to identify those who should be referred for clinical diagnostic follow-up.     

Anxiety,stress and perfectionism in bipolar disorder

Background

Previous reports have highlighted perfectionism and related cognitive styles as a psychological risk factor for stress and anxiety symptoms as well as for the development of bipolar disorder symptoms. The anxiety disorders are highly comorbid with bipolar disorder but the mechanisms that underpin this comorbidity are yet to be determined.

Method

Measures of depressive, (hypo)manic, anxiety and stress symptoms and perfectionistic cognitive style were completed by a sample of 142 patients with bipolar disorder. Mediation models were used to explore the hypotheses that anxiety and stress symptoms would mediate relationships between perfectionistic cognitive styles, and bipolar disorder symptoms.

Results

Stress and anxiety both significantly mediated the relationship between both self-critical perfectionism and goal attainment values and bipolar depressive symptoms. Goal attainment values were not significantly related to hypomanic symptoms. Stress and anxiety symptoms did not significantly mediate the relationship between self-critical perfectionism and (hypo)manic symptoms.

Limitations

1.

These data are cross-sectional; hence the causality implied in the mediation models can only be inferred.

2.

The clinic patients were less likely to present with (hypo)manic symptoms and therefore the reduced variability in the data may have contributed to the null findings for the mediation models with (hypo)manic symptoms.

3.

Those patients who were experiencing current (hypo)manic symptoms may have answered the cognitive styles questionnaires differently than when euthymic.

Conclusion

These findings highlight a plausible mechanism to understand the relationship between bipolar disorder and the anxiety disorders. Targeting self-critical perfectionism in the psychological treatment of bipolar disorder when there is anxiety comorbidity may result in more parsimonious treatments.     

Early Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms among Korean Adolescents: A 6-to-8 Year Follow-up Study

Depression during adolescence is critical to the individual''s own development. Hence, identifying individuals with high-risk depression at an early stage is necessary. This study aimed to identify childhood emotional and behavioral risk factors related to depressive symptoms in Korean adolescents through a longitudinal study. The first survey took place from 1998 to 2000, and a follow-up assessment conducted in 2006, as the original participants reached 13-15 yr of age. The first assessment used the Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist and a general questionnaire on family structure, parental education, and economic status to evaluate the participants. The follow-up assessment administered the Korean Children''s Depression Inventory. Multiple regression analysis revealed that childhood attention problems predicted depressive symptoms during adolescence for both boys and girls. For boys, family structure also predicted adolescent depressive symptoms. This study suggests that adolescents with attention problems during childhood are more likely to experience depressive symptoms.     

Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale for Assessing Work-related Stress and Anxiety in Healthcare Workers in Response to Viral Epidemics

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has had a major psychological impact on healthcare workers. However, very few scales are available to specifically assess work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers responding to a viral epidemic. This study developed a new assessment tool, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) and aimed to validate it among healthcare workers directly affected by COVID-19 in Korea.MethodsA total of 1,019 healthcare workers responded through anonymous questionnaires during April 20–30, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore the construct validity, and the reliability was assessed using internal consistency measures of Cronbach''s alpha coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to define the most appropriate cut-off point of SAVE-9 using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7; ≥ 5). Second, Spearman''s rank correlation coefficient was used to establish convergent validity for the SAVE-9 questionnaire with GAD-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.ResultsThe nine-item scale had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach''s α = 0.795). It adopted a two-factor structure: 1) anxiety regarding viral epidemics and 2) work-related stress associated with viral epidemics. A cut-off score of 22 for the SAVE-9 ascertained levels of stress and anxiety in response to a viral epidemic in healthcare workers that warranted clinical attention. Correlations between the SAVE-9 and the other scales were statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results suggest that the SAVE-9 is a useful, reliable, and valid tool to evaluate stress and anxiety responses in healthcare workers during viral epidemics.     

Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 in older primary care patients

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was designed to efficiently measure the core symptoms of anxiety and depression and has demonstrated positive psychometric properties in adult samples of anxiety and depression patients and student samples. Despite these findings, the psychometric properties of the DASS remain untested in older adults, for whom the identification of efficient measures of these constructs is especially important. To determine the psychometric properties of the DASS 21-item version in older adults, we analyzed data from 222 medical patients seeking treatment to manage worry. Consistent with younger samples, a three-factor structure best fit the data. Results also indicated good internal consistency, excellent convergent validity, and good discriminative validity, especially for the Depression scale. Receiver operating curve analyses indicated that the DASS-21 predicted the diagnostic presence of generalized anxiety disorder and depression as well as other commonly used measures. These data suggest that the DASS may be used with older adults in lieu of multiple scales designed to measure similar constructs, thereby reducing participant burden and facilitating assessment in settings with limited assessment resources.     

医学院学生自杀意念与希望特质、抑郁情绪的关系以及希望特质的调节作用

目的:探讨医学院学生的自杀意念与希望特质和抑郁情绪的关系,以及在其中希望特质的调节作用。方法:选择某医学院各年级学生按比例进行分层整群随机抽样调查,发放自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、希望特质量表(DHS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)。回收有效问卷148份。结果:样本中自杀意念检出率为8.1%,其中有自杀意念组抑郁得分高于无自杀意念组(t=8.699,P0.001),希望特质评分低于无自杀意念组(t=-6.077,P0.001);抑郁得分与自杀意念得分成正相关(t=0.681,P0.01),希望特质得分与自杀意念得分成负相关(t=-0.328,P0.01)。并且分层回归显示,抑郁自评量表得分与希望特质的交互作用显著(t=-4.727,P0.01),即希望特质在抑郁情绪与自杀意念之间有显著的调节作用。结论:自杀意念与抑郁情绪消极相关,与希望特质积极相关。关注大学生抑郁情绪,提高大学生希望特质水平,可以增强危机因素的抵抗作用,有助于对大学生自杀危机干预工作提供科学参考。     

哮喘患者的情绪障碍调查

支气管哮喘 (简称哮喘 )是临床上一组常见疾病 ,早在二十世纪二十年代就把哮喘作为心身疾病进行研究。心身医学的研究认为不仅生化因素在哮喘的发病中起到重要作用 ,包括情绪因素在内的心理社会因素在疾病的发生、发展及预后中也起到一定作用。情绪变化可诱发或加重哮喘。哮喘患者情绪障碍的发生率较高 ,以焦虑和抑郁多见。本研究旨在调查哮喘患者的焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍的发病情况 ,并对有关因素进行分析 ,以期为该疾病的全面认识和治疗提供资料。1　研究对象与方法1.1　对象1998年 2月至 1999年 12月本院门诊及住院的哮喘患者 10 0例。诊…     

不育症女性患者焦虑、抑郁与个性特征关系的对照研究

目的：探讨不育妇女焦虑、抑郁与个性特征的关系.方法：采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）,抑郁自评量表（SDS）和特质焦虑问卷（STAI）对170名不育妇女进行问卷调查,同时选择正常育龄妇女88名作对照.结果：不育症妇女状态焦虑分与特质焦虑分明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）,不育症妇女SDS总分高于对照组（P＜0.01）,不育症妇女EPQ的N得分高于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论：不育症妇女存在焦虑、抑郁情绪及高神经质的人格特点.     

米氮平与阿咪替林治疗抑郁、焦虑的对照研究

目的 探讨米氮平和阿咪替林在治疗抑郁焦虑方面的疗效与副反应.方法 将65例焦虑和抑郁患者随机分为米氮平组和阿咪替林组治疗8周.应用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA) 汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD) 治疗副反应量表(TESS)测查治疗前后的疗效及副反应.结果 二者疗效无显著性差异,米氮平组的副反应发生百分率低于阿咪替林组.结论 米氮平和阿咪替林在治疗焦虑抑郁方面疗效相当,米氮平毒副反应明显低于阿咪替林.     

300例产妇焦虑、抑郁状况和心理保健需求调查

目的分析产妇的心理健康状况,为开展针对性的孕产期心理保健指导干预提供依据。方法选择300名居住在闵行区的产妇,用调查问卷对其进行心理状况调查评估,问卷中包含焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)。结果对新生儿健康的担心和对分娩的恐惧是孕产妇主要担心的问题;是否母乳喂养(χ2=7.895,P0.01)、家人的支持和鼓励程度(χ2=9.450,P0.01)、工作/生活压力大小(χ2=10.393,P0.01)是影响产妇抑郁的重要因素,其中工作/生活压力(χ2=6.933,P0.01)又与产后焦虑症的发生有关,以上因素均有统计学意义;83.61%的产妇认为有必要开展孕产期心理指导,最希望得到家人的支持与鼓励。结论呼吁全社会关注孕产妇心理健康,通过广泛开展孕产期心理健康宣教,提倡母乳喂养,家人给予足够的关心和支持,能够对孕产妇的心理调节产生积极作用,降低焦虑、抑郁的发生。