Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis with Vena Caval Tumor Thrombus

We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis with vena caval tumor thrombus. To our knowledge only 14 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis protruding into the vena cava have been reported. The literature regarding these cases is reviewed, and the differential diagnosis of this tumor from renal cell carcinoma is discussed.     

乳头状肾细胞癌临床分析

目的：总结分析乳头状肾细胞癌的临床特点,提高其诊治水平.方法：回顾性分析2003～2009年收治的乳头状肾细胞癌的临床资料.并与同期53例肾透明细胞癌比较.结果：乳头状肾细胞癌组患者年龄57.3（47～78）岁,皆为男性,占同期肾细胞癌9.4%.就诊时3例无症状,2例出现肉眼血尿,1例双侧腰痛伴腹部包块.肿瘤平均最大径为6.6（2.6～16.0）cm,未见多中心病灶.TNM分期：T1a N0 M0 3例,T1b N0 M0 1例,T2 No M0 2例 病理分型I型3例,Ⅱ型3例 Fuhrman分级Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级4例.与肾透明细胞癌相比,乳头状肾细胞癌好发于男性,影像学检查不具备恶性肿瘤特征,确诊有赖于病理和免疫组织化学检查.临床分期皆为I期或Ⅱ期.就诊时无一例出现远处转移.结论：乳头状肾细胞癌在临床表现上与肾透明细胞癌相似,但在影像学表现、病理形态及生物学行为上均与肾透明细胞癌有所不同.根治性肾切除术是目前首选治疗方式.靶向治疗有可能成为转移性乳头状肾细胞癌治疗的新方向.     

A Case of Prostate Carcinoma Metastasizing to Renal Cell Carcinoma

Metastasis of one cancer to another cancer is extremely rare. The most frequent metastisizing tumor is a king carcinoma, and the most common recipient tumor is a renal cell carcinoma. We report herein a case of prostate carcinoma metastasizing to a renal cell carcinoma, which has previously been reported only four times.     

BK Virus Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Presentation with Optimized PCR and Other Diagnostic Tests

Polyomaviruses, including BK and JC viruses, have been associated with graft failure, but have not commonly been associated with malignancy. We present a case of renal cell carcinoma arising in an allograft kidney, in which the tumor and metastasis contain viral DNA. Tumor and biopsy specimens from this patient were examined with hematoxylin & eosin, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). The results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with BKV primers. Other viruses including herpes simplex 1-2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and varicella zoster were not detected. The presence of BKV DNA in a renal cell carcinoma, including a metastatic focus, adds to the evidence that this virus may play a role in cancers of the kidney and urinary tract.     

Renal Cell Carcinoma with Gallbladder Metastasis

The nature of polypoid masses within the gallbladder is difficult to define preoperatively. Tumors larger than 1 cm in size are strongly related to malignancy, but they are not always primary tumors of the gallbladder. We present a patient who underwent radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma and the preoperative finding of a polypoid mass within the gallbladder turned out to be a metastatic lesion.     

Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Patients with Synchronous Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium

Background

The benefit of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) for overall survival (OS) is unclear in patients with synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the era of targeted therapy.

Objective

To determine OS benefit of CN compared with no CN in mRCC patients treated with targeted therapies.

Design, setting, and participants

Retrospective data from patients with synchronous mRCC (n = 1658) from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) were used to compare 982 mRCC patients who had a CN with 676 mRCC patients who did not.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

OS was compared and hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for IMDC poor prognostic criteria.

Results and limitations

Patients who had CN had better IMDC prognostic profiles versus those without (favorable, intermediate, or poor in 9%, 63%, and 28% vs 1%, 45%, and 54%, respectively). The median OS of patients with CN versus without CN was 20.6 versus 9.5 mo (p < 0.0001). When adjusted for IMDC criteria to correct for imbalances, the HR of death was 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.69; p < 0.0001). Patients estimated to survive <12 mo may receive marginal benefit from CN. Patients who have four or more of the IMDC prognostic criteria did not benefit from CN. Data were collected retrospectively.

Conclusions

CN is beneficial in synchronous mRCC patients treated with targeted therapy, even after adjusting for prognostic factors. Patients with estimated survival times <12 mo or four or more IMDC prognostic factors may not benefit from CN. This information may aid in patient selection as we await results from randomized controlled trials.

Patient summary

We looked at the survival outcomes of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients who did or did not have the primary tumor removed. We found that most patients benefited from tumor removal, except for those with four or more IMDC risk factors.     

膀胱小细胞神经内分泌癌1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨膀胱小细胞神经内分泌癌的病理及临床特征,提高对该病的认识和诊洽水平。方法：介绍1例94岁高龄膀胱小细胞神经内分泌癌患者的诊治情况及病理特点,并复习有关文献,分析该肿瘤的组织来源、病理和免疫组化特征、诊治及预后情况。结果：本例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后病理诊断为小细胞神经内分泌癌。免疫组化染色示肿瘤细胞表达神经内分泌标记物NSE和CgA,肿瘤标志物Ki-67、C-erB-2、P53表达阳性,PSA、Syn表达阴性。患者术后1个月死亡。结论：膀胱小细胞神经内分泌癌是一种比较少见的高度恶性肿瘤,主要依靠病理及免疫组化诊断,早期膀胱镜检查及活检有助于诊断。     

Solitary Colonic Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Seven Years after Nephrectomy: A Case Report

An 83-year-old man, who had undergone right radical nephrectomy for renal cell Carcinoma about 7 years previously, experienced melena and abdominal mass. Barium enema, colonoscopy, computed tomography, and arteriography showed a hypervascular mass on the transverse colon, and a partial transverse colectomy was performed. The postoperative histologic examination revealed that the tumor was a metastatic clear cell carcinoma.     

Renal Fossa Recurrence of a Renal Cell Carcinoma 13 Years after Nephrectomy: A Case Report

Between 1980 and 1995, we performed a nephrectomy with curative intent on 183 patients with renal cell carcinoma at Nagoya University Hospital. Among these patients, 5 (2.7%) developed renal fossa recurrence (median follow-up, 65 months). We report a case of such a recurrence found 13 years after a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (stage pT3a, pNO, MO). A 62-year-old female presented with a nodule on her back. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the right back and retroperitoneum, and a biopsy revealed the tumor to be a renal cell carcinoma. Complete resection was performed, followed by administration of a-interferon. The patient is doing well 16 months after the operation. The case illustrates that very long-term follow-up after a nephrectomy is mandatory for patients with perinephric invasion of a renal cell carcinoma due to the risk of renal fossa recurrence.     

Metastatic Carcinoma of the Gallbladder after a Renal Cell Carcinoma

The gallbladder is rarely the site of distant metastases and in most cases malignant melanoma is the primary tumor.

We report a case of a 64-year-old man with a gallbladder metastasis secondary to a renal cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma has a tendency toward metastatic disease, the most notable features of this tumor being its unusual pattern of metastatic disease.

Pre-operative imaging studies are often futile in the differentiation between primary and secondary tumors of the gallbladder. Since primary tumors of the gallbladder often coexist with gallstones, a polypoid lesion in an acalculous gallbladder is more consistent with metastasis than a primary tumour.

If feasible, surgical resection of the gallbladder is mandatory because it could guarantee better chances of survival for patients with metastatic renal carcinoma.     

Scrotal Skin Metastases of Renal Cell Carcinoma A Case Report

A 52-year old male, with a history of radical nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma ten years ago, presented with a lesion on the scrotum which was diagnosed as a metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.     

肾嫌色细胞癌的临床研究

目的 探讨肾嫌色细胞癌的临床特点,提高肾嫌色细胞癌的诊断和治疗水平.方法 针对1例肾嫌色细胞癌的临床资料,结合相关文献进行分析.结果 病理结果示为肾嫌色细胞癌.免疫组化:CK部分细胞(+),CD10(-),CK8(+),RCC(-),vimentin(-),Ki-67(＜5%+),Hale胶状铁染色(+).结论 肾嫌色...     

并发静脉癌栓的肾细胞癌中VEGF的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达与肾细胞癌（RCC）并发静脉癌栓（VTT）的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学MaxVision^TM快捷法检测57例并发或未并发VTT的RCC组织和10例远离肿瘤的正常肾组织中VEGF的表达状况。实验分为三组,A组：并发VTT的RCC组织27例;B组：未并发VTT的RCC组织30例;C组：远离肿瘤的正常肾组织10例。结果：VEGF在三组中的阳性表达率分别为81．5％、63．3％和20．0％,其中A组和C组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,A组和B组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,B组和C组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：VEGF的异常表达可能在RCC并发VTT的形成中发挥重要作用,以抑制VEGF蛋白及其受体作用的靶向治疗药物在RCC并发VTT的治疗中应有良好效果。     

Hybrid Renal Cell Carcinomas Containing Histopathologic Features of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinomas and Oncocytomas Have Excellent Oncologic Outcomes

Background

Modern histopathology is able to differentiate chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (cRCCs), oncocytomas, and chromophobe–oncocytic hybrid RCCs; however, the true frequency and clinical courses of these tumors remain unclear.

Objective

To determine the clinical course of hybrid RCC.

Design, setting, and participants

Ninety-one surgically treated tumors, originally classified as oncocytoma or cRCC, were slide reviewed and reclassified by an experienced uropathologist. Immunohistochemical cytokeratin-7 (CK7) staining was used to distinguish oncocytoma (CK7 positive in <10% of the cells) and hybrid RCCs (CK7 positive in >10% of the cells).

Interventions

Radical tumor nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery.

Measurements

Recurrence-free and tumor-specific survival.

Results and limitations

Overall, 16 tumors (17.6%) were hybrid RCCs, 32 tumors were cRCCs, and 43 tumors were pure oncocytomas. Perinephric tissue invasion (pT3a) was found in one pure oncocytoma and in two hybrid RCCs. The pathologic stage for cRCC was pT1 in 50% of tumors (n = 17), pT2 in 23.5% of tumors (n = 8), and pT3a in 26.5% of tumors (n = 9). Low-grade RCC was found in 76.5% of tumors (n = 26), and vascular invasion was found in 11.8% of tumors (n = 4). After a mean follow-up of 50 mo, no oncocytomas or hybrid RCCs were found, but two cRCCs had recurred. The 3-yr tumor-specific survival rates for patients with oncocytoma, hybrid RCCs, and cRCC were 100%, 100%, and 97%, respectively.

Conclusions

Hybrid RCCs are more common than expected. The survival rate is 100% for both hybrid RCCs and oncocytomas. Hybrid RCCs may be candidates for active surveillance, and surgery may be unnecessary. CRCCs should be treated because a small proportion of these tumors exhibit aggressive clinical courses.     

肾细胞癌淋巴结清扫的意义

1982～1992年间,我院收治 97例肾细胞癌(RCC)患者,基中15例发生远隔转移和16例未发生远隔转移的T_3～T_4期病人接受了保守性手术,其余66例T_1～T_3期的病人接受了根治性肾切除和淋巴结清扫术。经过平均6.7年的随访,分析发现:在行根治性肾切除和淋巴结清扫病人中,分期对术后5年生存率具有显著影响(P<0.005);T_3期病人是否施行淋巴清扫则对此无意义(P>0.05)。淋巴结清扫的意义还在于使术后孤立性转移灶的清除变为可能,为术后联合性的生物免疫及化学治疗和肿瘤性并发症的处理提供了良好的临床基础。