经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部室间隔缺损

目的 :经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部室间隔缺损 (perimembranousventricularseptaldefect,PMVSD) ,并对其疗效进行初步分析。方法 :18例室间隔缺损 (VSD)中男性 8例 ,女性 10例 ,平均年龄 7 6岁 ,平均体重 2 6 9kg。局麻下行右心导管检查 ,左室造影测量室缺大小 ,经VSD建立股动脉 股静脉轨道 ,封堵器沿传送装置送至左室 ,打开左侧伞并确认铂金标记 (MARK)位于 6点位 ,指向心尖 ,在室间隔右室侧打开右侧伞 ,经超声心动图和左室造影确认封堵器位置良好 ,无残余分流 ,无三尖瓣及主动脉瓣关闭不全后释放封堵器。结果 :18例VSD患者封堵手术均获成功。VSD平均大小 3 9mm ,所选封堵器平均大小 7 1mm ,放射线观察MARK均在 6点位置。封堵效果良好 ,术后 2 4h左室舒张末径明显缩小 ;术后 2 4h仅 2例有微量残余分流 ,无 1例出现主动脉瓣关闭不全 ,无其它严重并发症 ,平均住院3 5d。结论 :经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部VSD封堵效果好 ,恢复快 ,免除开胸创伤及体外循环等高风险 ,值得进一步推广。     

Transcatheter closure of a posttraumatic ventricular septal defect with an Amplatzer occluder device.

Cardiac traumatization may lead to severe complications. Transcatheter closure of a postraumatic ventricular septal defect (VSD) was successfully done using an Amplatzer septal occluder in a man who had previously undergone surgery for myocardial fissure and mitral valve dysfunction. In selected cases, the percutaneous approach may be a valuable option to close muscular VSDs.     

Transcatheter closure of postinfarction ventricular septal defects using the new Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder: Results of a U.S. Registry.

The objective of this study was to assess the immediate and mid-term results of transcatheter closure of postinfarct muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) using the new Amplatzer postinfarct muscular VSD device (PIMVSD). Ventricular septal rupture occurs in 0.2% of myocardial infarcts and remains associated with very high morbidity and mortality. Data were prospectively collected for 18 patients who underwent attempted device closure of postinfarction VSDs between 2000 and 2003. Five patients underwent the closure in the acute phase (within 6 days from the infarct); the remaining patients underwent closure on day 14-95 after the diagnosis of the infarct. Outcome parameters included procedural success, evidence of residual shunts on echocardiography, and occurrence of procedure-related complications. The procedure was successful in deploying a device across the VSD in 16 of 18 patients. The 30-day mortality was 28%. Eleven patients are still alive and have been followed up for a median of 332 days. Two patients required a second procedure to close a residual VSD. At the most recent outpatient follow-up, the VSD was completely closed in two patients, six patients had a trivial or small residual shunt, and two patients had a moderate residual shunt. We conclude that percutaneous device closure of postinfarction VSDs using the Amplatzer PIMVSD occluder appears to be safe and effective. Further trials are required to assess long-term efficacy and compare the results with those of surgical closure.     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects

Although effective, transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSD) with the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, MN) carries a substantial risk of complete heart block, prompting many to abandon this intervention. A newly designed Amplatzer device for pmVSD was modified, in part, to minimize this risk. After rigorous preclinical testing, we report the first human experience with the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder 2 (AGA Medical Corporation) in two patients (a 5‐year old with a 12‐mm pmVSD and a 26‐year‐old male with a 8‐mm defect). Both procedures were successful, with no adverse events at 7 and 4 weeks of follow‐up, respectively. Herein, we discuss characteristics of the new device, potential advantages compared to the prior version, and main technical aspects related to the procedure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Transcatheter closure of a residual postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect with the Amplatzer septal occluder

Acute ventricular septal rupture following myocardial infarction carries a high mortality. Early surgery improves survival but long term outcome depends on residual shunting and left ventricular function. Residual shunting is common despite apparently successful closure and may require reoperation. Transcatheter closure is an established method of treating selected congenital defects but clinical experience of transcatheter closure in postinfarction ventricular septal rupture is minimal. Transcatheter closure of a residual ventricular septal defect was successfully done using a new device, the Amplatzer septal occluder, in a 50 year old Indian man who had previously undergone emergency surgical repair for postinfarction acute ventricular septal rupture. The technique is described and its potential as a treatment in postinfarction ventricular septal rupture, its possible complications, and the important aspects of case selection and device design are discussed.

Keywords: ventricular septal defect; transcatheter closure; Amplazter septal occluder     

Transcatheter closure of a complex postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect after surgical patch dehiscence

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) complicating acute myocardial infarction is a rare but serious event carrying a high mortality. Residual shunting after emergency surgical repair is common, adversely affects prognosis and can necessitate reoperation. We describe the successful transcatheter VSD closure with the Amplatzer occluder in a 75-year old man after earlier emergency surgical repair of a VSD complicating an acute myocardial infarction. The technique and positioning of the device in a tortuous infero-apical VSD are described.     

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in adults with the Amplatzer septal occluder

OBJECTIVE—To assess the efficacy and complications of device occlusion of atrial septal defects in adults, using the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO).
DESIGN—A prospective interventional study.
SETTING—Paediatric cardiology departments in two European teaching hospitals.
PATIENTS—The first 20 patients accepted for atrial septal defect device occlusion, on the basis of transoesophageal echocardiography. Sixteen patients had larger defects with right heart dilatation, while the primary indication for closure in four was a history of early paradoxical embolism.
INTERVENTIONS—Transcatheter atrial septal defect occlusions performed under transoesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopic guidance between December 1996 and June 1998.
OUTCOME MEASURES—Success of deployment of ASO devices, procedure and fluoroscopic times, complications, and symptoms.
RESULTS—The ASO device was successfully implanted in all 20 patients (14 female), median age 44.2 years, with no complications. Of the 16 patients with right heart dilatation, the median Qp:Qs was 2.5:1. Defects measured 11-22 mm (median 18) on transoesophageal echocardiography, with balloon sized diameter (and device size) of 13-28 mm (median 20). For all 20 patients, the procedure time ranged from 38-78 minutes (median 61), and fluoroscopy 8.4-24.7 minutes (median 15.2). There were residual shunts in three patients at the end of the procedure, which were trivial ( 1 mm) as assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography, and persisted for more than six months in only one patient. Follow up ranged from 0.1-1.5 years (median 0.7). There have been no late complications.
CONCLUSIONS—The ASO device can be used successfully to close selected oval fossa defects in adults, with minimal procedural morbidity and excellent early results.


Keywords: atrial septal defect; interventional cardiac catheterisation; Amplatzer septal occluder     

应用Amplatzer偏心性封堵器介入治疗膜部室间隔缺损

目的　应用Amplatzer偏心性封堵器治疗膜部室间隔缺损 (perimembraneventicularseptaldefect,PMVSD)并对近期疗效进行观察。方法　 6例PMVSD患者均经胸超声心动图确诊 ,术中经左心室造影明确缺损直径为 3～ 9mm ,平均 5 5mm ;经左心系统、室间隔缺损处、右心系统建立导丝轨迹 ,沿导丝经传送鞘管送直径 6～ 12mm(平均 8mm)的Amplatzer封堵器至缺损处行封堵 ;术后 2 4h、1月、3月分别行经胸超声及X线检查观察临床疗效。结果　全组技术成功率 10 0 % ,术中未发生任何重要并发症。全部患者封堵后无一例存在残余分流 ,术后即刻完全封堵率 10 0 % ;术后 2 4h、1月及 3月经胸超声心动图检查无残余分流 ,X线检查全部显示肺血减少 ,心胸比例不同程度缩小。 1例患者术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞 ,1月随访时消失。结论　经导管置入Amplatzer偏心性膜部室间隔缺损封堵器治疗PMVSD是一种成功率高、近期疗效可靠的介入方法 ,其远期疗效需进一步观察。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭32例膜部室间隔缺损

目的　观察Amplatzer膜部室间隔缺损封堵器关闭膜部室间隔缺损的临床疗效及安全性。方法　经超声心动图及临床表现诊断为膜部室间隔缺损患者 ,如有临床症状但没有右向左分流 ,且膜部室间隔缺损的局部解剖结构满足以下条件 :(1)膜部室间隔缺损离主动脉瓣至少 1mm ,离三尖瓣隔瓣至少 3mm ;(2 )室间隔缺损的最窄直径小于 14mm ;(3)伴膜部室间隔瘤形成时 ,瘤体未影响右心室流出道 ;(4 )外科手术关闭膜部室间隔缺损后遗留的室间隔缺损 ,且对心脏的血流动力学有影响。在局部或全身麻醉下对患者行经导管Amplatzer双面伞膜部室间隔缺损的关闭治疗 ,手术中连续经胸或经食管超声心动图和X线监测。术后随访 3个月。结果　自 2 0 0 2年 6月至 2 0 0 3年 3月共有 32例患者行经导管Amplatzer双面伞膜部室间隔缺损的关闭治疗 ,其中男 17例 ,女 15例。超声测定膜部室间隔缺损直径为 3～ 8mm(平均 5 1mm) ,左心室造影测定膜部室间隔缺损的直径为 3～ 8mm(平均 4 4mm) ,所选Amplatzer膜部室间隔缺损封堵器直径为 4～ 12mm(平均 7 6mm)。堵闭操作技术成功率为 10 0 %。超声心动图示术后即刻残余分流为 11 5 % (少量分流 3 8% ,微量 7 7% ) ,2 4h后残余分流为 7 7% (为微量 ) ,3个月后有 3 8%的微量分流。手术中出现一过性     

Combined catheter ventricular septal defect closure and multivessel coronary stenting to treat postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect and triple-vessel coronary artery disease: a case report.

Ventricular septal defect following acute myocardial infarction is a rare but life-threatening complication. Early surgical closure improves survival but carries a considerable risk. Percutaneous transcatheter closure is an alternative but experience to date is limited. We report a case of successful transcatheter closure of postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) in a 55-year-old male with the Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder device and complete percutaneous revascularization with successful multivessel coronary stenting for three-vessel disease as a staged procedure. The technique and its potential use as an alternative to surgical approach for treatment of acute myocardial infarction and its complication (VSD) are discussed.     

Immediate primary transcatheter closure of postinfarction ventricular septal defects

Aims: Immediate surgical repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD)complicating acute myocardial infarction is associated withhigh mortality. Percutaneous device closure appears to be safeand effective in patients treated for a residual shunt afterinitial surgical closure, as well as in patients with a chronicpost-infarct VSD. Primary transcatheter VSD closure in the acutesetting may also offer advantages over surgery. Methods and results: Between September 2003 and February 2008, 29 consecutive patientsunderwent primary transcatheter VSD closure. Clinical, procedural,and outcome data were collected. Patients were divided intothose with and those without cardiogenic shock at presentationfor risk stratification. The median follow-up time of survivingpatients was 730 days. The median time between VSD occurrenceand closure was 1 day [interquartile range (IQR) 1–3]and the initial procedural success rate was 86%. The shunt (Qp:Qs)could be reduced from 3.3 (IQR 2.3–3.8) to 1.4 (IQR 1.2–1.7;P < 0.001). Procedure-related complications such as majorresidual shunting, left ventricular rupture, and device embolizationoccurred in 41%. The overall 30-day survival rate was 35%. Mortalitywas higher for cardiogenic shock in comparison to non-shockpatients (88 vs. 38%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Interventional acute VSD closure is a promising technique thatcan be performed with a high procedural success rate and mayoffer an alternative to surgery. Despite the less invasive technique,mortality of postinfarction VSD remains high, particularly inpatients with cardiogenic shock. Further developments in devicesand delivery techniques are required.     

应用新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的初步研究

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的可行性及近期疗效。方法　 2 0 0 2年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 7月采用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器对 2 6例 (男 11例 ,女 15例 )膜周部VSD(2 0例合并膜部瘤 )患者进行封堵治疗。患者年龄 3～ 4 0 (16 4± 10 7)岁 ,胸超声提示VSD的直径为 3～ 14 (4 7± 1 0 )mm。在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器 ,并分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 2 5例患者封堵器置入成功 ,技术成功率 96 %。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 2 0例 ,少量残余分流 2例 ,微量残余分流 3例 ,均在 1天至 3个月内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞 1例 ,但无心肌受损表现 ,余无其他严重并发症发生。 1例嵴内型VSD由于距主动脉瓣较近 ,封堵未成功。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,但中、远期疗效尚需更大规模的临床观察     

Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with Amplatzer occluder assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

We report our initial experience in two patients using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to assess perimembranous ventricular septal defect and device morphology and their relation with contiguous cardiac structure. Defect size and rims as well as device position and profile were displayed from the three-dimensional "en face" views. We think that real-time three-dimensional echocardiography could be a complementary approach to angiography and transesophageal echocardiography in performing transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect.     

Percutaneous closure of postoperative ventricular septal defects with the Amplatzer device.

The objective of this study was to look at the procedure, the results, and the follow-up of patients who underwent percutaneous closure of a residual ventricular septal defect (VSD) following a surgical closure using the Amplatzer VSD device. Four patients had an original diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot, two patients had a patch leak following a surgical repair of a VSD, and three patients had a VSD not repaired at the time of surgery. All patients fulfilled the currently accepted surgical criterion for reoperation (Qp/Qs>1.5). The mean Qp/Qs was 1.8+/-0.3 (1.5-2.3). Four patients underwent VSD closure using an Amplatzer perimembranous VSD device and in five patients an Amplatzer muscular VSD device was implanted. We performed percutaneous closure in nine patients. The size of the residual shunt ranged from 6 to 14 mm and the size of device used ranged from 8 to 16 mm. The arteriovenous loop needed to be recreated in two patients because of failure to advance the delivery sheath. There was complete closure of the defect in six cases, and a small residual shunt remained in three cases. Percutaneous closure of postoperative VSDs appears to be an effective way to resolve a hemodynamically significant residual shunt. There were no difficulties encountered with implantation of the devices. These promising short-term results need reinforcement with additional long-term data.     

Transcatheter closure of double atrial septal defects with a single Amplatzer device.

Transcatheter closure of single secundum atrial defects has become the standard of treatment. The purpose of our study was to analyze the results of using a single Amplatzer device for closure of double atrial septal defects. Such defects were diagnosed in 41 out of 363 patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs) closed by transcatheter method. In 39, a single Amplatzer device was used. The size of the larger defect ranged from 5 to 18 mm, the smaller defect from 2 to 7 mm, with the distance between the borders of the communications ranging from 2 to 12 mm. We performed sizing and closure of only the larger defect. The mean size of implanted devices was 16.5 +/- 5.5 mm, equal to the stretched diameter of the main defect or 1-4 mm larger. The closure rate assessed by color Doppler flow examination was 61% after 24 hr, 78% after 1 month, 83% after 3 months, 86% after 1 year, and 95% after 2 years. If the distance between the two defects exceeded 7 mm, residual leaks were observed but tended to decrease and disappear with time. Selected patients with double atrial septal defects can be effectively treated with implantation of a single Amplatzer device.     

Erosion of Amplatzer septal occluder device after closure of secundum atrial septal defects: review of registry of complications and recommendations to minimize future risk.

The objectives of this study were to identify possible risk factors that may lead to erosion of the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) and recommend ways to minimize future risk. There have been rare occurrences of adverse events with development of pericardial effusion after ASO placement. Identification of high-risk cases, early recognition, and prompt intervention may minimize the future risks of adverse events. In all patients who developed hemodynamic compromise after ASO placement, echocardiograms (pre-, intra-, and postprocedure), atrial septal defect (ASD) size (nonstretched, stretched), size of the device used, cineangiograms, and operative records were reviewed by a panel selected by AGA Medical Corporation. The findings were compared to the premarket approval data obtained from FDA-approved clinical trials that were conducted in the United States, before the device was approved. A total of 28 cases (14 in United States) of adverse events were reported to AGA Medical. All erosions occurred at the dome of the atria, near the aortic root. Deficient aortic rim was seen in 89% and the defect described as high ASD, suggesting deficient superior rim. The device to unstretched ASD ratio was significantly larger in the adverse event group when compared to the FDA trial group. The incidence of device erosion in the United States was 0.1%. The risk of device erosion with ASO is low and complications can be decreased by identifying high-risk patients and following them closely. Patients with deficient aortic rim and/or superior rim may be at higher risk for device erosion. Oversized ASO may increase the risk of erosion. The defect should not be overstretched during balloon sizing. Patients with small pericardial effusion at 24 hr should have closer follow-up.     

经胸超声心动图监测下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的：评价在经胸超声心动图(TTE)监测下用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的可行性及实用价值。方法：全组共18例继发孔型ASD患者，均在常规C型臂X线机透视和TTE指导下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器。结果：18例患者中有2例未放置成功而改为开胸手术；16例均成功置入Amplatzer封堵器，即刻完全堵闭，术后随访3个月至2年，TTE示ASD仍被完全封闭，未见残余分流。随访期间无任何并发症。结论：在TTE和X线透视指导下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型ASD安全可行，具有一定实用价值。     

Percutaneous closure of postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect with the CardioSEAL septal occluder implant.

Postinfarction ventricular septal rupture carries a poor prognosis with medical or surgical treatment. We report on successful deployment of CardioSEAL septal occluder implant for postinfarct septal defect in a high-surgical-risk patient.     

Transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defect using the Amplatzer devices

TECHNIQUE: From November 1997 to June 2002, percutaneous transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defects was attempted in seven patients. Four patients had single and three had multiple defects. Surgical closure was performed in two patients in an attempt to close a perimembranous defect, leaving behind a large apical muscular defect, which was successfully closed using a device in one patient, whilst the second patient succumbed to septicemia/endocarditis 3 weeks after failure of device implantation. One patient had previous pulmonary artery banding and in another intraoperative placement of two Clamshell devices followed by additional transcatheter closure using Gianturco coils in two different sessions was performed. RESULTS: Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect was successful in six patients. Three patients underwent closure of their ventricular septal defects using the Amplatzer Septal Occluder and in the remaining three patients. Amplatzer Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder was used. The median age was 15 months (range 14 months to 10 years) and the median weight was 7.8 kg (range 7-16 kg). The devices were deployed antegradely in all patients. Immediate complete closure was obtained in three patients while two patients had small and one had a large residual following the procedure. The later was due to another multiple muscular septal defect. Transient heart block occurred in one patient during the procedure and another patient developed heart block on day 3 post-procedure. The latter required temporary pacemaker. During the follow up, one patient who had residual multiple muscular defects underwent a successful redo transcatheter closure using two Amplatzer Muscular Ventricular Septal Occluder devices. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defect using Amplatzer devices is feasible and effective.