帕金森病患者伴发的抑郁和焦虑分析

目的了解帕金森病（Parkinson＇s Disease，PD）患者伴发的抑郁、焦虑发病率并分析其相关因素。方法采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）对45例PD患者和45例对照者进行评定，以Webster量表、Hoehn ＆ Yahr分级评定PD者病情严重程度。结果PD组抑郁程度明显高于对照组，焦虑标准分明显高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）；PD组抑郁发生率明显高于对照组，PD组焦虑发生率明显高于对照组，且差异显著（P〈0．01）；PD组抑郁与焦虑共病发生率明显高于对照组，且差异显著（P〈0．05）；经回归分析发现PD患者伴发的抑郁、焦虑与年龄呈负相关，与Hoehn ＆ Yahr分级、Webster评分呈正相关，与患者的性别、受教育程度、病程无相关性。结论抑郁和焦虑是PD患者最常见的精神症状，可能与PD本身所致的脑部病理性改变有关，应提高认识，及时发现，尽早干预。     

帕金森病伴发抑郁研究进展

对帕金森病伴发抑郁的流行病学特征、神经生化发病机制及药物治疗研究进展进行概述。     

帕金森病伴发抑郁的研究进展

随着人口老龄化进程的日益加速,帕金森病(Parkinsondisease,PD)已成为老年人常见的神经变性疾病,其表现的运动症状(motor symptoms,MS),包括静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓及步态和姿势异常等已为人们所熟知。近年来,病理学研究的进展使人们认识到PD还存在诸多非运动症状(non-motor     

帕金森病伴发抑郁的影像学研究进展

帕金森病（PD ）是一种发生于中老年人的慢性神经系统退行性疾病,主要病理改变为中脑黑质多巴胺（D A ）神经元变性、坏死和胞质路易小体形成,其运动症状包括静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓和姿势步态异常等。近年来,PD的非运动症状日益受到关注,包括抑郁、情感淡漠、睡眠紊乱、嗅觉障碍和认知功能下降等。其中 PD伴发抑郁（PDD ）是 PD最常见的非运动症状之一,其发生率高达52％［1］。抑郁可加重PD患者的认知障碍和运动症状,是PD患者的致残因素之一,严重影响患者的生活质量及预后,增加照料者负担。因此,探讨 PDD 的发病机制,进行早期预防、早期诊断和早期治疗对于改善PD患者的生活质量及减轻社会负担意义重大。PDD的发病机制尚存在争议,主流观点认为,内源性的生物学因素起主导作用,外源性的心理社会因素也参与致病。随着医学影像学技术的飞速发展,已经有很多研究报道了PDD的影像学改变,对深入了解PDD的发病机制提供了更多帮助,现对PDD的影像学研究进展作一综述。     

帕金森病伴发的抑郁

目的：探讨帕金森病伴发抑郁的特点。方法：将门诊及住院的帕金森病患者进行抑郁自评量表（ＳＤＳ）筛查,对伴或不伴抑郁的病人进行比较。结果：６４例病人中出现抑郁症状２１例,占３２．８％,这些病人具有年轻、文化程度高的特点;同时还发现以肌强直为主的病人伴发抑郁的机率明显高于以震颤为主的病人。结论：抑郁在帕金森病中具有较高的发病率,应引起足够的重视。     

帕金森病伴发抑郁的机制

抑郁是帕金森病(Parkinson disease, PD)常见的伴发症状之一,发生率高达40%～50%[1].PD患者出现抑郁的时间分别在起病和病重阶段各有一高峰[2].抑郁与PD本身症状相互重叠,易被忽略,不能得到及时的治疗.     

帕金森病伴发抑郁症的进展

本文就帕金森病伴发抑郁症的发病率、病因、临床表现和诊断等方面做一综述。     

帕金森病伴抑郁和焦虑共病的研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者伴抑郁和焦虑共病的发生率及其相关因素。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对480名PD患者和105名正常对照者进行评分,采用统一PD评定量表第Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期评定PD患者的运动症状,采用PD非运动症状(NMS)筛查问卷(NMSQ)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)和蒙特利尔认知测验(MOCA)评定PD患者的NMS。结果 PD组中抑郁的发生率(19.4%)明显高于正常对照组(5.7%),焦虑的发生率(30.4%)明显高于正常对照组(14.3%),抑郁和焦虑共病的发生率(15.8%)也明显高于正常对照组(5.7%)(均P<0.01)。多元Logistc回归分析显示,抑郁的发生与NMSQ评分呈正相关(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.07~1.37);焦虑的发生与女性(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.04~3.50)、H-Y分期(OR=2.87,95%CI:1.23~6.70)、UPDRSⅢ评分(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.00~1.06)及NMSQ评分(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.10~1.26)呈正相关,而与PD...     

帕金森病伴发疲劳的影响因素分析

目的 分析帕金森病(PD)患者疲劳的影响因素及其临床症状特点,为PD伴发疲劳的治疗提供参考。方法 病例对照研究,选取2019年1月-2020年12月包头医学院第二附属医院神经内科收治的155例PD患者,根据疲劳严重度量表(FSS),PD无疲劳组(FSS>4分)59例,PD伴发疲劳组(FSS≤4分)96例。采用统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分(MDS-UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMA)17项、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMD)14项、帕金森病睡眠量表(PDSS)中文版、简易精神状态量表等评估患者的运动症状和非运动症状。采用疲劳量表-14(FS-14)对PD患者的躯体疲劳、脑力疲劳进行评分。PD患者依据MDS-UPDRSⅡ～Ⅲ条目计算震颤类项目总分和姿势异常-步态障碍类项目总分。结果 与非疲劳组比较,疲劳组患者MDS-UPDRSⅢ、H-Y评分、HAMA、HAMD、病程均增高,PDSS降低(P<0.05)。MDS-UPDRSⅢ评分(OR=1.105,P=0.011)、抑郁(OR=1.160,P=0.028)是疲劳的独立危险因素。脑力疲劳与HAM...     

帕金森病伴发抑郁的神经递质改变

目的　探讨帕金森病 (PD)伴发抑郁的神经递质改变。方法　用抑郁自评量表 (CESD)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)评出PD伴发抑郁患者 33例 ,其中轻度抑郁 2 4例 ,中、重度抑郁 9例 :另取阑尾炎、腹股沟疝气、内、外混合痔等 2 5例作为对照组。应用高效液相色谱仪 ,电化学检测器对两组患者进行了脑脊液 (CSF)中单胺类神经递质 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)的代谢产物 5 羟吲哚乙酸 (5 HIAA)和去甲肾上腺素 (NE)的代谢产物 3 甲氧基 4羟基苯乙二醇 (MHPG)的含量测定。结果　患者组CSF中的 5 HIAA和MHPG含量均低于对照组 ,P <0 .0 1,有显著性差异。结论　PD伴发抑郁的患者其CSF中 5 HIAA和MHPG含量显著减少 ,抑郁症状可能与 5 HT和 (或 )NE的缺乏有关。提示PD伴发抑郁有着相应的生化病理基础     

Evaluation of anxiety in Parkinson’s disease with some commonly used rating scales

This study assessed the concurrent validity of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (Ham-A) for evaluating anxiety in a group of 46 Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The magnitude of correlations between the scales was high (all p<0.01), indicating a good concurrent validity. The item-by item analysis indicated that the main characteristics of anxiety in PD patients were ‘inability to relax’, ‘restlessness or inability to feel calm’ and ‘feeling tense’. The association between anxiety, as measured by the HADS-A, with demographic characteristics or clinical features of PD was not significant, supporting existing data suggesting that anxiety in PD is not closely correlated with the severity of motor symptoms or the degree of disability. The HADS-A may be the most appropriate scale for documenting patient-reported anxiety in depression.

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Sommario Questo studio indaga la validità nel valutare l’ansia in un gruppo di 46 pazienti con malattia di Parkinson dell’Inventario per l’ansia di stato e di tratto (STAI-Y), della Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) e della scala Hamilton per l’ansia (Ham-A). Il livello di correlazione tra le scale è elevato (p<0.01), indicando una buona validità convergente. L’analisi dei singoli items mostra che le principali caratteristiche dell’ansia nei pazienti con malattia di Parkinson sono “l’incapacità a rilassarsi”, “l’irrequietezza o incapacità a stare calmo” e “il sentirsi teso”. L’associazione tra l’ansia, misurata con l’HADS, e le caratteristiche demografiche del campione e/o gli aspetti clinici della malattia di Parkinson non è significativa. Tale risultato sostiene i dati presenti in letteratura che suggeriscono che l’ansia nella malattia di Parkinson non è strettamente correlata con la gravità dei sintomi motori o con il livello di disabilità.

     

Depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is accompanied by nonmotor symptoms (NMS) such as mood disorders. Among them, depression and anxiety complicate PD and are present at high rates in PD patients. Organic depression is generally known to affect a patient's recovery from the sequelae of the primary disease; thus early detection and appropriate treatment are essential. Depression in PD is thought to result from different factors such as disappearance of neurons in the dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin as well as from psychogenic reactions associated with the onset of the disease. Moreover, anxiety may also be a side effect of PD treatment. As morbid states of depression and anxiety are complicated, these symptoms are often difficult to diagnose. Moreover, the validity of these diagnostic methods has not been established. Therefore, accurate diagnoses of morbid states in the early stage of the disease and corresponding appropriate treatments are vital.     

Prevalence of anxiety disorders and anxiety subtypes in patients with Parkinson's disease

Anxiety disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but are not well characterized. This study determined the prevalence and clinical correlates of all DSM‐IV‐TR anxiety disorder diagnoses in a sample of 127 subjects with idiopathic PD who underwent comprehensive assessments administered by a psychiatrist and neurologist. A panel of six psychiatrists with expertise in geriatric psychiatry and/or movement disorders established by consensus all psychiatric diagnoses. Current and lifetime prevalence of at least one anxiety disorder diagnosis was 43% (n = 55) and 49% (n = 63), respectively. Anxiety disorder not otherwise specified, a DSM diagnosis used for anxiety disturbances not meeting criteria for defined subtypes, was the most common diagnosis (30% lifetime prevalence, n = 38). Compared with nonanxious subjects, panic disorder (n = 13) was associated with earlier age of PD onset [50.3 (12.2) vs. 61.0 (13.7) years, P < 0.01], higher rates of motor fluctuations [77% (10/13) vs. 39% (25/64), P = 0.01] and morning dystonia [38% (5/13) vs. 13% (8/62), P < 0.03]. This high prevalence of anxiety disorders, including disturbances often not meeting conventional diagnostic criteria, suggests that anxiety in PD is likely underdiagnosed and undertreated and refined characterization of anxiety disorders in PD is needed. In addition, certain anxiety subtypes may be clinically useful markers associated with disease impact in PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society     

Social anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease

Previous research highlights the presence of social anxiety disorder related to disfiguring diseases, although DSM-IV precludes the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder related to a medical condition. The present study investigated the frequency and severity of social anxiety disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease (n=50) and comparison subjects (n=50). Social anxiety was diagnosed in 16% of patients with Parkinson's disease and 2% of the comparison subjects. Regression analysis revealed younger age and depression as predictive factors of social anxiety. This study supported the likelihood of social anxiety disorder as a comorbid condition in Parkinson's disease. Revision of the criteria for social anxiety disorder in future diagnostic systems is necessary for the detection and management of these patients.     

The clinical spectrum of anxiety in Parkinson's disease

Anxiety is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), and contributes to increased disability and poorer quality of life. In spite of its significant impact, the symptomatology, chronology, and neurobiology of anxiety in PD are all poorly understood, and this hinders accurate diagnosis and development of effective treatment strategies. This review investigates and updates literature related to the clinical spectrum of anxiety in PD. The reported prevalence of anxiety in PD varies considerably, with emerging interest in the frequency of the DSM‐IV residual category of “Anxiety disorder, not otherwise specified” (Anxiety disorder NOS), which is observed in up to 25% of PD patients. By design, there are no standardized diagnostic criteria for Anxiety disorder NOS, because this is the category applied to individuals who do not meet diagnostic criteria for any other current anxiety disorder. Anxiety rating scales incompletely capture anxiety symptoms that relate specifically to PD symptoms and the complications arising from PD therapy. Consequently, these scales have been deemed inappropriate for use in PD, and there remains a need for the development of a new PD‐specific anxiety scale. Research establishing accurate symptom profiles of anxiety in PD is sparse, although characterizing such symptomatology would likely improve clinical diagnosis and facilitate targeted treatment strategies. Research into the neurobiological and psychological underpinnings of anxiety in PD remains inconclusive. Anxiety can precede the onset of PD motor symptoms or can develop after a diagnosis of PD. Further investigations focused on the chronology of anxiety and its relationship to PD diagnosis are required. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

Prevalence and correlates of anxiety in Alzheimer's disease

We assessed a consecutive series of 398 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the presence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) using a standardized neuropsychiatric evaluation. Five percent of patients showed GAD during the 4 weeks preceding the psychiatric evaluation. AD patients with GAD showed significantly higher scores of depression, irritability, overt aggression, mania, and pathological crying than AD patients without GAD. The most severe symptoms of anxiety were those of tension, fears, insomnia, and physical complaints. Depression and Anxiety 7:166–170, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.