大剂量阿托伐他汀对高血压病患者血管活性物质水平的影响

目的研究不同剂量阿托伐他汀对高血压病(EH)患者血管活性物质的影响.方法将68例EH患者按随机原则分别入选常规治疗组(22例)不接受任何调脂药物治疗;阿托伐他汀治疗组分别接受10 mg/d(23例)和20 mg/d(23例)阿托伐他汀治疗8周.测定各组患者治疗前后内皮素(ET)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、一氧化氮(NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(cGRP)和血脂水平,同时观察血压及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)的变化.结果经8周的治疗,10 mg阿托伐他汀使血浆ET、AngⅡ水平降低、血压下降,而NO、cGRP水平和FMD值上升,但与常规治疗组比较差异无显著性;20 mg他汀治疗组疗效则明显优于常规治疗组,两组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05或<0.01).20 mg阿托伐他汀治疗使ET、AngⅡ水平降低与LDL-C下降百分数之间无相关关系,而FMD值和NO、cGRP水平的上升与LDL-C的下降有良好的相关性.结论阿托伐他汀(20 mg/d)能够改善EH患者血管活性物质的水平,更理想地降低血压和改善血管内皮功能.     

阿托伐他汀和氟伐他汀短期治疗对ACS初期患者血管内皮功能的影响

将69例急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者随机分为三组。Ⅰ组予以常规治疗，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在Ⅲ组基础上，分别予阿托伐他汀20mg／d、氟伐他汀40mg／d，均治疗3d。结果三组治疗前后血脂差异无统计学意义，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组治疗后一氧化氮（NO）明显升高（P均〈0．05），内皮素-1（ET-1）水平下降，但P〉0．05，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间比较，P〉0．05，Ⅲ组治疗前后NO、ET-1无显著改变。证实他汀类药物短期治疗ACS可改善血管内皮功能。     

87例急性脑梗死患者血浆ET及NO检测分析及阿托伐他汀对其的影响

将87例急性脑梗死患者随机分为阿托伐他汀组44例和常规治疗组（43例），两组均予常规治疗，阿托伐他汀组同时服用阿托伐他汀10mg／d，连用4周。治疗前、后测定两组血浆内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）含量，按欧洲卒中评分（ESS）标准测定神经功能，并与同期30例健康体检者（对照组）进行比较。结果治疗前阿托伐他汀组和常规治疗组血浆NO及ET水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），治疗后较治疗前均明显下降（P〈0．01），且阿托伐他汀组下降明显（P〈0．05）；阿托伐他汀组和常规治疗组治疗后ESS均明显高于治疗前（P〈0．01），组间无明显差异（P〉0.05）。认为急性脑梗死患者血浆NO及ET水平显著高于正常人，阿托伐他汀可显著降低两者水平，减轻缺血性脑损伤。     

阿托伐他汀改善高血压合并高血脂患者的血管内皮功能

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀对高血压合并高血脂患者血管内皮功能的影响.方法 共入选172例高血压合并高血脂患者,随机分为阿托伐他汀10 mg组(n=92)和20 mg组(n=80),阿托伐他汀睡前服用,1次/d,治疗12周.另选取56例正常体检者为对照组.检测治疗前后3组研究对象血压、血脂、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的变化.结果 治疗前阿托伐他汀组的血压和血脂明显高于对照组,治疗后血压和血脂显著下降(P<0 01),与阿托伐他汀10 mg组比较,20 mg组能更进一步改善高血压患者的血脂异常.阿托伐他汀组治疗前的ET明显高于对照组,NO和CGRP均明显低于对照组,阿托伐他汀治疗后ET显著下降,NO和CGRP显著升高(P<0 01),与阿托伐他汀10 mg组比较,20 mg组能更进一步改善高血压患者的血管内皮功能.结论 阿托伐他汀可改善高血压合并高血脂患者的血管内皮功能,并有剂量依赖性.     

阿托伐他汀改善高血压合并高血脂患者的血管内皮功能

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对高血压合并高血脂患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法共入选172例高血压合并高血脂患者,随机分为阿托伐他汀10 mg 组(n=92)和20 mg 组(n=80),阿托伐他汀睡前服用,1次/d,治疗12周。另选取56例正常体检者为对照组。检测治疗前后3组研究对象血压、血脂、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的变化。结果治疗前阿托伐他汀组的血压和血脂明显高于对照组,治疗后血压和血脂显著下降(P<0.01),与阿托伐他汀10 mg 组比较,20 mg 组能更进一步改善高血压患者的血脂异常。阿托伐他汀组治疗前的 ET 明显高于对照组,NO 和 CGRP 均明显低于对照组,阿托伐他汀治疗后 ET 显著下降,NO 和 CGRP显著升高(P<0.01),与阿托伐他汀10 mg 组比较,20 mg 组能更进一步改善高血压患者的血管内皮功能。结论阿托伐他汀可改善高血压合并高血脂患者的血管内皮功能,并有剂量依赖性。     

阿托伐他汀对高血压病血vWF及BNP影响的近期疗效观察

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗对血管内皮功能及脑钠肽（BNP）水平的影响。方法在我院确诊的150例高血压病同时具有高脂血症患者随机分成A、B、C三组，分别接受10、20、40mg／d阿托伐他汀治疗4周。比较3组血脂水平、血管内皮功能相关指标血管性假性血友病因子（vWF）及BNP水平。结果与治疗前比较，不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗组vWF及BNP水平均明显下降，C组明显低于A、B组（P〈0．01），3组不良反应相似。结论阿托伐他汀降脂治疗可改善高血压病患者的内皮功能，40mg阿托伐他汀作用比较明显。     

阿托伐他汀对不同血脂水平的高血压病患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的研究阿托伐他汀对正常血脂和高血脂的高血压病(EH)患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法采用双盲、随机、对照方法，将正常血脂(NC组)和高血脂(HC组)高血压病患者分为他汀治疗组(阿托伐他汀20mg／d，共8周，NC组，n=22；HC组，n=24)和未用药对照组(NC组n=21；HC组，n=24)；运用无创超声检查技术，观察用药前后颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)的变化，同时检测血清一氧化氮(NO)及内皮素-1(ET-1)的浓度水平。结果治疗前NC、HC各组IMT值和血清ET-1水平较健康对照组(n=40)明显升高(P＜0．01)，FMD值和NO水平却显著下降(P＜O．01)，IMT、FMD、NO与LDI-C存在着显著的相关性。治疗8周后，NC、HC各组IMT值和ET-1水平明显降低，FMD和NO水平显著上升。与对照组比较，他汀治疗组的IMT、ET-1降低更明显(P＜O．05)，FMD和NO升高更为显著(P＜O．05)。两他汀治疗组的血脂水平较治疗前均明显下降(P＜O．05，P＜O．01)。结论阿托伐他汀治疗正常血脂和高血脂的高血压病患者，可在有效调脂的同时，发挥其非调脂作用，逆转或延迟颈动脉IMT的进程，改善血管内皮功能。     

氯沙坦对原发性高血压患者血清脂联素、抵抗素水平及血管内皮功能的影响

目的 探讨氯沙坦治疗原发性高血压（EH）的机制。方法将105例EH患者随机分为两组,均低钠饮食、适当锻炼、减轻体质量、口服利尿剂治疗,治疗组在此基础上予氯沙坦50mg／d,连续12周。观察治疗前后血清脂联素、抵抗素水平及血管内皮功能[内皮素（ET）、NO、内皮依赖性舒张功能（FMD）]变化。结果与治疗前和对照组治疗后比较,观察组脂联素、NO、FMD水平显著升高,抵抗素、ET水平显著降低,P均〈0．05。结论氯沙坦可改善EH患者血管内皮功能,其机制与升高血清脂联素水平、降低血清抵抗素水平有关。     

依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀治疗老年冠心病患者的降脂疗效

目的：观察联合应用依折麦布和阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病患者血脂水平的影响。方法：选择常规应用阿托伐他汀钙片20mg／d但血脂仍未达标的,符合入选标准的老年冠心病患者176例,随机分成两组,对照组为高剂量他汀组：阿托伐他汀钙片40mg／d;试药组为联合用药组：依折麦布10mg／d联合阿托伐他汀钙片20mg／d;比较两组治疗前后血总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平变化。结果：经12周治疗后,两组TC、LDI。一C与治疗前比较均有显著降低（均P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;与高剂量他汀组相比,联合用药组治疗效果更显著（P〈0．05）,TC、LDL—C下降更明显（P〈0．05）;而肝损害及肌溶解等副作用的发生率却无明显增加。结论：与高剂量阿托伐他汀相比,依折麦布联合阿托伐他汀具有更好的降低LDL—C效果,显著提高冠心病患者的血脂达标率,且具有良好的安全性和药物耐受性。     

强化阿托伐他汀治疗对急性冠脉综合征患者同型半胱氨酸及内皮功能的影响研究

目的 研究强化阿托伐他汀治疗对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者同型半胱氨酸及内皮功能的影响.方法 选择我院2011年1月-2013年5月收治的ACS患者92例,采用随机抽签法将其分成观察组与对照组,各46例.对照组患者给予20 mg/d的阿托伐他汀进行常规治疗,观察组患者给予40 mg/d的阿托伐他汀进行强化治疗,均连续用药4周.治疗前、治疗2周末及4周末分别对两组患者的一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素1（ET-1）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）及血脂指标进行测量.结果 治疗2周末及4周末,观察组患者NO水平高于对照组,ET-1及Hcy水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 强化阿托伐他汀治疗对ACS患者内皮功能有一定的保护作用,且可以抵抗动脉粥样硬化形成.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.