栓塞子宫动脉及供应子宫肌瘤的卵巢动脉治疗子宫肌瘤前瞻性研究

目的 观察有卵巢动脉供血的子宫肌瘤采用栓塞子宫动脉及供应子宫肌瘤的卵巢动脉的疗效及其对卵巢功能的影响.方法 用前瞻性研究方法对26例MR检查确诊有卵巢动脉供血的子宫肌瘤采用栓塞子宫动脉及供应子宫肌瘤的卵巢动脉,观察栓塞前、后不同时间卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平及子宫体积及肌瘤体积的变化.结果 患者术后1周至3个月FSH、LH增高,E2降低,术后6个月左右卵巢功能恢复正常,其中8例有明确的卵巢功能减退症状,但均为可逆性,无严重后果,2例继发闭经,考虑术后卵巢功能衰竭的发生与年龄有关,栓塞后子宫体积及肌瘤体积明显缩小.结论 有卵巢动脉供血的子宫肌瘤采用栓塞子宫动脉及供应子宫肌瘤的卵巢动脉,是安全和有价值的.     

子宫肌瘤栓塞中误栓卵巢支对卵巢功能的影响

目的评价子宫肌瘤栓塞中双侧卵巢支被误栓对卵巢功能的影响.方法将在子宫动脉造影中出现双侧卵巢支显影而被误栓的15例子宫肌瘤栓塞病人分成2组,1组是双侧卵巢区有碘油沉积(双侧卵巢碘油沉积组),另1组是双侧卵巢区无碘油沉积、或仅一侧卵巢区有碘油沉积(非双侧卵巢碘油沉积组),分别统计术后闭经的病例,并作Fisher检验.栓塞材料采用超液化碘油和平阳霉素混合液.栓塞前和栓塞6个月后检查促卵泡生成素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和雌二醇(E2),并作t检验.结果 15例年龄26～46岁[(39.00±5.62)岁],追踪16～47个月[(30.5±6.4)个月].12/15的患者月经在栓塞后2～6周[(3.0±0.3)周]恢复,3/15的患者出现闭经,3例术后闭经的性激素呈绝经期改变.双侧卵巢碘油沉积组出现术后闭经(3/3),非双侧卵巢碘油沉积组未出现术后闭经(0/12),两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.002 19).≥45岁的患者有2例,均无术后闭经,<45岁的患者有13例,其中3例出现术后闭经.所有患者在栓塞前和栓塞6个月后的FSH、LH和E2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论子宫肌瘤栓塞中双侧卵巢支被误栓后,若双侧卵巢区被碘油沉积,术后发生闭经的几率极高.若子宫动脉造影中出现双侧卵巢支显影的肌瘤患者,需要慎重选择栓塞剂,超液化碘油可能不是合适的栓塞材料.单纯的双侧子宫动脉卵巢支的误栓,即没有卵巢血管床的误栓情况下,对卵巢功能的影响可能较小.     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤对女性激素的影响

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)治疗子宫肌瘤对女性分泌功能的影响.方法 31例子宫肌瘤患者行UAE后随访3～6个月,观察月经变化及监测血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(Prog)、雌二醇(E2)4种性激素变化.同时于介入手术前及术后3、6个月分别行B超检查测定肌瘤体积及肌瘤的供血状况.结果 25例(80.6%)UAE后恢复正常月经,临床症状明显改善,4例(12.9%)有一过性月经紊乱(3～6个月恢复正常),2例(0.06%)出现闭经(年龄45岁、49岁).31例患者4种血清性激素术前、术后变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 UAE是一种有效的治疗手段,对女性血清性激素无明显影响,但年龄大于45岁以上者可能出现闭经.     

子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞治疗:对卵巢功能的影响及血清性激素的变化

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)治疗子宫肌瘤对月经和卵巢功能的影响。方法:66例子宫肌瘤行UAE后随访3～33个月,观察月经变化,其中15例在preUAE和postUAE3个月,监测血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(TSH)、泌乳素(PRL)、孕酮(Prog)、雌二醇(E2)等5种性激素变化。结果:47例(81%)UAE后恢复正常月经或明显改善,5例(8.6%)有一过性月经紊乱,3例(5.2%)出现闭经(年龄>45岁)。14例血清5种性激素在preUAE和postUAE变化差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),1例(年龄46岁)5种性激素preUAE处于卵泡期水平,postUAE3月处于绝经期。结论:UAE治疗子宫肌瘤后,大部分患者可恢复正常月经,对卵巢功能影响小,对血清性激素水平无明显影响,但极少数年龄大于45岁者postUAE可出现闭经。     

子宫肌瘤子宫动脉栓塞术中瘤体与卵巢血供的相关性及临床观察

目的：回顾性分析子宫肌瘤行子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)治疗过程中瘤体血供与子宫动脉卵巢支(OB)及卵巢动脉(OA)显影的相关性与临床治疗观察。方法通过对363例诊断明确的子宫肌瘤患者行UAE治疗,观察瘤体血供及OB、OA显影情况,术后随访瘤体变化情况及追踪监测卵巢功能。结果瘤体血供分为由一侧为主型(34．16%)、双侧均匀型(43．80%)、单一侧型(22．04%);其中均匀型OB显影明显多于其他两组(P<0．05),而乏血供侧子宫动脉OA要多于其他子宫动脉(P<0．05)。OB显影患者卵巢功能出现一过性障碍,3个月后恢复正常,并且各种不同血供类型瘤体缩小变化未见明显差异。结论子宫肌瘤血供分型与OB、OA对卵巢供血存在着平衡相关性,特别对于乏血供侧子宫动脉栓塞应注意栓塞流量,防止出现卵巢早衰。     

子宫肌瘤栓塞术中子宫动脉卵巢支的显示及其意义

目的　研究子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞治疗时 ,卵巢支显示与卵巢功能改变的关系。资料与方法　对 2 5 3例行动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤患者进行回顾性研究 ,统计子宫动脉卵巢支显示类型 ,比较不同显示类型与发生停经、闭经的关系。结果　子宫动脉造影时 ,196例未显示卵巢血管 ,其中有 4例治疗后发生停经或闭经 ,5 7例显示卵巢血管 ,其中 5例发生停经或闭经。两者比较有显著性差异 (χ2 =4 .0 4 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　子宫动脉造影卵巢支显示的患者 ,卵巢功能可能易受影响 ,表现为发生停经或闭经者较多     

高强度聚焦超声治疗瘢痕妊娠对卵巢储备功能的影响

 目的 比较高强度聚焦超声(high intensity focused ultrasound, HIFU)和子宫动脉栓塞术(uterine artery embolization, UAE)治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy, CSP)时对卵巢储备功能的影响。方法 采用回顾性研究的方法,选择2013-01至2018-06保定市妇幼保健院收治的CSPⅡ型患者142例,根据治疗前预处理方法不同分为两组,HIFU组96例采用HIFU,UAE组46例采用UAE,预处理后行宫腹腔镜手术,比较两组术前,术后3、6、12个月的血清雌二醇(E₂)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平及窦卵泡数(AFC)的变化。比较两组术后患者血HCG在4周内转阴率及5周内月经恢复率。结果 (1)HIFU组不同时间点AMH、FSH、LH、E₂和AFC比较,差异均无统计学意义。(2)UAE组不同时间点E₂差异无统计学意义;而AMH、AFC在UAE后3、6、12个月较术前显著降低;FSH及LH在术后 3、6个月较前明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)两组相比,术前AMH、FSH、LH、E₂、AFC差异均无统计学意义;UAE组AMH、AFC术后3个月、6个月均低于HIFU组相应时间点,而FSH、LH水平则高于HIFU组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)HIFU组和UAE组术后5周月经恢复率分别为98.9%和91.3%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后4周血β-HCG转阴率比较,差异无统计学意义。结论 HIFU治疗CSP安全有效、无创、可重复,不影响卵巢储备功能,尤其对于有再生育要求的CSP患者更具有重要意义。     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤并发闭经的原因分析

目的 探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）治疗子宫肌瘤并发闭经的原因。方法 搜集1999年4月至2004年5月，接受TUAE治疗的子宫肌瘤患者231例，年龄29～51岁，平均39．5岁。TUAE均采用经导管双侧子宫动脉注射碘油-平阳霉素乳剂的方式，其中碘油用量6～20ml，平阳霉素用量8～16mg，231例中186例加用明胶海绵颗粒果栓塞。结 231例中2例分别于TUAE后3和4个月发生闭经，发生率0．87％。1例考虑为卵巢功能受损引起的闭经，表现为雌二醇（E2）下降，促卵泡成熟激素（FSH）增高，经过1年的雌孕激素序贯治疗，患者月经逐渐恢复正常；另1例经宫腔镜证实为子宫内膜萎缩所致。结论 TUAE后极少数人可发生闭经，其原因与卵巢功能受损及子宫内膜萎缩有关。     

产后大出血急诊栓塞治疗的不良反应及并发症探讨

目的:探讨动脉栓塞法治疗急诊产后大出血的不良反应及并发症及其防治。方法:对57例急诊产后大出血患者的双侧子宫动脉或和髂内动脉以及部分患者的卵巢动脉用明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞。结果:所有病例均出现有栓塞术后综合征;1例患者出现血尿(1.8%);13例患者出现髋部及下肢疼痛、麻木(22.8%);19例患者出现臀部疼痛、红肿、硬结(33.3%);1例患者出现子宫性闭经(1.8%);全组病例未出现子宫坏死或卵巢功能减退等其它严重并发症。结论:产后大出血急诊栓塞治疗会出现一定的不良反应及并发症,在治疗过程中进行超选择性栓塞,不进行过度栓塞,严防栓塞剂返流,可避免大部分严重并发症的发生。     

有限性子宫动脉栓塞保护子宫动脉-卵巢动脉吻合

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞时识别与保护子宫动脉-卵巢动脉吻合(UA-OAa).方法 回顾性分析子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌瘤患者在子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)前后子宫动脉造影显示UA-OAa的DSA资料.结果 1 056例UAE患者中68例104侧卵巢动脉在栓塞前(后)子宫动脉造影时逆向显影,左侧OA显影47例、右侧OA显影57例,都呈Razavi-Ⅰ型吻合.20例左侧子宫动脉和27例右侧子宫动脉达到肌瘤动脉栓塞,而UA-OAa保持.68例UAE治疗后在1～2年的追踪期内无一例发生卵巢功能衰竭,33例超声复查其吻合通畅组(n=24例)与吻合阻断组(n=9例)在追踪期间(5.9±3.0,1～12个月)肌瘤缩小率(分别为60.63±23.59%和53.27±28.68%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 有限性子宫动脉栓塞可保持UA-OAa,是UAE治疗子宫(腺)肌瘤可供选择的血管造影栓塞终点.     

Uterine artery embolization treatment of uterine fibroids: effect on ovarian function in younger women

PURPOSE: To evaluate how uterine artery embolization (UAE) treatment for uterine fibroids (UF) affects ovarian function in young Middle Eastern women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 32 patients (mean age, 34 y; range, 26-45 y) underwent UAE treatment of symptomatic fibroids. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured before and after the embolization treatment. Preprocedural levels were determined on the second day of the menstrual cycle. Postprocedural levels were measured 3 months and 6 months after embolization. A detailed history of menstrual cycles was obtained before and after UAE. RESULTS: Thirty premenopausal patients had normal menses before UAE. Mean FSH levels before and 3 months after UAE were 6.83 IU/L +/- 1.8 and 6.99 IU/L +/- 1.67, respectively (P =.66). Normal menstruation resumed 2-3 months after the procedure. In two perimenopausal women, who had irregular menses and decreased ovarian reserve, mean FSH levels increased transiently from 22 and 30 IU/L to 40 and 48 IU/L, respectively, 3 months after UAE; they developed transient amenorrhea. CONCLUSION: In this study, UAE had no clinically relevant adverse effects on normally functioning ovaries and could be used safely in the treatment of symptomatic fibroids in premenopausal women. Larger studies are required for further support of this observation.     

Embolization of Angiographically Visible Type I and II Utero-ovarian Anastomoses during Uterine Artery Embolization for Fibroid Tumors: Impact on Symptom Recurrence and Permanent Amenorrhea

PurposeTo compare the incidences of symptom recurrence and permanent amenorrhea following uterine artery embolization (UAE) for symptomatic fibroid tumors in patients with type I and II utero-ovarian anastomoses (UOAs) with versus without ovarian artery embolization (OAE).Materials and MethodsA retrospective, institutional review board–approved study of 99 women who underwent UAE for symptomatic fibroid tumors from April 2005 to October 2010 was conducted to identify patients who had type I or II UOAs at the time of UAE. Based on the embolization technique, patients were categorized into standard (ie, UAE only), combined (ie, UAE and OAE), and control (patients without UOAs who underwent UAE) groups. Data collected included patient characteristics, procedural technique and findings, symptom recurrence, secondary interventions, and permanent amenorrhea. Statistical analysis was performed with the Fisher exact test, with significance reached at P < .05.ResultsTwenty patients (20.2%; mean age, 46.9 y ± 6.3) had type I (n = 3) or II (n = 17) UOAs. Thirteen (65%) underwent UAE only (standard group) and seven (35%) underwent UAE and OAE (combined group). There were no significant differences between groups in demographics or in the incidence of permanent amenorrhea after procedures (follow-up, 561 d ± 490). There was a significantly higher incidence of symptom recurrence in the standard group compared with the control group (P = .01), with no differences between combined and control groups (P = 1).ConclusionsThere were no statistical differences in permanent amenorrhea rates in the groups studied, with significantly higher symptom recurrence rates observed when OAE was not performed in the setting of UOA.     

Effects of utero-ovarian anastomoses on basal follicle-stimulating hormone level change after uterine artery embolization with tris-acryl gelatin microspheres

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of anastomoses between uterine and ovarian arteries on angiography and their impact on changes in basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level after uterine artery embolization (UAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive premenopausal women who underwent UAE for symptomatic uterine leiomyomata according to a uniform embolization technique with tris-acryl gelatin microspheres at a single institution were included in the study. Basal FSH levels before UAE and 6 months after UAE were compared for patients with and without anastomoses between uterine and ovarian arteries on angiography. RESULTS: Among 124 patients included in the study (mean age, 43.1+/-5.7 years), patent anastomoses between the uterine and ovarian arteries were detected by angiography in 55 patients (44.4%). Overall, 11.3% of 124 patients showed an increase in basal serum FSH level of greater than 20 mIU/mL after UAE. In patients with utero-ovarian anastomoses, 18.2% showed an increase of greater than 20 mIU/mL after UAE, compared with 5.8% of patients without such anastomoses (P=.03). Mean basal FSH increase after UAE in patients with anastomoses was 8.4+/-20.2 mIU/mL, compared with 2.7+/-10.6 mIU/mL in patients without anastomoses (P=.047). Among patients with anastomoses, the 50- to 54-year age group had the highest percentage of patients with an FSH increase greater than 20 mIU/mL (50.0%) after UAE, followed by patients in the 45- to 49-year age group (15.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Angiographically detected anastomoses between the uterine artery and the ovarian artery are not uncommon. UAE in patients with anastomoses is associated with a greater risk of significant increase of basal FSH level than in UAE in patients without anastomoses. The pathophysiologic processes resulting in change of FSH level may be a reflection of diminished ovarian function, but further study is warranted to delineate the precise mechanism.     

子宫动脉栓塞对子宫腺肌病患者卵巢功能的影响

目的评价子宫动脉平阳霉素碘油乳剂栓塞对子宫腺肌病患者卵巢功能的影响。方法对33例子宫腺肌病患者用平阳霉素碘油乳剂进行子宫动脉栓塞,并检测栓塞前和栓塞后第1、3、6和12个月的患者以及45例正常体检女性(对照组)同期血中的雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)水平,其后对两组结果作比较研究。结果栓塞前33例患者的FSH、LH、E2水平与正常对照组差异无显著性(P>0.05),而PRL水平高于正常对照组(P<0.05);栓塞术后1、3、6和12个月的患者FSH、LH、E2皆与术前无显著性差异(P>0.05),但PRL水平较栓塞前明显下降(P<0.05)。结论子宫动脉平阳霉素碘乳剂栓塞治疗子宫腺肌病并不影响患者的卵巢功能,且有利于降低患者的PRL水平。     

Ovarian function after uterine artery embolization for leiomyomata: assessment with use of serum follicle stimulating hormone assay

PURPOSE: To determine if uterine artery embolization (UAE) for leiomyomata causes a change in ovarian function as measured by serial basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients undergoing UAE for symptomatic leiomyomata had blood samples obtained on day 3 of a menstrual cycle before UAE and on day 3 during menstrual cycles 3 and 6 months after treatment. Analysis of variance was used to detect differences in FSH levels among age groups at each interval. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine if individual mean change occurred for the group as a whole and for each age group. Onset of new menopausal symptoms was compared between groups with use of the chi(2) test. RESULTS: There was no significant change in basal FSH levels for the group as a whole (P =.16), but there was a statistically significant difference when age groups were compared (P =.03). Individual change of >2 SD from baseline mean FSH level occurred at 6 months in seven patients, all 45-50 years of age. Four of these patients (15% of patients over age 44) had FSH levels increase to more than 20 IU/L. chi(2) analysis did not reveal any difference among the groups studied in the onset of menopausal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients had no change in ovarian function as measured by basal FSH after UAE. For patients aged 45 or older, there is approximately a 15% chance of an increase in basal FSH into the perimenopausal range.     

The Impact of Uterine Artery Embolization on Ovarian Function

Soon after the introduction of uterine artery embolization (UAE) as a treatment for fibroid tumors, questions arose regarding its potential impact on ovarian function. The onset of amenorrhea caused by ovarian failure after UAE was reported, and occlusion of ovarian arterial supply via uterine–arterial communications was suspected as the mechanism. Despite that, premature induction of menopause after UAE remains very infrequent. Perhaps of greater concern is a subclinical diminution of ovarian functional reserve. Data from randomized trials and prospective case series suggest that degradation of ovarian function may occur after UAE, but is concentrated in women older than age 45 years, with little evidence of an impact in women younger than 40 years of age. This review is intended to summarize current knowledge regarding the impact of UAE on ovarian reserve and the induction of menopause.     

Uterine artery embolization for leiomyoma: complications and effects on fertility

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) for leiomyoma is becoming accepted as an alternative to surgical treatment. However, gynecologists who have treated follow-up patients are greatly concerned about the postoperative course after UAE. One significant complication after UAE is infection owing to obstruction resulting from the sloughing of necrotic fibroids that interfere with the passage of intrauterine discharge. In our UAE procedures, the incidence of infection requiring hospitalization was 3.6%, and one patient (0.22%) had to undergo hysterectomy. Transcervical resection (TCR) using hysteroscopy is an extremely effective surgical intervention for removing necrotic fibroids for reserve of the uterus. However, additional treatment for intrauterine abnormalities after UAE may rest on whether or not the hysteroscopic procedure was performed. Although ovarian function after UAE seems to be maintained in patients < or = 44 years of age, serious complications include intrauterine adhesions that appear as amenorrhea or hypomenorrhea and lead to infertility. The results of our hysteroscopic evaluation after UAE in 7 patients who wished to conceive was intrauterine adhesion in four patients, subendometrial liner scar in one patient, and yellowing of the endometrium in three patients. However, in spite of impairment of the endometrium, the pregnancy rate after UAE in our study was 5/10(50.0%). It is essential that the indications of UAE for patients who wish to conceive be decided according to careful individual evaluation, and cautious follow-up is necessary.     

子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞术后血流,女性激素变化及疗效的近、中期观察

目的　观察子宫肌瘤患者行动脉栓塞术后近、中期肌瘤体积 ,子宫及肌瘤血流的变化 ,临床症状的改善及女性激素水平变化的特点。方法　对 40例子宫肌瘤患者进行一次性双侧子宫动脉栓塞术术前及术后 3月、6月、9月、12月、2 4月、3 6月及 48月定期做超声测定肌瘤体积 ,子宫及肌瘤血流状态 ,定期测定血液中各类女性激素浓度 ,随访患者临床症状的变化。结果　所有患者术后各个时期随访 ,肌瘤内都未见血流信号。统计学数据表明 ,术后各期正常子宫血流与术前比较无显著差异。术后各期月经较术前明显改善 ,肌瘤显著缩小 ,与术前比较有显著差异。其中 ,术后 3～ 9月肌瘤持续缩小 ,且术后 3～ 9月之间各期肌瘤体积有显著差异 ,术后 9～48个月之间各期肌瘤大小测定无显著差异。术后各期HCG ,LH ,E2 ,FSH ,PRL ,P ,T激素水平与术前比较无差异。结论　子宫肌瘤栓塞术是一种有效的治疗手段