大蒜素对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖的干预效应

目的:观察百合科植物大蒜球茎中分离出的一种化合物大蒜素对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响及高血脂对糖代谢的影响。方法:实验于2004-10/2005-02在哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院实验动物中心完成。选择健康的雄性Wistar大鼠70只,将大鼠按随机数字表法分成2组:对照组10只,糖尿病造模组60只,糖尿病造模组大鼠以高脂高糖饲料(配方:20%蔗糖、2.5%胆固醇、10%猪油、1.0%胆盐、66.5%基础饲料)诱导4周加链脲佐菌素注射进行造模,空腹血糖≥11.1mmol/L为造模成功。将造模成功糖尿病大鼠56只纳入实验,随机数字表法分为5组,即阳性对照组12只,2型糖尿病模型组、大蒜素60,40,30mg/(kg·d)剂量组各11只。2型糖尿病模型组喂基础饲料;阳性对照组喂高脂高糖饲料加大蒜素60mg/(kg·d);大蒜素60,40,30mg/(kg·d)剂量组喂基础饲料加大蒜素60,40,30mg/(kg·d);连续喂养3周。观察不同剂量大蒜素对2型糖尿病、高脂糖尿病和正常大鼠血糖及尿量的影响。结果:对照组10只全部进入结果分析,糖尿病造模组大鼠56只造模成功,进入结果分析。①高脂高糖饲料喂养4周后,糖尿病2型糖尿病模型组大鼠血脂增高、空腹血糖和胰岛素水平升高,胰岛素敏感指数下降,与空白对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(t=5.63～14.22,P<0.01)。②分组施加大蒜素等干预3周后空白对照组、阳性对照组、2型糖尿病模型组大鼠实验前后血糖无明显变化(t=0.18～1.80,P>0.05);大蒜素60,40,30mg/(kg·d)剂量组实验前后血糖均有所下降(t=9.48,7.70,2.35,P<0.01～0.05);实验后大蒜素60mg/(kg·d)剂量组血糖与阳性对照组比较,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。③实验后大蒜素60,40,30mg/(kg·d)剂量组糖尿病大鼠的尿量显著降低(P<0.01);阳性对照组大鼠尿量也略有降低,但是实验前后比较差异不大(P>0.05);大蒜素60mg/(kg·d)剂量组大鼠尿量与阳性对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:大蒜素能够降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖,降糖效果与给药剂量呈正相关,高血脂影响血糖的代谢。     

大蒜素联合美罗培南对耐碳青霉烯类抗生素的鲍曼不动杆菌的体外杀菌研究

目的 探讨体外大蒜素与美罗培南联合对耐碳青霉烯类抗生素的鲍曼不动杆菌的杀菌作用.方法 (1)采用EDTA-Na2纸片复合法和改良三维实验对6株多耐药鲍曼不动杆菌产生β-内酰胺金属酶进行鉴定.(2)采用M-H肉汤法,确定大蒜素、美罗培南、大蒜素+美罗培南的MIC值,计算两药联用的FIC指数,K-B纸片法鉴定大蒜素对美罗培南抑菌作用的影响,微孔板生物检测法检测大蒜素、美罗培南及两药联用的抑菌率.(3)M-H肉汤法检测还原型谷胱甘肽对大蒜素抑菌作用的影响;检测不同浓度大蒜素作用后,细菌谷胱甘肽、抗超氧阴离子自由基和总巯基的变化.(4)改良三维实验和M-H肉汤法检测大蒜素对β-内酰胺金属酶分解碳青霉烯类抗生素作用的影响.结果 (1)经EDTA-Na2纸片复合法和改良三维实验对6株多耐药鲍曼不动杆菌产生β-内酰胺金属酶进行鉴定,均产生β-内酰胺金属酶.(2)大蒜素对6株耐碳青霉烯抗生素鲍曼不动杆菌的MIC值均为512 μg/ml,美罗培南为128 μg/ml.两种药物联用FIC值为0.25,大蒜素+美罗培南较两种药物单独使用,抑菌率明显提高.(3)0.3 mg/ml还原型谷胱甘肽与不同浓度大蒜素联用后,抑菌率显著下降.大蒜素作用组较无大蒜素作用组及高浓度大蒜素作用组较低浓度大蒜素作用组细菌谷胱甘肽、抗超氧阴离子自由基、总巯基水平显著下降.(4)美罗培南+大蒜素+酶提取物组抑菌率较美罗培南+酶提取物组显著提高.结论 大蒜素对耐碳青霉烯类抗生素的鲍曼不动杆菌抑制作用与其引起细菌体内氧化失衡有关;大蒜素与美罗培南联用对该细菌有协同作用,机制可能与大蒜素抑制β-内酰胺金属酶对美罗培南的分解作用有关.     

大蒜素和顺铂联合作用对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞凋亡影响的研究

目的:探讨大蒜素和顺铂联合应用对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞的抑制作用,及其对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞凋亡的影响.方法:人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞株,经复苏,孵育,传代分为4个实验组,分别用大蒜素、顺铂、大蒜素和顺铂联合处理人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞,在不同时间(24、48、72 h)观察细胞的形态.并应用免疫细胞化学SP法检测不同处理条件下和各时间点bcl-2和PDCD5的表达情况.结果:人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞在大蒜素、顺铂以及大蒜素和顺铂联合作用下,细胞生长增殖受到抑制,与对照组的人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞相比形态学变化明显.大蒜素、顺铂及两者联合作用均可以下调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中bcl-2的表达,上调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中PDCD5的表达,大蒜素15μg/mL和顺铂3μg/mL联合用药可增强对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞的生长抑制,与大蒜素15μg/mL、顺铂3μg/mL单独处理人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞比较,下调bcl-2表达和上调PDCD5表达的作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:大蒜素和顺铂联合用药作用强于单独用药,可进一步提高药物对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制. 胞生长增殖受到抑制,与对照组的人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞相比形态学变化明显.大蒜素、 铂及两者联合作用均可以下调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中bcl-2的表达,上调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中PDCD5的表达,大蒜素15μg/mL和顺铂3μg/mL联合用药可增强对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞的生长抑制,与大蒜素15μg/mL、顺铂3μg/mL单独处理人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞比较,下调bcl-2表达和上调PDCD5表达的作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:大蒜素和顺铂联合用药作用强于单独用药,可进一步提高药物对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制. 胞生长增殖受到抑制,与对照组的人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞相比形态学变化明显.大蒜素、 铂及两者联合作用均可以下调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中bcl-2的表达,上调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中PDCD5的表达,大蒜素15μg/mL和顺铂3μg/mL联合用药可     

大蒜素对大鼠肝星状细胞增殖的影响简

目的 观察大蒜素对大鼠肝星状细胞（HSC-T6）增殖的影响,探讨大蒜素抗肝纤维化的作用及其机制.方法 体外培养大鼠肝星状细胞株HSC-T6.以四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法测不同浓度大蒜素作用对大鼠肝星状细胞的影响;以碘化丙啶染色流式细胞术（PI-FCM）检测大蒜素对大鼠肝星状细胞的抑制作用.结果 HSC-T6大蒜素各浓度处理组与空白对照组及溶剂对照组比较,增殖抑制率明显增高,有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;并且大蒜素浓度增高时,HSC-T6的抑制率也逐渐增强;DATS高浓度实验组（浓度含量12 μg/ml DATS）的增殖抑制率明显高于空白对照组、试剂对照组及低浓度实验组.结论 大蒜素可以抑制HSC-T6增殖,且作用具有剂量依赖性.大蒜素抑制HSC-T6增殖的机制可能是使HSC-T6细胞周期停滞.     

大蒜素对大鼠肝星状细胞增殖的影响

目的观察大蒜素对大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC-T6)增殖的影响,探讨大蒜素抗肝纤维化的作用及其机制。方法体外培养大鼠肝星状细胞株HSC-T6。以四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测不同浓度大蒜素作用对大鼠肝星状细胞的影响;以碘化丙啶染色流式细胞术(PI-FCM)检测大蒜素对大鼠肝星状细胞的抑制作用。结果 HSC-T6大蒜素各浓度处理组与空白对照组及溶剂对照组比较,增殖抑制率明显增高,有显著性差异(P0.01);并且大蒜素浓度增高时,HSC-T6的抑制率也逐渐增强;DATS高浓度实验组(浓度含量12μg/ml DATS)的增殖抑制率明显高于空白对照组、试剂对照组及低浓度实验组。结论大蒜素可以抑制HSC-T6增殖,且作用具有剂量依赖性。大蒜素抑制HSCT6增殖的机制可能是使HSC-T6细胞周期停滞。     

大蒜素对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖的干预效应

目的：观察百合科植物大蒜球茎中分离出的一种化合物大蒜索对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响及高血脂对糖代谢的影响。方法：实验于2004-10／2005-02在哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院实验动物中心完成。选择健康的雄性Wistar大鼠70只，将大鼠按随机数字表法分成2组：对照组10只，糖尿病造模组60只，糖尿病造模组大鼠以高脂高糖饲料（配方：20％蔗糖、2．5％胆固醇、10％猪油、1．0％胆盐、66．5％基础饲料）诱导4周加链脲佐菌素注射进行造模，空腹血糖≥11．1mmol／L为造模成功。将造模成功糖尿病大鼠56只纳入实验，随机数字表法分为5组，即阳性对照组12只，2型糖尿病模型组、大蒜素60，40，30mg／（kg&;#183;d）剂量组各11只。2型糖尿病模型组喂基础饲料；阳性对照组喂高脂高糖饲料加大蒜素60mg／（ks&;#183;d）；大蒜素60，40，30mg／（kg&;#183;d）剂量组喂基础饲料加大蒜素60，40，30mg／（kg&;#183;d）；连续喂养3周。观察不同剂量大蒜素对2型糖尿病、高脂糖尿病和正常大鼠血糖及尿量的影响。结果：对照组10只全部进入结果分析，糖尿病造模组大鼠56只造模成功，进入结果分析。④高脂高糖饲料喂养4周后，糖尿病2型糖尿病模型组大鼠血脂增高、空腹血糖和胰岛素水平升高，胰岛素敏感指数下降，与空白对照组比较，差异有显著性意义（t=5．63～14．22，P〈0．01）。②分组施加大蒜素等干预3周后空白对照组、阳性对照组、2型糖尿病模型组大鼠实验前后血糖无明显变化（t=0．180,P〉0．05）；大蒜素60，40，30mg／（kg&;#183;d）剂量组实验前后血糖均有所下降（t=9．48，7．70，2．35，P〈0．01～0．05）；实验后大蒜素60mg／（kg&;#183;d）剂量组血糖与阳性对照组比较，差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。③实验后大蒜素60，40，30mg／（kg&;#183;d）剂量组糖尿病大鼠的尿量显著降低（P〈0．01）；阳性对照组大鼠尿量也略有降低，但是实验前后比较差异不大（P〉0．05）；大蒜素60mg／（kg&;#183;d）剂量组大鼠尿量与阳性对照组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大蒜素能够降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖，降糖效果与给药剂量呈正相关，高血脂影响血糖的代谢。     

大蒜素对牙龈成纤维细胞胶原代谢的影响

目的:体外评价大蒜素对人牙龈成纤维细胞(HGF)胶原代谢的影响。方法:将不同浓度大蒜素加入体外培养的HGF48h后,细胞免疫荧光化学方法检测细胞内Ⅰ型胶原含量;化学比色法测定细胞培养上清液中羟脯氨酸含量。结果:大蒜素在一定浓度范围导致HGF胞浆内Ⅰ型胶原合成显著减少、细胞上清液中胶原蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:大蒜素对体外培养的HGFⅠ型胶原合成及胶原分泌有抑制作用,提示大蒜素有防止牙龈纤维化的作用。     

大蒜素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901生长的抑制及其机制的研究

目的:研究大蒜素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901生长的抑制及其机制.方法:应用MTT、RT-PCR及Western blot等方法观察细胞形态、P38及Caspase-3蛋白及基因的表达情况.结果:(1)大蒜素抑制细胞生长、凋亡细胞增多(P＜0.05).(2)大蒜素作用下胃癌细胞p-P38、Caspase-3表达量增加(P＜0.05).结论:大蒜素能抑制胃癌细胞增殖,诱导凋亡.     

大蒜素联合红霉素逆转K562／A02细胞多药耐药机理的研究

本研究比较大蒜素、红霉素单用及两药联用逆转K562/A02细胞多药耐药的效果并探讨相关机制,为临床采用低剂量药物联合逆转多药耐药提供实验依据。采用MTT法比较非细胞毒剂量大蒜素、红霉素单用及两药联用对K562/A02细胞多药耐药的逆转效果差异及毒性叠加情况,RT-PCR检测K562/A02细胞mdr1基因表达情况,免疫组织化学法检测P-gp表达情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞内阿霉素平均荧光强度。结果表明:大蒜素1、4、8 mg/L对K562/A02细胞的逆转倍数分别为1.80、2.26、2.82,呈浓度依赖性。红霉素60 mg/L的逆转倍数为2.20,大蒜素与红霉素联用的逆转倍数为4.94,无毒性叠加作用。大蒜素与红霉素单独作用均可下调耐药株mdr1、P-gp的表达,增加胞内阿霉素浓度,而两药联合作用时上述作用明显增强。结论非细胞毒剂量的大蒜素和红霉素联合应用逆转K562/A02细胞多药耐药效果明显强于单用,且无毒性叠加作用。联合用药在下调mdr1/P-gp表达、增加细胞内化疗药物浓度方面具有协同作用。     

大蒜素对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

目的:研究大蒜素对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响。方法:将用四氧嘧啶造模成功的糖尿病大鼠随机分为4组,即阳性对照组(喂基础饲料),高、中、低剂量组,服用不同剂量的大蒜素犤60mg/(kg·d),40mg/(kg·d),30mg/(kg·d)犦和基础饲料,3周后测大鼠血糖。结果:用药前后比较,高剂量组血糖由24.86mmol/L降到7.26mmol/L(t=3.77,P<0.01);中剂量组由23.15mmol/L降到15.80mmol/L(t=4.78,P<0.01);低剂量组由21.20mmol/L降到17.60mmol/L(t=2.65,P<0.05),与阳性组比较差异有显著性意义(t值分别为11.78,7.38,5.03,P<0.01)。结论:大蒜素能够降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖,降糖效果与给药剂量成正相关。     

干预措施对剖宫产围手术期抗菌药物合理使用的影响

目的探讨对剖宫产围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物实施干预的有效性和可行性。方法以规模相当的两所医院为实验对象,分别设为干预组和非干预组。分别随机抽取两组同时段的剖宫产病例进行统计分析,将住院天数、抗菌药费用、术后感染例数及抗菌药物合理使用等指标进行对比。结果干预组干预后住院天数和总用药时间明显缩短(P<0.01),抗菌药物费和术后感染率明显下降(P<0.05),术前用药合格率明显上升(P<0.01)。结论合理干预对抗菌药物的合理使用、降低术后感染和患者医疗费用等起到了积极的促进作用。     

社会心理因素对哮喘发病和控制作用的研究进展

介绍了社会心理因素对哮喘发病和控制作用的研究进展。详细阐述了社会心理因素诱发哮喘的发病机制及其对免疫功能的影响、对治疗依从性的影响，强调应积极发挥家庭、社会等支持系统的作用，增强健康教育的力度，使病人改进不良的行为方式和生活方式，提高哮喘病人的生活质量。     

Sociological perspectives on self-help groups: reflections on conceptualization and social processes

AIM: The paper discusses two themes: first, professional involvement in self-help groups and secondly, sociological evidence on self-help groups in postmodern society. BACKGROUND: Self-help groups are a growing phenomenon across national borders and social/political systems. They affect the individual participants' activity level, strengthening of their self-perception and sense of belonging. METHODS: The methodological approach chosen is cross-sectional analysis of empirical findings, which is used for concept evaluation. Selected sociological theory is brought into the discussion of the role and significance of self-help groups. FINDINGS: New empirical sociological evidence shows that health care professionals - nurses, psychologists, social workers - have become an integrated part and thus essential actors in self-help groups within as well as outside the framework of the formal health care system. Involvement in self-help groups is a relatively new area of nursing practice and nursing research and serves an important function in that it sheds light on a rather unique form of social practice that is partly organized and managed by the participants themselves. By implementing modern sociological theory, which does in fact discuss social processes and relations as well as network formation, it is possible to investigate group processes unique to self-help groups and whether self-help groups potentially suppress or liberate at the individual as well as at the institutional level. CONCLUSIONS: The pronounced professional involvement leads us to question if it would not be time to re-conceptualize the self-help phenomenon, which on the one hand presupposes professional interaction and on the other hand introduces consultative services in connection with group processes. This indicates that it is necessary to introduce new aspects and themes for discussion in the health care debate and the work that goes beyond the predominantly individual orientated treatment and care function.     

Studies on the Distribution of Surface Immunoglobulins on Human B-Lymphocytes

Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied with fluorescent anti-immunoglobulin antibodies and shown to have a patchy distribution of immunoglobulin on their surfaces that does not form a cap after complexing with antibody. Use of freeze-etch electron microscopy confirmed the distribution of immunoglobulin in isolated patches on the membrane. Evidence is presented that this distribution may explain the absence of capping of these human cells as compared with mouse B-lymphocytes.Studies of the metabolism of antibody bound to the cell surface revealed rapid shedding of complexes from the cell and also rapid endocytosis with subsequent degradation of the antibody.Several attempts to alter this distribution of immunoglobulin on the surface were unsuccessful. Possible mechanisms by which cell surface elements may be organized are discussed, as well as the significance of the results in terms of the immune response and the classification of certain lymphoproliferative diseases.     

社会心理因素对哮喘发病和控制作用的研究进展

介绍了社会心理因素对哮喘发病和控制作用的研究进展.详细阐述了社会心理因素诱发哮喘的发病机制及其对免疫功能的影响、对治疗依从性的影响,强调应积极发挥家庭、社会等支持系统的作用,增强健康教育的力度,使病人改进不良的行为方式和生活方式,提高哮喘病人的生活质量.     

Sexuality on nursing assistance: reflections on a cultural perspective

This study aimed to understand sexuality and how the construction of its meanings, symbols, feelings, and values is developed. The data were collected through focal group techniques and individual interviews with nurses. The emerging feelings were: embarrassment; fear; surprise; challenge; sorrow; worry, and personal satisfaction. The experience with the sexuality on nursing assistance revealed: the presence of a pathological and biological perspective in the action of nursing, showing this dimension as something that needs to be medically treated; on the other hand, it showed that this theme can be a way to self-knowledge, rethinking concepts, values and conflicts, as well as producing nursing care in a more ethical, committed and empathetic way, thus valuing the dignity of the ones cared for and the ones who take care.     

基于空间直角坐标系的逆变器调制波研究

基于空间直角坐标系,对逆变器三相调制波进行研究,提出三维空间调制波矢量的概念并讨论其特点。利用调制波矢量得到了SPWM和SVPWM的解析表达式,使调制方法、控制策略、主电路成为一个整体,便于进行统一建模,具有几何含义清晰、理解直观、计算简单等优点。利用Matlab/Simulink进行仿真和逆变器平台进行实验,结果证明研究方法正确有效。     

膀胱平滑肌细胞与聚氨酯膜体外复合培养的实验研究

目的以聚氨酯材料为衬底进行膀胱平滑肌细胞的种植和培养,与在培养瓶中的膀胱平滑肌细胞进行对比,了解聚氨酯材料的组织相容性和细胞毒性。方法采用组织块培养法,在膀胱平滑肌细胞体外生长增殖的过程中用倒置显微镜观察其形态和大体表现,用酶标仪CCK8法检测细胞增殖的数量。结果透射电镜下在不同的倍率下观察聚氨酯膜,可以看到在不同的倍率下聚氨酯膜的表面是光滑的,材料性质单一。组织块培养法原代培养获取人膀胱平滑肌细胞稳定可靠,细胞形态良好。抗α-肌动蛋白免疫组织化学染色证实培养细胞为膀胱平滑肌细胞。膀胱平滑肌细胞在PU表面能黏附、生长和增殖。体外复合培养7 d后,膀胱平滑肌细胞铺满PU表面。5 d,7 d的细胞形态与1 d相似。两组5 d细胞计数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论膀胱平滑肌细胞在聚氨酯材料上的生长增殖与培养瓶中对比没有明显的差异,聚氨酯材料是具有良好组织相容性的生物工程材料。     

依托海上战救平台实施战伤院前救治的探讨

根据海上作战特点，依托战救平台，在平战时作训中应用院前救治流程，通过伤情判断、分类分区救治、战救平台现场急救措施的实施及战救药品器材的补给保障，使伤员从一线救护中得到确定性的救治，提高了海上伤员的营救能力。笔者主要针对依托海上战救平台实施战伤院前救治流程的方法进行了进一步探讨与研究。     

Useful prediction of ureteral calculi visibility on abdominal radiographs based on calculi characteristics on unenhanced helical CT and CT scout radiographs

Aims: To determine whether visibility of ureteral calculi on plain radiographs of the kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) could be predicted based on characteristics on unenhanced helical computed tomography (UHCT) and CT scout radiographs (CTSR). Methods: One hundred and twenty‐three patients diagnosed with 140 ureteral calculi on UHCT, had undergone both UHCT and KUB within 24 h and before calculus passage or intervention were included. The visibility of ureteral calculi on KUB and CTSR as well as their sizes, locations and densities on UHCT were recorded. The association of CTSR/UHCT characteristics of ureteral calculi and their visibility on KUB were analysed. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression were computed as predictors for visibility on KUB. Results: Of the 140 calculi, 56 (40%) and 98 (70%) were visible on CTSR and KUB respectively. All calculi detectable on CTSR were also visible on KUB. Multivariate analyses of the 84 CTSR undetectable calculi revealed that non‐middle ureteral location and higher calculi densities on UHCT were significant predictors of visibility on KUB. All non‐middle ureteral calculi with density > 800 Hounsfield units (HU) were visible on KUB. Of 23 calculi in the middle ureter or with density < 200 HU, 17 (74%) were invisible on KUB. Conclusions: Ureteral calculi characteristics on UHCT and CTSR are useful for predicting their visibility on KUB. Patients with visible calculi on CTSR or non‐middle ureteral calculi with density > 800 HU are suitable for KUB to follow‐up calculi status.