小鼠大脑皮质NO水平与脑不对称性的关系

目的 :通过建立脑不对称动物模型 ,探讨大脑皮质一氧化氮 (nitricoxide ,NO)水平与脑不对称性之间的关系。 方法 :选用雌性 4周龄Balb/c健康小鼠 ,用伸爪取食法根据右利分 (rightpawentry ,RPE)将小鼠区分为左利、右利和双利 3组。细菌脂多糖 (lipopolysaccharide,LPS)腹腔注射 2h后分别取左右侧大脑皮质制作匀浆液 ,采用Greiss重氮化反应法检测其NO水平。 结果 :1)生理状况和LPS刺激下右侧大脑皮质NO水平均高于左侧大脑皮质 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 )脑不对称小鼠 :正常生理组右侧大脑皮质NO水平为双利组显著高于右利组和左利组 ,左侧皮质为双利组显著高于右利组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;LPS刺激后左右侧大脑皮质NO水平在左利、双利和右利 3组小鼠间无明显差异。 3)大脑皮质NO水平与小鼠右利分有一定的相关性 ,其随右利分的变化趋势多为双利 >右利和左利 ,形成一以双利小鼠为高峰的倒U形曲线。 结论 :大脑皮质NO水平与脑不对称性有一定的相关性 ,且与脑不对称的程度有关。     

Balb／c小鼠脑不对称性与其腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL—1β，NO间关系的研究

通过建立脑不对称动物模型 ,探讨脑不对称性对小鼠单核巨噬细胞产生炎性因子的影响。用伸爪取食法区分出左利、右利、双利小鼠 ,细菌脂多糖 (lipopolysaccharide ,LPS)体内刺激 2h后取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞在体外LPS刺激下培养 ,2 4h后收集培养上清测定巨噬细胞产生白细胞介素 (interlukine 1β,IL 1β)、一氧化氮 (nitricox ide ,NO)水平。体内经LPS刺激的小鼠双利组和右利组IL 1(水平均显著高于左利组 ,双利组IL 1(水平高于右利组 ;未经体内LPS刺激的三组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生NO水平相似 ,经体内LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生NO的量为双利 >右利 >左利 ,其中双利组NO水平明显高于左利组 (P <0 .0 1)。脑不对称可影响下丘脑 垂体 肾上腺 单核巨噬细胞 (HPA MO/Mφ)调节环路。     

Balb/c小鼠脑不对称性与其腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β,NO间关系的研究

通过建立脑不对称动物模型,探讨脑不对称性对小鼠单核巨噬细胞产生炎性因子的影响.用伸爪取食法区分出左利、右利、双利小鼠,细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)体内刺激2 h后取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞在体外LPS刺激下培养,24 h后收集培养上清测定巨噬细胞产生白细胞介素(interlukine-1β,IL-1β)、一氧化氮(nitric ox-ide,NO)水平.体内经LPS刺激的小鼠双利组和右利组IL-1(水平均显著高于左利组,双利组IL-1(水平高于右利组;未经体内LPS刺激的三组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生NO水平相似,经体内LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生NO的量为双利＞右利＞左利,其中双利组NO水平明显高于左利组(P＜0.01).脑不对称可影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺-单核巨噬细胞(HPA-M0/Mψ)调节环路.     

小鼠神经胶质细胞培养上清IL-6水平与脑不对称性的关系

目的　 通过体外培养小鼠大脑皮层神经胶质细胞 ,探讨该细胞分泌IL 6与脑不对称性的关系。 方法　分别取新生小鼠左、右两侧大脑皮层胶质细胞培养于 2 4孔板内 ;俟细胞长满孔底后 ,用细菌脂多糖 (LPS)刺激 ,培养 2 4h后收集上清并测定IL 6水平。结果　正常对照组胶质细胞培养上清中可检测出较低水平的IL 6 ,其趋势为右侧高于左侧 ,但统计学上无显著性差别 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;LPS刺激组IL 6水平明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且右侧IL 6水平明显高于左侧 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　 左、右两侧大脑皮层胶质细胞对LPS刺激的反应性存在差异 ,右侧显著高于左侧 ,这种异质性可能部分介导了脑不对称对免疫功能的影响     

抽动秽语综合征患者基底节结构特点分析

目的探讨抽动秽语综合征(Tourette syndrome,TS)患者可能存在的基底节结构改变.方法对10例右利手男性TS患者和10例匹配正常健康人进行头颅MRI检查,应用三维重建技术分别对尾状核、壳核、苍白球和全脑体积进行测量,比较两组之间的基底节体积差异,分析左右侧结构体积的对称性.结果对照组左侧基底节体积大于右侧(P＜0.05);TS组双侧基底节各结构体积均明显减小,左侧更显著,左右侧体积比较无显著差异(P＞0.05);基底节各结构体积与症状严重程度不相关.结论正常右利手人群中存在着基底节结构体积不对称性,左侧偏大;双侧基底节体积减小、丧失正常的不对称性,是TS患者的特征性结构改变.     

早期特发性全面性癫痫大脑皮质厚度脑图谱的建立研究

目的 采用大脑磁共振T1图像及先进的图像分析软件,构建初次就诊的特发性全面性癫痫(Idiopathic generalized epilepsy,IGE)大脑皮质厚度脑图谱。方法 选取2020年1月1日—2021年12月31日于寿光市人民医院就诊的27例初诊为IGE患者和29名正常对照组获得高分辨率三维T1图像。利用Freesurfer软件的定位识别计算系统,计算每个脑区皮质厚度的具体数值,利用图像分析软件,将皮质厚度数值制作成脑图谱。利用两样本t检验,形成差异脑图谱,分析IGE患者同正常人皮质厚度的差异。运用配对t检验进行对两组数据进行组内比较,探讨皮质厚度偏侧性的改变。结果 IGE脑图谱中皮质厚度较厚的脑区为右左侧颞极、右左侧内嗅皮层、右侧前扣带回头部、右左侧岛叶、右左侧颞中回、右侧颞下回、左侧前扣带回头部、左侧前扣带回尾部、左侧颞下回、左右侧梭状回、左侧额极;皮质厚度较薄的区域为右左侧距状旁回、右左侧楔叶、左右侧舌回、左右侧中央后回、左侧枕外侧回、右左侧顶上回;与正常人脑皮质厚度脑图谱比较,皮质厚度分布规律大致相仿;与正常人比较,IGE大脑皮质厚度发生改变的区域为双侧额上回、双侧...     

右美托咪定对脂多糖诱导脑内炎症小鼠MAPK/NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的研究右美托咪定对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脑内炎症损伤的神经保护作用及其机制。方法采用LPS诱导建立免疫炎症损伤小鼠模型。分为LPS组(n=10,腹腔注射LPS 5 mg·kg-1)、右美托咪定组(n=10,腹腔注射LPS前1 h注射右美托咪定50μg·kg~(-1))和对照组(n=10,腹腔注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液)。药物注射6h后取小鼠大脑皮质,用苏木精-伊红染色观察大脑皮质病理变化、ELISA法测定大脑皮质中TNF-α和IL-1β含量、Westernblot法对大脑皮质中MAPK/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白的表达量进行检测。结果①与LPS组比较,右美托咪定干预组大脑皮质的病理性损伤变化减轻;②右美托咪定干预组大脑皮质中TNF-α、IL-1β含量较LPS模型组显著降低。结论右美托咪定干预可抑制LPS诱导炎症损伤后的TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平,抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路的激活减轻炎症反应,发挥神经保护作用。     

健康人脑空间工作记忆的脑功能磁共振研究

目的 通过功能磁共振成像(unctional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)技术研究健康人脑空间工作记忆的功能脑区.方法 10名右利手健康志愿者进行空间工作记忆任务的同时进行fMRI扫描,实验采用组块设计和SPM99软件进行数据分析和脑功能区定位.结果 大脑皮质所激活的主要脑区有双侧顶叶(BA7/40,BA:Brodmann area,布鲁德曼分区),双侧额叶(BA6/9/47),双侧枕颞交界处(BA19/37);被激活的大脑皮质下结构有右侧尾状核、左侧丘脑和左侧中脑黑质;双侧小脑也均被显著激活(P<0.001).结论 人脑处理空间工作记忆信息是由大脑皮质下结构及小脑与大脑皮质共同完成的.     

实验性帕金森病纹状体、大脑皮质、海马组织Glu含量的变化

目的:探索帕金森病(PD)的发病机制。方法:应用大鼠选择性偏侧(右侧)PD动物模型,观测正常对照组,PD组(造模后2周)左右侧纹状体(ST)、大脑皮质(CC)、海马(HP)组织谷氨酸(Glu)含量的变化。结果:PD组右侧ST、CC、HP组织Glu含量显著低于左侧和正常对照组左右侧(P<0.01);PD组左侧ST、CC、HP组织Glu含量与正常对照组比较无显著差异性(P>0.05);正常对照组左右侧ST、CC、HP组织Glu含量无显著差异性(P>0.05)。结论:神经递质Glu参于PD累及部位ST、CC、HP损伤的发病机制     

难治性抑郁症脑局部葡萄糖代谢的初步研究

目的 探索难治性抑郁症的脑局部葡萄糖代谢模式.方法 对符合国际疾病分类标准第10版(ICD.10)抑郁症诊断标准的8例难治性抑郁症患者和8名正常对照进行静息态正电子发射计算机断层/18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(PET/FDG)扫描,利用参数统计图(SPM2)方法分析组间脑局部代谢差异.结果 患者组的双侧额中回、左侧眶额皮质、左顶下小叶、左腹侧前扣带回、右侧额下回、右颞是回和颞中回以及双侧背侧前扣带回FDG代谢水平明显低于对照组;而左侧中央前/后回、右侧额内侧回、右颞极、右岛叶以及双侧小脑等脑区代谢水平则明显高于对照组.上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.005).结论 难治性抑郁症患者存在旁边缘系统代谢增高和皮质代谢降低的交互性改变的异常代谢模式.     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

Sudanophilic lipid accumulation in astrocytes in periventricular leukomalacia in monkeys

Summary Sudanophilic lipid accumulation is a characteristic feature of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) of infants. At least two types of lipid-containing cells have been identified, one being the macrophage, the other the pre-myelin glial cell. A third type of lipid-containing cell has been seen in two monkeys with spontaneous PVL. Electron microscopically this cell appears to be an astrocyte. This probably represents a reaction of the astrocyte to hypoxia and may be the equivalent of the hypertrophic astrocytes found in human infants.Supported in part by NIH grant HDO 8633 and the Regional Primate Research Center Grant RR-00166