口服供者脾细胞诱导成年大鼠皮肤移植物存活期延长

目的 :观测口服供者脾细胞后受者大鼠皮肤移植物的存活时间 ,并探讨口服耐受的形成机制 .方法 :以纯系SD大鼠为供者 ,纯系Wistar大鼠为受者 ,行异体皮肤移植 ,将 2 0只受者大鼠随机分成 2组 :A组为对照组 ,单纯作皮肤移植 ;B组为口服抗原组 ,本组于皮肤移植前 7d始每日接受供者脾细胞 5× 10 7个 ,导管灌胃 ,7d后观察体外混合淋巴细胞培养(MLC)、体内的迟发型超敏反应 (DTH) ,并行皮肤移植 ,观察移植皮肤的存活时间 .结果 :口服抗原后 ,体外混合淋巴细胞培养及体内的DTH反应均出现明显的抗原反应性降低 ,口服抗原组的移植皮肤存活时间达到 (15 8± 1 3 )d ,而对照组为(4 9± 0 1)d ,两组差异显著 (P <0 0 1,n =10 ) .结论 :口服抗原可以引起受者对异基因抗原的特异性免疫反应降低 ,能使受者的皮肤移植物存活期延长     

泡状棘球蚴感染大鼠排斥同种异体移植心脏的初步观察

目的 :用 SD大鼠对 Wistar大鼠心脏移植模型 ,观察大鼠感染泡球蚴后 ,免疫系统的变化对移植心脏的影响。方法 :16只健康的 SD大鼠心脏作供心 ,8只未感染泡球蚴的 Wistar大鼠及 8只感染泡球蚴的 Wistar大鼠作受者。建立 SD大鼠对 Wistar大鼠心脏移植模型。实验分组 :(1)对照组 :SD大鼠→ Wistar大鼠 (未感染泡球蚴 ) (n =8) ;(2 )泡球蚴组 :SD大鼠→ Wistar大鼠 (感染泡球蚴 ) (n =8)。 结果 :感染泡球蚴组移植心脏平均存活时间为 (11.63± 6.0 2 ) d,对照组移植心脏平均存活时间为 (6± 0 .5 3 ) d,感染泡球蚴组移植心脏存活时间较对照组移植心脏存活时间明显延长 ,两者差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论:泡状棘球蚴感染能造成 Th2 类细胞因子偏移 ,从而有利于同种异体移植物的存活 ,嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润可能是造成移植排斥的原因之一。     

低温灌注、深低温冷冻对同种异体肢体移植排斥反应的影响

目的建立同种异体肢体移植动物模型,研究低温灌注、深低温冷冻供肢对同种异体肢体移植排斥反应的影响。方法大鼠48只(Wistar大鼠16只,SD大鼠32只),随机分为4组,各4只Wistar大鼠(供体),8只SD大鼠(受体)。A组:供体肢体离断后移植到受体;B组:处理同A组,术后加用环孢素A(CsA);C组:处理同A组,供体经深低温冷藏处理;D组:处理同C组,术后给予CsA。术后第2、4、6、8周摄X线片,第3周取外周血检测自发淋巴母细胞生成率,第8周取外周血检测白细胞介素2(IL-2)。结果异体肢体移植32例,成功29例。4组移植肢体存活时间分别为:A组(8.0±2.2)d,B组(39.2±0.8)d,C组(14.0±4.2)d,D组(46.2±0.6)d。B、C、D组存活时间与A组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B、D组术后6周可达骨性连接,而A、C组仅1例达骨连接且明显延迟。术后3周B、C、D组自发淋巴母细胞生成率与未移植鼠比值均<2。术后8周外周血IL-2活性,A组最高,C组次之,B、C、D组与A组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低温灌注、深低温冷冻和CsA可协同抑制同种异体肢体移植的排斥反应,对急性排斥反应有显著的防治作用。     

供体凋亡细胞输注对大鼠胰岛移植物功能的影响

目的 研究供体凋亡细胞预输注对大鼠胰岛移植后胰岛移植物功能的影响.方法 应用STZ制备SD大鼠糖尿病模型,以直线加速器照射诱导供体Wistar大鼠脾细胞凋亡.经阴茎背静脉输注供体凋亡脾细胞,7d后于糖尿病SD大鼠双侧肾包囊进行同种异体胰岛移植,通过测定血糖变化、血清胰岛素水平以及胰岛移植物存活时间来观察胰岛移植物的功能状态.结果 预输注供体凋亡脾细胞能显著延长同种异体胰岛移植物存活时间(中位生存时间达31 d),并较长时间地维持受体鼠血清胰岛素处于较高水平.结论供体凋亡细胞预输注能够显著延长同种异体胰岛移植物的存活时间,能够较长时间维持胰岛移植物的正常功能状态.     

异种胰岛和胸腺联合移植治疗糖尿病的实验研究

目的 :探讨供者胸腺与胰岛联合移植在诱导免疫耐受中的作用。方法 :昆明种小鼠为供体 ,Wistar大鼠为受体。 A组为单纯胰岛移植组 ,B组为胰岛和胸腺联合移植组 ,C组为胸腺细胞预注射于受体胸腺 7d后 ,胰岛和胸腺联合移植组。结果 :A组移植物功能存活时间为 (6 .4 0± 1.90 ) d,B组为(2 1.2 0± 10 .74 ) d,C组为 (36 .70± 15 .11) d。 B组和 C组与 A组比较 ,差异具有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :胸腺移植对诱导免疫耐受、提高异种胰岛移植物存活有一定作用。     

靶向CD40的小RNA干扰抑制大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应及细胞凋亡表达的研究

目的 探讨靶向CI40的小RNA干扰对大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应及细胞凋亡的影响.方法 以纯系SD大鼠为供体,纯系Wistar大鼠为受体,行同种异体右后肢移植.27只大鼠肢体移植后随机分为3组:A组:注射梭华.Sofast(15μL).siCD45-2/pSilencer(100 μg)载体复合物600 μL;B组:在肢体移植后,即注射Sofast(15μL).pSileater4.1-CMV neo(100μg)空载体复合物600μL;C组:在肢体移植后注射生理盐水600μL.观察移植物排斥反应征象及存活情况,并于第7天对产生免疫耐受大鼠进行混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR),同时进行组织学检查.结果 与其它实验组相比,A组移植物发生排斥反应的时间及存活时间均显著延长(P<0.01)(>13d),未见排斥反应征象,其它组均于术后近期发生排斥反应;A组大鼠对供体的淋巴细胞呈现低反应性,移植的供体同系大鼠的肢体得以存活.A组移植物细胞凋亡率低于其他组.A组表达CD40的B细胞低于B、C组.结论 在术后不应用免疫抑制剂的情况下,靶向CD40的shRNA干扰可以抗大鼠异体肢体移植急性排斥反应.     

同种异体肢体移植特异性免疫耐受诱导方案的研究

目的探讨联合应用亚致死量放射线照射、氟达拉滨及骨髓腔内骨髓移植对诱导大鼠同种异体肢体移植产生特异性免疫耐受的影响。方法以纯系SD大鼠及Wistar大鼠为供受体，行同种异体右后肢移植。40只大鼠肢体移植后随机分为4组：A组：仅进行肢体移植；B组：在肢体移植前1d，受体给予亚致死量^60Co照射及腹腔内注射氟达拉滨；C组：肢体移植当天受体接受供体骨髓腔内骨髓移植；D组：受体联合应用亚致死量照射、注射氟达拉滨及骨髓腔内骨髓移植，用法及用量同B、C组。观察移植物排斥反应征象及存活情况，并对D组产生免疫耐受大鼠进行SD大鼠及DA大鼠皮肤移植以及脾细胞中细胞因子mRNA检测。结果与其他实验组相比，D组移植物发生排斥反应的时间及存活时间均显著延长（P〈0．01）（〉120d）；D组大鼠仅对第3方DA大鼠的皮肤呈现强烈的免疫反应；与A组大鼠相比，D组大鼠Thl型细胞因子的表达明显降低，而Th2型细胞因子的表达明显增高。结论联合方案可以诱导大鼠同种异体肢体移植产生特异性免疫耐受。     

供者未成熟树突状细胞对大鼠皮肤移植免疫耐受的诱导

目的探讨供者未成熟树突状细胞 (dendritic cells,DC)对同种异体皮肤移植免疫耐受的诱导效果 ,为抗排斥反应治疗提供依据。方法以供者未成熟树突状细胞术前预处理受者 ,或术后联用环孢霉素 (CSA)。根据实验分组对皮肤移植术后移植皮片存活情况观察。结果对照组、未成熟 DC组、未成熟DC联用环孢霉素组 ,其受体存活时间分别为 6 .86± 1.34d、7.5 7± 1.99d、2 2 .4 3± 4 .4 6 d。未成熟 DC组与对照组之间差别无显著性差异 ,而与未成熟 DC联用环孢霉素组有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论供者未成熟树突状细胞术前预处理移植受体 ,可明显延长移植物存活时间。     

大黄素对大鼠肝移植排斥反应作用的时机选择

目的 探讨大黄素对大鼠肝移植术后排斥反应作用的最佳时机.方法 以Wistar大鼠为供者,SD大鼠为受者,建立大鼠原位肝移植模型.按照给予大黄素的时间不同,将模型动物随机分为4组,每组12只.A组作为对照组,B、C、D 3组分别于术前8 d至手术当天、术前4 d至术后4 d、术后1-8 d以ip给予大黄素50.0 rag/(kg·d).观察各组大鼠存活时间和移植肝组织病理变化,并确定排斥活动指数(RAI).结果 D组术后受者存活时间为(25.3±3.2)d,比其他3组明显延长(P<0.05);D组移植肝的RAI为6.12±0.55,比其他3组明显减轻(P<0.05).结论 于肝移植术后1～8 d给予大黄素对大鼠移植肝的排斥反应有明显抑制作用,能显著延长移植大鼠的存活时间.     

免疫抑制剂联合供体骨髓输注诱导肝移植受体长期存活的研究

目的研究他莫克司(FK506)、霉酚酸酯(MMF)、抗CD28单克隆抗体(anti-CD28mAb)为主要免疫抑制方案联合供体骨髓输注,对大鼠肝移植受体存活时间的影响.方法建立大鼠原位肝移植模型:①A组(n=6):同品系移植, 供、受体同为Wistar大鼠或SD大鼠;②B组(n=14):Wistar大鼠为供体,SD大鼠为受体(Wistar→SD),术后不采取任何治疗措施;③C组(n=7):Wistar→SD, 术后FK506、MMF联合应用2 d;④D组(n=6):Wistar→SD,术后FK506、MMF联合应用2 d,然后单独应用FK506共4 d;⑤E组(n=6):Wistar→SD,术后供体骨髓输注,其余处理同D组;⑥F组(n=3):Wistar→SD,术后供体骨髓输注,术后第1天应用1次anti-CD28mAb,FK506、MMF术后联合应用2 d,然后单独应用FK506共2 d.观察各组移植物的存活和排斥发生情况及其组织病理学改变.结果 A组大鼠均存活100 d以上;B组大鼠死于急性排斥反应,中位存活时间为15.5 d;C、D组大鼠中位存活时间分别为46 d和68 d;E、F组大鼠均存活100 d以上,组织病理学检查门静脉周围和肝组织内未见明显炎症细胞浸润.结论 Wistar大鼠与SD大鼠间肝移植,属于高免疫排斥型动物组合,可作为大鼠肝移植免疫排斥和免疫耐受研究的有效品系组合;移植同时供者骨髓细胞的输注可获得移植肝的长期存活;anti-CD28mAb和短时间FK605、MMF联合应用具有协同作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.